CWE-77
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2026-41500 (GCVE-0-2026-41500)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 02:53 – Updated: 2026-05-08 23:06
VLAI
Title
electerm has Command Injection Vulnerability via runMac function
Summary
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.3.8, a command injection vulnerability exists in github.com/elcterm/electerm/npm/install.js:150. The runMac() function appends attacker-controlled remote releaseInfo.name directly into an exec("open ...") command without validation. This issue has been patched in version 3.3.8.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/59708… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41501 (GCVE-0-2026-41501)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 02:51 – Updated: 2026-05-08 11:19
VLAI
Title
electerm has Command Injection Vulnerability via runLinux function
Summary
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.3.8, a command injection vulnerability exists in github.com/elcterm/electerm/npm/install.js:130. The runLinux() function appends attacker-controlled remote version strings directly into an exec("rm -rf ...") command without validation. This issue has been patched in version 3.3.8.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/59708… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41611 (GCVE-0-2026-41611)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 16:58 – Updated: 2026-06-05 16:39
VLAI
Title
Visual Studio Code Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of script-related html tags in a web page (basic xss) in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Visual Studio Code |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.119.1
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-05-12 14:00
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CVE-2026-4163 (GCVE-0-2026-4163)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-14 22:32 – Updated: 2026-03-17 14:11
VLAI
Title
Wavlink WL-WN579A3 POST Request wireless.cgi GuestWifi command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 220323. This issue affects the function SetName/GuestWifi of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. Performing a manipulation results in command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351070 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351070 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.765327 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.765328 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Litengzheng/vul_db/blob/main/W… | related |
| https://github.com/Litengzheng/vul_db/blob/main/W… | exploit |
| https://dl.wavlink.com/firmware/RD/WINSTAR_WN579A… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wavlink | WL-WN579A3 |
Affected:
220323
cpe:2.3:o:wavlink:wl-wn579a3_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4164 (GCVE-0-2026-4164)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 03:02 – Updated: 2026-03-17 13:42
VLAI
Title
Wavlink WL-WN578W2 POST Request wireless.cgi GuestWifi command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in Wavlink WL-WN578W2 221110. Impacted is the function Delete_Mac_list/SetName/GuestWifi of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi of the component POST Request Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351071 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351071 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768292 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768293 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768294 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Litengzheng/vul_db/blob/main/W… | related |
| https://github.com/Litengzheng/vul_db/blob/main/W… | exploit |
| https://dl.wavlink.com/firmware/RD/WINSTAR_WN578W… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wavlink | WL-WN578W2 |
Affected:
221110
cpe:2.3:o:wavlink:wl-wn578w2_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4170 (GCVE-0-2026-4170)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 07:02 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:41
VLAI
Title
Topsec TopACM HTTP Request nmc_sync.php os command injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Topsec TopACM 3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /view/systemConfig/management/nmc_sync.php of the component HTTP Request Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument template_path can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351077 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351077 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769768 | third-party-advisory |
| https://my.feishu.cn/docx/EAFFdhzoeodDxfxeazNcxBz… | exploit |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4192 (GCVE-0-2026-4192)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 20:32 – Updated: 2026-03-16 20:10
VLAI
Title
AvinashBole quip-mcp-server index.ts setupToolHandlers command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in AvinashBole quip-mcp-server 1.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setupToolHandlers of the file src/index.ts. Such manipulation leads to command injection. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351099 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351099 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.770616 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/AvinashBole/quip-mcp-server/issues/4 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/2571654… | exploit |
| https://github.com/AvinashBole/quip-mcp-server/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AvinashBole | quip-mcp-server |
Affected:
1.0.0
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-4195 (GCVE-0-2026-4195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 23:02 – Updated: 2026-03-16 14:40
VLAI
Title
D-Link DNS-1550-04 wizard_mgr.cgi command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This affects an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/wizard_mgr.cgi. Executing a manipulation can lead to command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351107 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351107 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769854 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Li… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-Link | DNS-120 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNR-202L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-315L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-320 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-320L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-320LW |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-321 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNR-322L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-323 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-325 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-326 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-327L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNR-326 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-340L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-343 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-345 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-726-4 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-1100-4 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-1200-05 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-1550-04 |
