Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-470

Allowed

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

125 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-65608 (GCVE-0-2026-65608)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-23 11:42 – Updated: 2026-07-24 21:35
VLAI
Title
Grav before 2.0.9 Remote Code Execution via FlexDirectory
Summary
Grav versions >= 1.7.0 and before 2.0.9 contain a remote code execution vulnerability. FlexDirectory::dynamicDataField() resolves blueprint data-*@: directives by calling call_user_func_array() on attacker-influenced input, validating only that the target is callable (is_callable()) without restricting dangerous functions such as exec, system, passthru, or shell_exec. Because FlexDirectory registers this handler for every Flex directory, it bypasses the validation added to Blueprint::dynamicData() in 2.0.7 (GHSA-fj2p-qj2f-74v5). Any authenticated user with create or update permission on any Flex-based directory (Flex Users, Flex Pages, Flex Objects, or custom Flex types) can execute arbitrary shell commands on the server.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
getgrav grav Affected: 1.7.0 , < 2.0.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 2.0.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-09 00:00
Credits
haftoe
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-63317 (GCVE-0-2026-63317)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-24 08:07 – Updated: 2026-07-24 18:04
VLAI
Title
Apache OpenNLP: Arbitrary Class Instantiation in GeneratorFactory via Feature Descriptor XML
Summary
Arbitrary Class Instantiation via XML Feature Generator Descriptor and Format Name in Apache OpenNLP Versions Affected: - before 2.5.10 - before 3.0.0-M5 Description: Three code paths in Apache OpenNLP load a class by its fully-qualified name via Class.forName() and invoke its no-arg constructor without any prior validation of the class name or its type.  The affected paths are: (1) GeneratorFactory, which reads the class attribute of generator elements in an XML feature generator descriptor; such descriptors are embedded as artifacts in model archives (e.g. TokenNameFinder and POSTagger models) and are parsed during model loading, so an attacker who can supply a crafted model archive controls the class name directly. (2) StreamFactoryRegistry.getFactory(Class, String), which falls back to interpreting an unregistered format name as the fully-qualified class name of an ObjectStreamFactory; this is exploitable in applications that pass untrusted format names (e.g. exposing the -format parameter of the command-line tooling to external input). (3) StringInterners, which instantiates the interner implementation named by the opennlp.interner.class system property; this value is normally deployer-controlled, so it is hardened as defense in depth rather than being independently attacker-reachable. Exploitation requires a class with attacker-useful side effects in its static initializer or no-arg constructor (JNDI lookup, outbound network I/O, filesystem access) to be present on the classpath, so this is not drop-in remote code execution. T Mitigation: Upgrade to a fixed release. The fix routes all three paths through ExtensionLoader.instantiateExtension(...), which consults a package-prefix allowlist before Class.forName() is invoked, so a disallowed class is never loaded, initialized, or constructed. Classes under the opennlp. prefix remain permitted by default. Deployments that load models referencing feature generator factories, object stream factories, or string interners outside opennlp.* must opt those packages in, either programmatically via ExtensionLoader.registerAllowedPackage(String) before the first model load, or by setting the OPENNLP_EXT_ALLOWED_PACKAGES system property to a comma-separated list of allowed package prefixes. Users who cannot upgrade immediately should ensure all model files and format names are sourced from trusted origins and should audit their classpath for classes with side-effecting static initializers or constructors.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache OpenNLP Affected: 3.0.0-M1 , < 3.0.0-M4 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 2.5.11 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Subramanian S
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-58659 (GCVE-0-2026-58659)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 17:02 – Updated: 2026-07-18 01:03 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
PyTorch Lightning Arbitrary Code Execution via _instantiator Hyperparameter
Summary
PyTorch Lightning through 2.6.5, fixed in commit d710d68, contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the _load_state function that imports and executes attacker-controlled module names from checkpoint _instantiator hyperparameters. Attackers can craft malicious checkpoint files that bypass weights_only=True protections to execute arbitrary code when LightningModule.load_from_checkpoint is called.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Lightning-AI pytorch-lightning Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.6.5 (semver)
Unaffected: d710d689510d50e800f53b3cd773cbca20b1f86f (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-10 00:00
Credits
George Chen
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-55153 (GCVE-0-2026-55153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:02 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:02
VLAI
Title
mchange-commons-java contains elements susceptible to abuse via JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets"
Summary
mchange-commons-java is a Java library of shared utility classes used by mchange projects like the c3p0 connection pool. Prior to version 0.6.0, its JNDI ObjectFactory implementation (com.mchange.v2.naming.JavaBeanObjectFactory) will construct objects of arbitrary classes and initialize "JavaBean"-style properties, which for certain classes enables JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets." Such initialization is unsafe for some classes: for example, setting the contentType property of a Swing JEditorPane to text/html and its text property to HTML containing a stylesheet <link> will provoke an HTTP GET on an arbitrary URL, potentially from within a trusted security domain. The problem is aggravated by the library's ReferenceIndirector, through which malicious JNDI Reference objects can be smuggled in for dereferencing wherever an application reads a Java-serialized object. This has been resolved in version 0.6.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-49287 (GCVE-0-2026-49287)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-06-22 14:22
VLAI
Title
