CWE-693
Protection Mechanism Failure
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
CVE-2025-69264 (GCVE-0-2025-69264)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 21:53 – Updated: 2026-02-26 15:04
VLAI
Title
pnpm v10+ Bypass "Dependency lifecycle scripts execution disabled by default"
Summary
pnpm is a package manager. Versions 10.0.0 through 10.25 allow git-hosted dependencies to execute arbitrary code during pnpm install, circumventing the v10 security feature "Dependency lifecycle scripts execution disabled by default". While pnpm v10 blocks postinstall scripts via the onlyBuiltDependencies mechanism, git dependencies can still execute prepare, prepublish, and prepack scripts during the fetch phase, enabling remote code execution without user consent or approval. This issue is fixed in version 10.26.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/security/advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pnpm/pnpm/commit/73cc63504d9bc… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-8656 (GCVE-0-2025-8656)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-06 01:19 – Updated: 2025-08-06 13:49
VLAI
Title
Kenwood DMX958XR Protection Mechanism Failure Software Downgrade Vulnerability
Summary
Kenwood DMX958XR Protection Mechanism Failure Software Downgrade Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to downgrade software on affected installations of Kenwood DMX958XR devices. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the libSystemLib library. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of version information before performing an update. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-26355.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Date Public
2025-08-06 01:14
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CVE-2026-0620 (GCVE-0-2026-0620)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-03 18:05 – Updated: 2026-02-04 20:46
VLAI
Title
L2TP over IPSec Encryption Failure on ArcherAXE75
Summary
When configured as L2TP/IPSec VPN server, Archer AXE75 V1 may accept connections using L2TP without IPSec protection, even when IPSec is enabled. This allows VPN sessions without encryption, exposing data in transit and compromising confidentiality.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/arche… | patch |
| https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/arche… | patch |
| https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4942/ | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | AXE75 |
Affected:
0 , < <1.5.1 Build 20251202
(custom)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-10174 (GCVE-0-2026-10174)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-31 08:00 – Updated: 2026-06-01 14:22
VLAI
Title
Aider-AI Aider Pre-commit Hook args.py protection mechanism
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in Aider-AI Aider 0.86.3. Affected is an unknown function of the file aider/args.py of the component Pre-commit Hook Handler. Such manipulation of the argument git-commit-verify leads to protection mechanism failure. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/367455 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/367455/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-10174 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/819901 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Aider-AI/aider/issues/5057 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/Aider-AI/aider/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-1232 (GCVE-0-2026-1232)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 16:18 – Updated: 2026-02-02 16:35
VLAI
Title
Anti-Tamper Bypass in BeyondTrust Privilege Management for Windows
Summary
A medium-severity vulnerability has been identified in BeyondTrust Privilege Management for Windows versions <=25.7. Under certain conditions, a local authenticated user with elevated privileges may be able to bypass the product’s anti-tamper protections, which could allow access to protected application components and the ability to modify product configuration.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BeyondTrust | Privilege management for Windows |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 25.7
(cpe)
|
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CVE-2026-20824 (GCVE-0-2026-20824)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 17:56 – Updated: 2026-04-01 13:48
VLAI
Title
Windows Remote Assistance Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Windows Remote Assistance allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8783
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8276
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6809
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6809
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6491
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6491
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7623
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7623
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22968
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22968
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8783
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8783
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8276
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8276
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4648
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2092
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32230
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32230
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-01-13 16:00
{
"containers": {
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"product": "Windows 11 Version 24H2",
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"lessThan": "10.0.26100.7623",
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"version": "10.0.26100.0",
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"product": "Windows Server 2012 R2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"product": "Windows Server 2016",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"product": "Windows Server 2019",
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"product": "Windows Server 2022",
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"product": "Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)",
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CVE-2026-21510 (GCVE-0-2026-21510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:25
VLAI
Title
Windows Shell Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Windows Shell allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
22 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8389
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6937
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6937
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6649
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6649
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7840
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7840
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1575
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1575
