CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2026-1125 (GCVE-0-2026-1125)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-18 16:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 08:39
VLAI
Title
D-Link DIR-823X set_wifidog_settings sub_412E7C command injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in D-Link DIR-823X 250416. Affected by this issue is the function sub_412E7C of the file /goform/set_wifidog_settings. Executing a manipulation of the argument wd_enable can lead to command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.341717 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.341717 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.734966 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.743503 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/DavCloudz/cve/blob/main/D-link… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Credits
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CVE-2026-11339 (GCVE-0-2026-11339)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 16:30 – Updated: 2026-06-05 16:30
VLAI
Title
D-Link DWR-M920 formUSSDSetup sub_41CF20 command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DWR-M920 up to 1.1.50. The affected element is the function sub_41CF20 of the file /boafrm/formUSSDSetup. The manipulation of the argument ussdValue results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
Severity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368881 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368881/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11339 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/832579 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/7u7777/Dlink/blob/DWR-M920/for… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-Link | DWR-M920 |
Affected:
1.1.0
Affected: 1.1.1 Affected: 1.1.2 Affected: 1.1.3 Affected: 1.1.4 Affected: 1.1.5 Affected: 1.1.6 Affected: 1.1.7 Affected: 1.1.8 Affected: 1.1.9 Affected: 1.1.10 Affected: 1.1.11 Affected: 1.1.12 Affected: 1.1.13 Affected: 1.1.14 Affected: 1.1.15 Affected: 1.1.16 Affected: 1.1.17 Affected: 1.1.18 Affected: 1.1.19 Affected: 1.1.20 Affected: 1.1.21 Affected: 1.1.22 Affected: 1.1.23 Affected: 1.1.24 Affected: 1.1.25 Affected: 1.1.26 Affected: 1.1.27 Affected: 1.1.28 Affected: 1.1.29 Affected: 1.1.30 Affected: 1.1.31 Affected: 1.1.32 Affected: 1.1.33 Affected: 1.1.34 Affected: 1.1.35 Affected: 1.1.36 Affected: 1.1.37 Affected: 1.1.38 Affected: 1.1.39 Affected: 1.1.40 Affected: 1.1.41 Affected: 1.1.42 Affected: 1.1.43 Affected: 1.1.44 Affected: 1.1.45 Affected: 1.1.46 Affected: 1.1.47 Affected: 1.1.48 Affected: 1.1.49 Affected: 1.1.50 cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dwr-m920:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-11341 (GCVE-0-2026-11341)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 16:45 – Updated: 2026-06-05 19:37
VLAI
Title
D-Link DWR-M920 formIMEISetup sub_412DA0 os command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in D-Link DWR-M920 up to 1.1.50. The impacted element is the function sub_412DA0 of the file /boafrm/formIMEISetup. This manipulation of the argument IMEI_value causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368882 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368882/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11341 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/832593 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/7u7777/Dlink/blob/DWR-M920/for… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-Link | DWR-M920 |
Affected:
1.1.0
Affected: 1.1.1 Affected: 1.1.2 Affected: 1.1.3 Affected: 1.1.4 Affected: 1.1.5 Affected: 1.1.6 Affected: 1.1.7 Affected: 1.1.8 Affected: 1.1.9 Affected: 1.1.10 Affected: 1.1.11 Affected: 1.1.12 Affected: 1.1.13 Affected: 1.1.14 Affected: 1.1.15 Affected: 1.1.16 Affected: 1.1.17 Affected: 1.1.18 Affected: 1.1.19 Affected: 1.1.20 Affected: 1.1.21 Affected: 1.1.22 Affected: 1.1.23 Affected: 1.1.24 Affected: 1.1.25 Affected: 1.1.26 Affected: 1.1.27 Affected: 1.1.28 Affected: 1.1.29 Affected: 1.1.30 Affected: 1.1.31 Affected: 1.1.32 Affected: 1.1.33 Affected: 1.1.34 Affected: 1.1.35 Affected: 1.1.36 Affected: 1.1.37 Affected: 1.1.38 Affected: 1.1.39 Affected: 1.1.40 Affected: 1.1.41 Affected: 1.1.42 Affected: 1.1.43 Affected: 1.1.44 Affected: 1.1.45 Affected: 1.1.46 Affected: 1.1.47 Affected: 1.1.48 Affected: 1.1.49 Affected: 1.1.50 cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dwr-m920:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-11406 (GCVE-0-2026-11406)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-06 09:15 – Updated: 2026-06-06 09:15
VLAI
Title
GL.iNet MT3000 OpenVPN Client Import Workflow ovpnclient.sh command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in GL.iNet MT3000 up to 4.4.5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file ovpnclient.sh of the component OpenVPN Client Import Workflow. This manipulation causes command injection. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 4.9.0_beta3-1012-0513-1778656146 is able to resolve this issue. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor confirms: "This issue has been addressed by implementing malicious checks on OpenVPN configuration files to prevent command injection attacks carried through malicious configuration files."
