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CWE-78
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2026-3692 (GCVE-0-2026-3692)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 13:27 – Updated: 2026-04-03 03:55
VLAI
Title
Unintended command execution during report generation in Progress Flowmon
Summary
In Progress Flowmon versions prior to 12.5.8, a vulnerability exists whereby an authenticated low-privileged user may craft a request during the report generation process that results in unintended commands being executed on the server.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://community.progress.com/s/article/CVE-2026… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progress Software | Flowmon |
Affected:
Flowmon 12 versions prior to 12.5.8
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-3696 (GCVE-0-2026-3696)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-08 00:32 – Updated: 2026-03-11 16:27
VLAI
Title
Totolink N300RH CGI cstecgi.cgi setWiFiWpsConfig os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Totolink N300RH 6..1c.1353_B20190305. The affected element is the function setWiFiWpsConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. Performing a manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.349642 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349642 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.765681 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/JXBbozaihuang/vuln-research/issues/2 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.totolink.net/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-3820 (GCVE-0-2026-3820)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-04 08:07 – Updated: 2026-06-05 03:55
VLAI
Title
Supermicro BMC's SMTP service contains a command injection vulnerability
Summary
There is a vulnerability in the Supermicro BMC SMTP service at Supermicro AS-2115HS-TNR.
An attacker may obtain administrator privileges and inject specially crafted characters into the SMTP service configuration. This may cause the underlying system to execute unintended commands during process invocation.
Potential impact includes denial-of-service attacks, arbitrary code execution, or permanent compromise of the controller.
Severity
7.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SMCI | AS-2115HS-TNR |
Affected:
01.08.01
Affected: 01.06.04 |
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CVE-2026-3841 (GCVE-0-2026-3841)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 17:25 – Updated: 2026-03-13 14:35
VLAI
Title
Command Injection Vulnerability in Telnet CLI on TP-Link TL-MR6400
Summary
A command injection vulnerability has been identified in the Telnet command-line interface (CLI) of TP-Link TL-MR6400 v5.3. This issue is caused by insufficient sanitization of data processed during specific CLI operations. An authenticated attacker with elevated privileges may be able to execute arbitrary system commands. Successful exploitation may lead to full device compromise, including potential loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/tl-mr… | patch |
| https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5016/ | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TP-Link Systems Inc. | TL-MR6400 v5.3 |
Affected:
0 , < 1.9.0 Build 260108
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-39382 (GCVE-0-2026-39382)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-07 19:56 – Updated: 2026-04-08 16:14
VLAI
Title
dbt has a Command Injection in Reusable Workflow via Unsanitized comment-body Output
Summary
dbt enables data analysts and engineers to transform their data using the same practices that software engineers use to build applications. Inside the reusable workflow dbt-labs/actions/blob/main/.github/workflows/open-issue-in-repo.yml, the prep job uses peter-evans/find-comment to search for an existing comment indicating that a docs issue has already been opened. The output steps.issue_comment.outputs.comment-body is then interpolated directly into a bash if statement. Because comment-body is attacker-controlled text and is inserted into shell syntax without escaping, a malicious comment body can break out of the quoted string and inject arbitrary shell commands. This vulnerability is fixed with commit bbed8d28354e9c644c5a7df13946a3a0451f9ab9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dbt-labs/actions/commit/bbed8d… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-39417 (GCVE-0-2026-39417)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 00:03 – Updated: 2026-04-14 13:34
VLAI
Title
MaxKB: RCE via MCP stdio command injection in workflow engine
Summary
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Versions 2.7.1 and below contain an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-53928, where a Remote Code Execution vulnerability still exists in the MCP node of the workflow engine. MaxKB only restricts the referencing code path (loading MCP config from the database). The else branch, responsible for loading mcp_servers directly from user-supplied JSON remains completely unpatched. Since mcp_source is an optional field (required=False), an attacker can simply omit it or set it to any non-referencing value to bypass the fix. By calling the workflow creation API directly with a crafted JSON payload, an attacker can inject a complete MCP node configuration with stdio transport, arbitrary command, and args — achieving RCE when the workflow is triggered via chat. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/50e960… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.8.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Panel-dev | MaxKB |
Affected:
< 2.8.0
|
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CVE-2026-39420 (GCVE-0-2026-39420)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 00:13 – Updated: 2026-04-16 13:26
VLAI
Title
MaxKB: Sandbox escape via LD_PRELOAD bypass
Summary
MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. In versions 2.7.1 and below, an incomplete sandbox protection mechanism allows an authenticated user with tool execution privileges to escape the LD_PRELOAD-based sandbox. By env command the attacker can clear the environment variables and drop the sandbox.so hook, leading to unrestricted Remote Code Execution (RCE) and network access. MaxKB restricts untrusted Python code execution via the Tool Debug API by injecting sandbox.so through the LD_PRELOAD environment variable. This intercepts sensitive C library functions (like execve, socket, open) to restrict network and file access. However, a patch allowed the /usr/bin/env utility to be executed by the sandboxed user. When an attacker is permitted to create subprocesses, they can execute the env -i python command. The -i flag instructs env to completely clear all environment variables before running the target program. This effectively drops the LD_PRELOAD environment variable. The newly spawned Python process will therefore execute natively without any sandbox hooks, bypassing all network and file system restrictions. This issue has been fixed in version 2.8.0.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/2d17b0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.8.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Panel-dev | MaxKB |
Affected:
< 2.8.0
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CVE-2026-3959 (GCVE-0-2026-3959)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 21:32 – Updated: 2026-03-12 19:28
VLAI
Title
0xKoda WireMCP Tshark CLI index.js server.tool os command injection