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25923
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25923
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23022
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23022
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8389
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8389
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4773
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2149
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32370
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32370
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
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CVE-2026-21513 (GCVE-0-2026-21513)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 17:51 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:25
VLAI
Title
MSHTML Framework Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in MSHTML Framework allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2026-2… | |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2026-2… |
Impacted products
22 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8389
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6937
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6937
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6649
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6649
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.7840
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.7840
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1575
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1575
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25923
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25923
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23022
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23022
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8868
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8389
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8389
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4773
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2149
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32370
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32370
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-02-10 16:00
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CVE-2026-22686 (GCVE-0-2026-22686)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 23:11 – Updated: 2026-01-14 14:33
VLAI
Title
Sandbox Escape via Host Error Prototype Chain in enclave-vm
Summary
Enclave is a secure JavaScript sandbox designed for safe AI agent code execution. Prior to 2.7.0, there is a critical sandbox escape vulnerability in enclave-vm that allows untrusted, sandboxed JavaScript code to execute arbitrary code in the host Node.js runtime. When a tool invocation fails, enclave-vm exposes a host-side Error object to sandboxed code. This Error object retains its host realm prototype chain, which can be traversed to reach the host Function constructor. An attacker can intentionally trigger a host error, then climb the prototype chain. Using the host Function constructor, arbitrary JavaScript can be compiled and executed in the host context, fully bypassing the sandbox and granting access to sensitive resources such as process.env, filesystem, and network. This breaks enclave-vm’s core security guarantee of isolating untrusted code. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.0.
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/agentfront/enclave/commit/ed8b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| agentfront | enclave |
Affected:
< 2.7.0
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CVE-2026-22692 (GCVE-0-2026-22692)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:48 – Updated: 2026-04-14 19:42
VLAI
Title
October CMS: Twig Sandbox Bypass via Collection Methods
Summary
October is a Content Management System (CMS) and web platform. Versions prior to 3.7.13 and versions 4.0.0 through 4.1.4 contain a sandbox bypass vulnerability in the optional Twig safe mode feature (CMS_SAFE_MODE). Certain methods on the collect() helper were not properly restricted, allowing authenticated users with template editing permissions to bypass sandbox protections. Exploitation requires authenticated backend access with CMS template editing permissions and only affects installations with CMS_SAFE_MODE enabled (disabled by default). This issue has been fixed in versions 3.7.13 and 4.1.5. To workaround this issue, users can disable CMS_SAFE_MODE if untrusted template editing is not required, and restrict CMS template editing permissions to fully trusted administrators only.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| octobercms | october |
Affected:
< 3.7.13
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.1.5 |
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"dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T19:42:40.460Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "october",
"vendor": "octobercms",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.7.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 4.1.5"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "October is a Content Management System (CMS) and web platform. Versions prior to 3.7.13 and versions 4.0.0 through 4.1.4 contain a sandbox bypass vulnerability in the optional Twig safe mode feature (CMS_SAFE_MODE). Certain methods on the collect() helper were not properly restricted, allowing authenticated users with template editing permissions to bypass sandbox protections. Exploitation requires authenticated backend access with CMS template editing permissions and only affects installations with CMS_SAFE_MODE enabled (disabled by default). This issue has been fixed in versions 3.7.13 and 4.1.5. To workaround this issue, users can disable CMS_SAFE_MODE if untrusted template editing is not required, and restrict CMS template editing permissions to fully trusted administrators only."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-693",
"description": "CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-284",
"description": "CWE-284: Improper Access Control",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T16:48:04.730Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/advisories/GHSA-m5qg-jc75-4jp6",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october/security/advisories/GHSA-m5qg-jc75-4jp6"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-m5qg-jc75-4jp6",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "October CMS: Twig Sandbox Bypass via Collection Methods"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-22692",
"datePublished": "2026-04-14T16:48:04.730Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-08T19:23:09.855Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-14T19:42:40.460Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
['The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.', 'State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.', 'If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.']
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.