Statamic CMS vulnerable to unsafe method invocation via collection sorting allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.73.23 and 6.20.0, the fix for CVE-2026-41175 was incomplete. It addressed the issue in the query builder, but the same protection was not applied to in-memory collection sorting. Manipulating sort parameters could result in the loss of content and assets. This requires a front-end template that passes request input into a tag's sort parameter. It is not exploitable by default — a template would need to be explicitly set up to sort by a visitor-controlled value. This has been fixed in 5.73.23 and 6.20.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
statamic cms Affected: < 5.73.23
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.20.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48817 (GCVE-0-2026-48817)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:54
VLAI
Title
Starlette: Arbitrary HTTP method dispatched to `HTTPEndpoint` attributes via `getattr`
Summary
Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. In versions 1.0.1 and below, when dispatching a request, HTTPEndpoint selects the handler by lowercasing the HTTP method and looking it up as an attribute with getattr, without restricting the lookup to a known set of HTTP verbs. When an HTTPEndpoint subclass is registered through Route(...) without an explicit methods= argument, the route does not constrain the method and every method reaches the endpoint. If a non-standard HTTP method whose lowercased name matches an attribute on the endpoint subclass reaches the endpoint, that attribute is invoked as if it were a request handler. An attacker can use this to reach methods that were never meant to be HTTP handlers, such as internal helpers, without the authorization checks applied by the intended public handler. An application (including Starlette-based frameworks like FastAPI) is affected if it registers an HTTPEndpoint subclass via Route(...) without explicitly setting methods=, and that subclass includes extra methods named like non-standard HTTP verbs that take one request argument and return a response. This issue has been fixed in version 1.1.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kludex starlette Affected: < 1.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48517 (GCVE-0-2026-48517)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:03 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:55
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Typeless deserialization type restrictions do not recurse into arrays or generic arguments
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePack-CSharp's typeless deserialization includes MessagePackSerializerOptions.ThrowIfDeserializingTypeIsDisallowed(Type) as a safety check for dangerous types. The default implementation checks the outer type name, but it does not recursively inspect array element types or generic type arguments. As a result, a type that would be blocked directly can be wrapped inside an array or constructed generic type and pass the outer type check. The formatter machinery can then materialize formatters for the inner blocked type. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MessagePack-CSharp MessagePack-CSharp Affected: >= 3.0, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48502 (GCVE-0-2026-48502)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:18 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:05
VLAI
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize includes the extension body length from the wire and is used in a stackalloc operation before the extension length is validated as one of the valid timestamp sizes. A very small payload can claim a large timestamp extension body and cause a stack allocation large enough to trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException, terminating the host process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
  • CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
  • CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
  • CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
  • CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
  • CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MessagePack-CSharp MessagePack-CSharp Affected: >= 3.1.7, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-46718 (GCVE-0-2026-46718)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 09:17 – Updated: 2026-06-02 14:41
VLAI
Title
Apache Calcite: A user-controled model can load arbitrary classes, leading to code execution
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite. This issue affects Apache Calcite: from 1.5.0 before 1.42. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.42, which fixes the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Calcite Affected: 1.5.0 , < 1.42 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
pyn3rd uname 4ra1n
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-46562 (GCVE-0-2026-46562)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-16 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-16 18:02
VLAI
Title
Yamcs: Remote Code Execution via Mission Database algorithm override
Summary
Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.7, the Nashorn ScriptEngine used to evaluate user-supplied JavaScript algorithm text in yamcs-core/src/main/java/org/yamcs/algorithms/ScriptAlgorithmExecutorFactory.java was constructed without a ClassFilter, so a user with the ChangeMissionDatabase privilege could override an algorithm through the MdbOverrideApi.updateAlgorithm endpoint and supply JavaScript that reaches arbitrary Java classes (for example Java.type("java.lang.Runtime").getRuntime().exec(...)) to execute arbitrary OS commands as the Yamcs process; in the default configuration with no security.yaml the built-in guest user has superuser=true, making the issue reachable without authentication. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.7 and 5.13.0, which disable algorithm editing by default.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
yamcs yamcs Affected: < 5.12.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/releases/tag/yamcs-5.12.7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/releases/tag/yamcs-5.13.0",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/yamcs/yamcs/releases/tag/yamcs-5.13.0"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-vmwp-vh32-rj75",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Yamcs: Remote Code Execution via Mission Database algorithm override"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46562",
    "datePublished": "2026-07-16T16:06:39.148Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-14T20:42:31.370Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-16T18:02:19.337Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.

Mitigation
Implementation

Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.

CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection

An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.