Summary
A vulnerability was found in 0xKoda WireMCP up to 7f45f8b2b4adeb76be8c6227eefb38533fdd6b1e. Impacted is the function server.tool of the file index.js of the component Tshark CLI Command Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product utilizes a rolling release system for continuous delivery, and as such, version information for affected or updated releases is not disclosed. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.350389 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.350389 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768129 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/0xKoda/WireMCP/issues/12 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/2557131… | exploit |
| https://github.com/0xKoda/WireMCP/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-3964 (GCVE-0-2026-3964)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 23:02 – Updated: 2026-03-12 13:29
VLAI
Title
OpenAkita Chat API Endpoint shell.py run os command injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in OpenAkita up to 1.24.3. This impacts the function run of the file src/openakita/tools/shell.py of the component Chat API Endpoint. Executing a manipulation of the argument Message can lead to os command injection. The attack is restricted to local execution. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.350393 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.350393 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.768692 | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.notion.so/OpenAkita-Local-Privilege-E… | exploit |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-39808 (GCVE-0-2026-39808)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 15:38 – Updated: 2026-04-22 13:56
VLAI
Summary
A improper neutralization of special elements used in an os command ('os command injection') vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSandbox 4.4.0 through 4.4.8 may allow attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via <insert attack vector here>
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-78 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiSandbox |
Affected:
4.4.0 , ≤ 4.4.8
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandbox:4.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Fortinet | FortiSandbox PaaS |
Affected:
23.4.4374
Affected: 23.4.4350 Affected: 23.3.4329 Affected: 23.1.4245 Affected: 22.2.4151 Affected: 22.2.4134 Affected: 22.1.4113 Affected: 21.4.4072 Affected: 21.3.4055 cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:23.4.4374:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:23.4.4350:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:23.3.4329:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:23.1.4245:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:22.2.4151:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:22.2.4134:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:22.1.4113:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:21.4.4072:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisandboxpaas:21.3.4055:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation ID: MIT-22
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Description:
- For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
Mitigation ID: MIT-15
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
Mitigation ID: MIT-28
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- If the program to be executed allows arguments to be specified within an input file or from standard input, then consider using that mode to pass arguments instead of the command line.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
Description:
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- Some languages offer multiple functions that can be used to invoke commands. Where possible, identify any function that invokes a command shell using a single string, and replace it with a function that requires individual arguments. These functions typically perform appropriate quoting and filtering of arguments. For example, in C, the system() function accepts a string that contains the entire command to be executed, whereas execl(), execve(), and others require an array of strings, one for each argument. In Windows, CreateProcess() only accepts one command at a time. In Perl, if system() is provided with an array of arguments, then it will quote each of the arguments.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When constructing OS command strings, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. This will indirectly limit the scope of an attack, but this technique is less important than proper output encoding and escaping.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing OS command injection, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent OS command injection, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, when invoking a mail program, you might need to allow the subject field to contain otherwise-dangerous inputs like ";" and ">" characters, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the character might reduce the risk of OS command injection, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the subject field would not be recorded as the user intended. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it could be more important when the program relies on well-structured subject lines in order to pass messages to other components.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Mitigation ID: MIT-21
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
Description:
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-32
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation ID: MIT-39
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of OS Command Injection, error information passed back to the user might reveal whether an OS command is being executed and possibly which command is being used.
Mitigation
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
Description:
- Use runtime policy enforcement to create an allowlist of allowable commands, then prevent use of any command that does not appear in the allowlist. Technologies such as AppArmor are available to do this.
Mitigation ID: MIT-29
Phase: Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Description:
- Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation ID: MIT-17
Phases: Architecture and Design, Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation ID: MIT-16
Phases: Operation, Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Description:
- When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-108: Command Line Execution through SQL Injection
An attacker uses standard SQL injection methods to inject data into the command line for execution. This could be done directly through misuse of directives such as MSSQL_xp_cmdshell or indirectly through injection of data into the database that would be interpreted as shell commands. Sometime later, an unscrupulous backend application (or could be part of the functionality of the same application) fetches the injected data stored in the database and uses this data as command line arguments without performing proper validation. The malicious data escapes that data plane by spawning new commands to be executed on the host.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection
An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.
CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection
In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.