Affected:
20260205
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-41953 (GCVE-0-2026-41953)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-14 03:56
VLAI
Title
BIG-IP Privilege Escalation vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in BIG-IP systems where a highly privileged, authenticated attacker with at least the Resource Administrator role can modify configuration objects resulting in privilege escalation. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000160975 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-13 14:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-4196 (GCVE-0-2026-4196)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-15 23:32 – Updated: 2026-03-16 14:40
VLAI
Title
D-Link DNS-1550-04 remote_backup.cgi cgi_set_rsync_server command injection
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_recovery/cgi_backup_now/cgi_set_schedule/cgi_set_rsync_server of the file /cgi-bin/remote_backup.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.351108 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351108 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769855 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769856 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769857 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.769858 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Li… | related |
| https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Li… | exploit |
| https://www.dlink.com/ | product |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| D-Link | DNS-120 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNR-202L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-315L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-320 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-320L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-320LW |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-321 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNR-322L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-323 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-325 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-326 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-327L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNR-326 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-340L |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-343 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-345 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-726-4 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-1100-4 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-1200-05 |
Affected:
20260205
|
|
| D-Link | DNS-1550-04 |
Affected:
20260205
|
Credits
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]
},
{
"product": "DNS-726-4",
"vendor": "D-Link",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "20260205"
}
]
},
{
"product": "DNS-1100-4",
"vendor": "D-Link",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "20260205"
}
]
},
{
"product": "DNS-1200-05",
"vendor": "D-Link",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "20260205"
}
]
},
{
"product": "DNS-1550-04",
"vendor": "D-Link",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "20260205"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "pjq123 (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. This impacts the function cgi_recovery/cgi_backup_now/cgi_set_schedule/cgi_set_rsync_server of the file /cgi-bin/remote_backup.cgi. The manipulation leads to command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 6.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 6.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-77",
"description": "Command Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-74",
"description": "Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-15T23:32:11.114Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-351108 | D-Link DNS-1550-04 remote_backup.cgi cgi_set_rsync_server command injection",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351108"
},
{
"name": "VDB-351108 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351108"
},
{
"name": "Submit #769855 | D-Link DNS-120\u3001DNR-202L\u3001DNS-315L\u3001DNS-320\u3001DNS-320L\u3001DNS-320LW\u3001DNS-321\u3001DNR-322L\u3001DNS-323\u3001DNS-325\u3001DNS-326\u3001DNS-327L\u3001DNR-326\u3001DNS-340L\u3001DNS-343\u3001 up to 20260205 Command Injection",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769855"
},
{
"name": "Submit #769856 | D-Link DNS-120/202L/315L/320/320L/320LW/321/322L/323/325/326/327L/340L/343/345/726-4/1100-4/1200-05/1550-04 up to 20260205 Command Injection (Duplicate)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769856"
},
{
"name": "Submit #769857 | D-Link DNS-120/202L/315L/320/320L/320LW/321/322L/323/325/326/327L/340L/343/345/726-4/1100-4/1200-05/1550-04 up to 20260205 Command Injection (Duplicate)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769857"
},
{
"name": "Submit #769858 | D-Link DNS-120/202L/315L/320/320L/320LW/321/322L/323/325/326/327L/340L/343/345/726-4/1100-4/1200-05/1550-04 up to 20260205 Command Injection (Duplicate)",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.769858"
},
{
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_98/98.md"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_99/99.md"
},
{
"tags": [
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],
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-15T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-15T01:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-03-15T09:28:01.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "D-Link DNS-1550-04 remote_backup.cgi cgi_set_rsync_server command injection"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-4196",
"datePublished": "2026-03-15T23:32:11.114Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-03-15T08:22:51.610Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-03-16T14:40:35.989Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Description:
- Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.