Severity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368966 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368966/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11406 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/820049 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/tree/main/GL… | exploit |
| https://fw.gl-inet.cn/firmware/mt3000/testing/mt3… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-11408 (GCVE-0-2026-11408)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-06 10:30 – Updated: 2026-06-06 10:30 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
vertex-app vertex Log Viewer Endpoint LogMod.js os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in vertex-app vertex up to 2026.02.12. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file app/model/LogMod.js of the component Log Viewer Endpoint. Such manipulation of the argument req.query leads to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The name of the patch is 805d82e7100d49b79b3beb1b9420e8e458987198. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
Severity
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368967 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/368967/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11408 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/818442 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/menelausx/e632faba4014474… | related |
| https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1DO-kB1eUo… | exploit |
| https://github.com/vertex-app/vertex/commit/805d8… | patch |
| https://github.com/vertex-app/vertex/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vertex-app | vertex |
Affected:
2026.02.0
Affected: 2026.02.1 Affected: 2026.02.2 Affected: 2026.02.3 Affected: 2026.02.4 Affected: 2026.02.5 Affected: 2026.02.6 Affected: 2026.02.7 Affected: 2026.02.8 Affected: 2026.02.9 Affected: 2026.02.10 Affected: 2026.02.11 Affected: 2026.02.12 cpe:2.3:a:vertex-app:vertex:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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{
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{
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{
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CVE-2026-11447 (GCVE-0-2026-11447)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-07 01:15 – Updated: 2026-06-08 13:13
VLAI
Title
GL.iNet GL-MT3000 MTK Backend iwinfo.so iwinfo_backend command injection
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 up to 4.4.5. Impacted is the function iwinfo_backend of the file iwinfo.so of the component MTK Backend. The manipulation of the argument device results in command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 4.7 is recommended to address this issue. Upgrading the affected component is recommended. The vendor confirms: "Starting from version 4.7, SDK has added global protection to intercept malicious injection".
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369067 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369067/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11447 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/824951 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/tree/main/GL… | exploit |
Impacted products
Credits
{
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CVE-2026-11448 (GCVE-0-2026-11448)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-07 02:00 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:25
VLAI
Title
GL.iNet GL-MT3000 Minidlna Service rpc realpath command injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 up to 4.4.5. The affected element is the function realpath of the file /rpc of the component Minidlna Service. This manipulation of the argument kube. set causes command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. Upgrading to version 4.7 is sufficient to fix this issue. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor confirms: "Starting from version 4.7, SDK has added global protection to intercept malicious injection".
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369068 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369068/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11448 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/825212 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/tree/main/GL… | related |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-11449 (GCVE-0-2026-11449)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-07 02:15 – Updated: 2026-06-07 02:15
VLAI
Title
GL.iNet GL-MT3000 LuCI JSON-RPC rpc rpc_sys command injection
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5. The impacted element is the function rpc_sys of the file /cgi-bin/luci/rpc of the component LuCI JSON-RPC Interface. Such manipulation leads to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. Upgrading to version 4.8.1 is sufficient to resolve this issue. Upgrading the affected component is advised. The vendor confirms: "The issue discovered by the vulnerability researcher on older firmware versions(4.4.5) has actually been fixed and mitigated in the new version. According to the latest firmware fixes, by default, firmware versions after 4.7.13 do not install LuCI, so this vulnerability cannot be exploited."
