CVE-2018-13093 (GCVE-0-2018-13093)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-03 05:00 – Updated: 2024-08-05 08:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in lookup_slow() on a NULL inode->i_ops pointer when doing pathwalks on a corrupted xfs image. This occurs because of a lack of proper validation that cached inodes are free during allocation.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- n/a
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.g… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/ | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU |
| https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/ | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_UBUNTU |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020… | mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST |
Date Public
2018-07-03 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T08:52:50.331Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2019:2043",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2019:2029",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"name": "USN-4094-1",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_UBUNTU",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"name": "USN-4118-1",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_UBUNTU",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
},
{
"name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20200302 [SECURITY] [DLA 2114-1] linux-4.9 security update",
"tags": [
"mailing-list",
"x_refsource_MLIST",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "n/a",
"vendor": "n/a",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "n/a"
}
]
}
],
"datePublic": "2018-07-03T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in lookup_slow() on a NULL inode-\u003ei_ops pointer when doing pathwalks on a corrupted xfs image. This occurs because of a lack of proper validation that cached inodes are free during allocation."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "n/a",
"lang": "en",
"type": "text"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2020-03-02T19:06:10.000Z",
"orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"shortName": "mitre"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2019:2043",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2019:2029",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"name": "USN-4094-1",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_UBUNTU"
],
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"name": "USN-4118-1",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_UBUNTU"
],
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
},
{
"name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20200302 [SECURITY] [DLA 2114-1] linux-4.9 security update",
"tags": [
"mailing-list",
"x_refsource_MLIST"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
}
],
"x_legacyV4Record": {
"CVE_data_meta": {
"ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
"ID": "CVE-2018-13093",
"STATE": "PUBLIC"
},
"affects": {
"vendor": {
"vendor_data": [
{
"product": {
"product_data": [
{
"product_name": "n/a",
"version": {
"version_data": [
{
"version_value": "n/a"
}
]
}
}
]
},
"vendor_name": "n/a"
}
]
}
},
"data_format": "MITRE",
"data_type": "CVE",
"data_version": "4.0",
"description": {
"description_data": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in lookup_slow() on a NULL inode-\u003ei_ops pointer when doing pathwalks on a corrupted xfs image. This occurs because of a lack of proper validation that cached inodes are free during allocation."
}
]
},
"problemtype": {
"problemtype_data": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "eng",
"value": "n/a"
}
]
}
]
},
"references": {
"reference_data": [
{
"name": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"name": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367",
"refsource": "MISC",
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2019:2043",
"refsource": "REDHAT",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"name": "RHSA-2019:2029",
"refsource": "REDHAT",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"name": "USN-4094-1",
"refsource": "UBUNTU",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"name": "USN-4118-1",
"refsource": "UBUNTU",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
},
{
"name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20200302 [SECURITY] [DLA 2114-1] linux-4.9 security update",
"refsource": "MLIST",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
}
]
}
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
"assignerShortName": "mitre",
"cveId": "CVE-2018-13093",
"datePublished": "2018-07-03T05:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2018-07-03T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T08:52:50.331Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2018-13093",
"date": "2026-10-15",
"epss": "0.01725",
"percentile": "0.771"
},
"fkie_nvd": {
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "C6ECF5D0-AFCC-470A-9D01-4A372C09556D",
"versionEndIncluding": "4.17.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in lookup_slow() on a NULL inode-\u003ei_ops pointer when doing pathwalks on a corrupted xfs image. This occurs because of a lack of proper validation that cached inodes are free during allocation."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Se ha descubierto un problema en fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c en el kernel de Linux hasta la versi\u00f3n 4.17.3. Existe una desreferencia de puntero NULL y p\u00e1nico en lookup_slow() en un puntero NULL inode-\u003ei_ops cuando se navega por rutas en una imagen xfs corrupta. Esto ocurre a causa de la ausencia de una validaci\u00f3n correcta de que los inodes en cach\u00e9 est\u00e9n libres durante la asignaci\u00f3n."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2018-13093",
"lastModified": "2024-11-21T03:46:24.960",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV2": [
{
"acInsufInfo": false,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"cvssData": {
"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM",
"accessVector": "NETWORK",
"authentication": "NONE",
"availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 8.6,
"impactScore": 2.9,
"obtainAllPrivilege": false,
"obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
"obtainUserPrivilege": false,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary",
"userInteractionRequired": true
}
],
"cvssMetricV30": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2018-07-03T10:29:00.223",
"references": [
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-476"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "C6ECF5D0-AFCC-470A-9D01-4A372C09556D",
"versionEndIncluding": "4.17.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An issue was discovered in fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c in the Linux kernel through 4.17.3. There is a NULL pointer dereference and panic in lookup_slow() on a NULL inode-\u003ei_ops pointer when doing pathwalks on a corrupted xfs image. This occurs because of a lack of proper validation that cached inodes are free during allocation."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Se ha descubierto un problema en fs/xfs/xfs_icache.c en el kernel de Linux hasta la versi\u00f3n 4.17.3. Existe una desreferencia de puntero NULL y p\u00e1nico en lookup_slow() en un puntero NULL inode-\u003ei_ops cuando se navega por rutas en una imagen xfs corrupta. Esto ocurre a causa de la ausencia de una validaci\u00f3n correcta de que los inodes en cach\u00e9 est\u00e9n libres durante la asignaci\u00f3n."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2018-13093",
"lastModified": "2024-11-21T03:46:24.960",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV2": [
{
"acInsufInfo": false,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"cvssData": {
"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM",
"accessVector": "NETWORK",
"authentication": "NONE",
"availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
"baseScore": 4.3,
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P",
"version": "2.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 8.6,
"impactScore": 2.9,
"obtainAllPrivilege": false,
"obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
"obtainUserPrivilege": false,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary",
"userInteractionRequired": true
}
],
"cvssMetricV30": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.0"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2018-07-03T10:29:00.223",
"references": [
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"source": "cve@mitre.org",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2029"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2043"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Issue Tracking",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199367"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux.git/commit/?h=for-next\u0026id=afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/afca6c5b2595fc44383919fba740c194b0b76aff"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00001.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1/"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1/"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-476"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Low",
"current_release_date": "2026-06-28T11:10:35+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2018-13093",
"id": "CVE-2018-13093",
"initial_release_date": "2018-04-12T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "204",
"product_status:known_affected": "28",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "47",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: NULL pointer dereference in lookup_slow function",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2018/cve-2018-13093.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-03T00:56:15Z",
"cve": "CVE-2018-13093",
"id": "CVE-2018-13093",
"initial_release_date": "2023-02-15T04:26:08Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "40",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "295",
"product_status:recommended": "649",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2018-13093",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2018-13093.json",
"version": "22"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.