Severity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369069 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369069/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11449 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/825385 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/tree/main/GL… | related |
| https://fw.gl-inet.com/firmware/mt3000/release/mt… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-11450 (GCVE-0-2026-11450)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-07 02:30 – Updated: 2026-06-08 15:30
VLAI
Title
GL.iNet GL-MT3000 Path Normalization dlopen command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5. This affects the function dlopen in the library /usr/lib/oui-httpd/rpc/ of the component Path Normalization Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument dev_name results in command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.7 mitigates this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor confirms: " From version 4.7 onward, we have enabled method‑level validation at the HTTP /rpc layer. nas‑web.eject_disk is no longer in the whitelist of allowed methods. Consequently, directly calling eject_disk through the default /rpc endpoint returns Invalid params, preventing entry into subsequent dangerous functions and blocking the remote exploit chain described in the report."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369070 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369070/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11450 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/825536 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/tree/main/GL… | related |
Impacted products
Credits
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"version": "4.7"
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}
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"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was detected in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5. This affects the function dlopen in the library /usr/lib/oui-httpd/rpc/ of the component Path Normalization Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument dev_name results in command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.7 mitigates this issue. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The vendor confirms: \" From version 4.7 onward, we have enabled method\u2011level validation at the HTTP /rpc layer. nas\u2011web.eject_disk is no longer in the whitelist of allowed methods. Consequently, directly calling eject_disk through the default /rpc endpoint returns Invalid params, preventing entry into subsequent dangerous functions and blocking the remote exploit chain described in the report.\""
}
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369070/cti"
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{
"name": "CVE-2026-11450 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11450"
},
{
"name": "Submit #825536 | GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5 Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
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},
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"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
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"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-06T12:38:37.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
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"title": "GL.iNet GL-MT3000 Path Normalization dlopen command injection"
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CVE-2026-11451 (GCVE-0-2026-11451)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-07 03:00 – Updated: 2026-06-07 03:00
VLAI
Title
GL.iNet GL-MT3000 FTP Protocol glc snprintf command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5. This impacts the function snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/glc of the component FTP Protocol Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument media_dir can lead to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.8.1 will fix this issue. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains: "In version 4.8.1, before writing media_dir to the FTP configuration command, the code escapes single quotes using escape_single_quote(). The payloads in the report—which rely on closing a single quote, appending commands with a semicolon, and commenting out the tail with #—cannot escape execution under the current code path. We also verified this on a GL‑MT3000 device running firmware version 4.8.1 using similar payloads calling the /NAS_API_SET_PROTO_CONFIG interface. Although the interface returned success, the marker file intended to prove command execution was not created; the payload was written into /etc/vsftpd.conf only as ordinary configuration content and did not trigger any shell command execution. Therefore, with the current firmware version and default runtime environment, we could not reproduce the claimed “unauthorized command injection in set_proto_config”."
Severity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369071 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/369071/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11451 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/825563 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/blob/main/GL… | related |
Impacted products
Credits
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:o:gl-inet:gl-mt3000_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"FTP Protocol Handler"
],
"product": "GL-MT3000",
"vendor": "GL.iNet",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.4.5"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "4.8.1"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "strforexc (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "coordinator",
"value": "VulDB CNA Team"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw has been found in GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5. This impacts the function snprintf of the file /cgi-bin/glc of the component FTP Protocol Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument media_dir can lead to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Upgrading to version 4.8.1 will fix this issue. You should upgrade the affected component. The vendor explains: \"In version 4.8.1, before writing media_dir to the FTP configuration command, the code escapes single quotes using escape_single_quote(). The payloads in the report\u2014which rely on closing a single quote, appending commands with a semicolon, and commenting out the tail with #\u2014cannot escape execution under the current code path. We also verified this on a GL\u2011MT3000 device running firmware version 4.8.1 using similar payloads calling the /NAS_API_SET_PROTO_CONFIG interface. Although the interface returned success, the marker file intended to prove command execution was not created; the payload was written into /etc/vsftpd.conf only as ordinary configuration content and did not trigger any shell command execution. Therefore, with the current firmware version and default runtime environment, we could not reproduce the claimed \u201cunauthorized command injection in set_proto_config\u201d.\""
}
],
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"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
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"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:ND/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
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{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
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{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-74",
"description": "Injection",
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"type": "CWE"
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"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-369071 | GL.iNet GL-MT3000 FTP Protocol glc snprintf command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369071"
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{
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"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/369071/cti"
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{
"name": "CVE-2026-11451 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-11451"
},
{
"name": "Submit #825563 | GL.iNet GL-MT3000 4.4.5 Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/825563"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/StrTzz123/iot_vul/blob/main/GL-iNet/MT3000/4.4.5/nas_proto_media_dir_glc_rce/Readme.md"
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"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-06T12:38:40.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
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"title": "GL.iNet GL-MT3000 FTP Protocol glc snprintf command injection"
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.