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CVE-2018-18440
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
▼ | URL | Tags | |
---|---|---|---|
cve@mitre.org | http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2 | Exploit, Mailing List, Mitigation, Third Party Advisory | |
cve@mitre.org | https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf |
{ "containers": { "adp": [ { "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T11:08:21.824Z", "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE" }, "references": [ { "name": "[oss-security] 20181102 CVE-2018-18439, CVE-2018-18440 - U-Boot verified boot bypass vulnerabilities", "tags": [ "mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred" ], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2" }, { "tags": [ "x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred" ], "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" } ], "title": "CVE Program Container" } ], "cna": { "affected": [ { "product": "n/a", "vendor": "n/a", "versions": [ { "status": "affected", "version": "n/a" } ] } ], "datePublic": "2018-11-02T00:00:00", "descriptions": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled." } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "description": "n/a", "lang": "en", "type": "text" } ] } ], "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2019-12-10T13:06:03", "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "shortName": "mitre" }, "references": [ { "name": "[oss-security] 20181102 CVE-2018-18439, CVE-2018-18440 - U-Boot verified boot bypass vulnerabilities", "tags": [ "mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST" ], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2" }, { "tags": [ "x_refsource_CONFIRM" ], "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" } ], "x_legacyV4Record": { "CVE_data_meta": { "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org", "ID": "CVE-2018-18440", "STATE": "PUBLIC" }, "affects": { "vendor": { "vendor_data": [ { "product": { "product_data": [ { "product_name": "n/a", "version": { "version_data": [ { "version_value": "n/a" } ] } } ] }, "vendor_name": "n/a" } ] } }, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": { "description_data": [ { "lang": "eng", "value": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled." } ] }, "problemtype": { "problemtype_data": [ { "description": [ { "lang": "eng", "value": "n/a" } ] } ] }, "references": { "reference_data": [ { "name": "[oss-security] 20181102 CVE-2018-18439, CVE-2018-18440 - U-Boot verified boot bypass vulnerabilities", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2" }, { "name": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" } ] } } } }, "cveMetadata": { "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "assignerShortName": "mitre", "cveId": "CVE-2018-18440", "datePublished": "2018-11-20T19:00:00", "dateReserved": "2018-10-17T00:00:00", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T11:08:21.824Z", "state": "PUBLISHED" }, "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1", "meta": { "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2018-18440\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2018-11-20T19:29:00.667\",\"lastModified\":\"2019-12-10T14:15:11.937\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"DENX U-Boot hasta el 2018.09-rc1 tiene un desbordamiento de b\u00fafer explotable de forma local mediante una imagen del kernel manipulada debido a que la carga del sistema de archivos se gestiona de manera incorrecta.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV30\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C\",\"accessVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"accessComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"baseScore\":7.2},\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":10.0,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-119\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:denx:u-boot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndIncluding\":\"2018.07\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F35CB70F-CD3F-4E4B-A967-40D090F9E070\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:denx:u-boot:2018.09:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D14862ED-DC24-4B28-B234-6539AFE88408\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Mailing List\",\"Mitigation\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"}]}}" } }
ghsa-2q5w-j6vh-gmvc
Vulnerability from github
DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.
{ "affected": [], "aliases": [ "CVE-2018-18440" ], "database_specific": { "cwe_ids": [ "CWE-119" ], "github_reviewed": false, "github_reviewed_at": null, "nvd_published_at": "2018-11-20T19:29:00Z", "severity": "HIGH" }, "details": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.", "id": "GHSA-2q5w-j6vh-gmvc", "modified": "2022-05-13T01:30:22Z", "published": "2022-05-13T01:30:22Z", "references": [ { "type": "ADVISORY", "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-18440" }, { "type": "WEB", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" }, { "type": "WEB", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2" } ], "schema_version": "1.4.0", "severity": [ { "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "type": "CVSS_V3" } ] }
icsa-19-344-03
Vulnerability from csaf_cisa
Notes
{ "document": { "acknowledgments": [ { "organization": "Siemens", "summary": "reporting these vulnerabilities to CISA" } ], "category": "csaf_security_advisory", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "text": "Disclosure is not limited", "tlp": { "label": "WHITE", "url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/" } }, "lang": "en-US", "notes": [ { "category": "general", "text": "This CSAF advisory was extracted from unstructured data and may contain inaccuracies. If you notice any errors, please reach out to the designated contact at CISA CSAF: central@cisa.dhs.gov", "title": "CISA Disclaimer" }, { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided \"as is\" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/.", "title": "Legal Notice" }, { "category": "summary", "text": "Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow a denial-of-service condition or arbitrary code execution.", "title": "Risk evaluation" }, { "category": "other", "text": "Energy, Healthcare and Public Health, Transportation Systems", "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors" }, { "category": "other", "text": "Worldwide", "title": "Countries/areas deployed" }, { "category": "other", "text": "Germany", "title": "Company headquarters location" }, { "category": "general", "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should:", "title": "Recommended Practices" }, { "category": "general", "text": "CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.\nCISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage onus-cert.gov. Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.", "title": "Recommended Practices" }, { "category": "general", "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov in the Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.\nOrganizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.", "title": "Recommended Practices" }, { "category": "general", "text": "For further inquiries on security vulnerabilities in Siemens products and solutions, please contact the Siemens ProductCERT: https://www.siemens.com/cert/advisories", "title": "Additional Resources" }, { "category": "other", "text": "No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely.", "title": "Exploitability" } ], "publisher": { "category": "coordinator", "contact_details": "Email: CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov;\n Toll Free: 1-888-282-0870", "name": "CISA", "namespace": "https://www.cisa.gov/" }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "SSA-618620 Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - CSAF Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/csaf/ssa-618620.json" }, { "category": "self", "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-19-344-03 JSON", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2019/icsa-19-344-03.json" }, { "category": "self", "summary": "ICS Advisory ICSA-19-344-03 Web Version", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-19-344-03" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Recommended Practices", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-19-344-03" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Recommended Practices", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "Recommended Practices", "url": "https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "SSA-618620 Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - PDF Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "SSA-618620 Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - TXT Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/txt/ssa-618620.txt" } ], "title": "Siemens RUGGEDCOM ROS (Update A)", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00.000000Z", "generator": { "engine": { "name": "CISA CSAF Generator", "version": "1.0.0" } }, "id": "ICSA-19-344-03", "initial_release_date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00.000000Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00.000000Z", "legacy_version": "Initial", "number": "1", "summary": "ICSA-19-344-03 Siemens RUGGEDCOM ROS" } ], "status": "final", "version": "1" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RMC8388", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0001" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RMC8388" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "\u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0002" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0003" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG2488" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG900C", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0004" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG900C" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG900R", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0005" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG900R" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG907R", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0006" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG907R" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG908C", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0007" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG908C" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG909R", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0008" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG909R" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG910C", "product_id": "CSAFPID-0009" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG910C" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "\u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P", "product_id": "CSAFPID-00010" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P", "product_id": "CSAFPID-00011" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSG920P" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSL910", "product_id": "CSAFPID-00012" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RSL910" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "\u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228", "product_id": "CSAFPID-00013" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228", "product_id": "CSAFPID-00014" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM ROS RST2228" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "Siemens" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2018-18440", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-119", "name": "Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer" }, "notes": [ { "category": "summary", "text": "The embedded DENX U-Boot boot loader has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.\n\nThe security vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with local access to the affected systems. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise confidentiality, integrity and availability of the system.\n\nAt the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.\nCVE-2018-18440 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).", "title": "Summary" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-0001", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-0004", "CSAFPID-0005", "CSAFPID-0006", "CSAFPID-0007", "CSAFPID-0008", "CSAFPID-0009", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00012", "CSAFPID-00014" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov", "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2018-18440" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "www.first.org", "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H" } ], "remediations": [ { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Disable boot interface access during boot up via the \u0027bootoption.txt\u0027\nfile parameter \u0027Security = yes\u0027 to mitigate CVE-2018-18440.", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-0001", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-0004", "CSAFPID-0005", "CSAFPID-0006", "CSAFPID-0007", "CSAFPID-0008", "CSAFPID-0009", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00012", "CSAFPID-00014" ] }, { "category": "no_fix_planned", "details": "Currently no fix is planned", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-0001", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-0004", "CSAFPID-0005", "CSAFPID-0006", "CSAFPID-0007", "CSAFPID-0008", "CSAFPID-0009", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00012", "CSAFPID-00014" ] }, { "category": "mitigation", "details": "As a general security measure, Siemens strongly recommends to protect\nnetwork access to devices with appropriate mechanisms. In order to\noperate the devices in a protected IT environment, Siemens recommends\nto configure the environment according to Siemens\u0027 operational\nguidelines for Industrial Security (Download:\nhttps://www.siemens.com/cert/operational-guidelines-industrial-\nsecurity), and to follow the recommendations in the product manuals.\n\nAdditional information on Industrial Security by Siemens can be found\nat: https://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-0001", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-0004", "CSAFPID-0005", "CSAFPID-0006", "CSAFPID-0007", "CSAFPID-0008", "CSAFPID-0009", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00012", "CSAFPID-00014" ] } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C", "version": "3.1" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-0001", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-0004", "CSAFPID-0005", "CSAFPID-0006", "CSAFPID-0007", "CSAFPID-0008", "CSAFPID-0009", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00012", "CSAFPID-00014" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2018-18440" }, { "cve": "CVE-2019-13103", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-674", "name": "Uncontrolled Recursion" }, "notes": [ { "category": "summary", "text": "The embedded DENX U-Boot boot loader has a physically exploitable vulnerability. A crafted self-referential DOS partition table will cause the bootloader to infinitely recurse, causing the stack to grow infinitely and eventually crash.\n\nThe security vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with physical access to the affected systems. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise the availability of the system.\n\nAt the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.\nCVE-2019-13103 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).", "title": "Summary" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "CSAFPID-0002", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-00010", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00013", "CSAFPID-00014" ] }, "references": [ { "category": "external", "summary": "web.nvd.nist.gov", "url": "http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2019-13103" }, { "category": "external", "summary": "www.first.org", "url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H" } ], "remediations": [ { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Disable access to the removable media via \u0027bootoption.txt\u0027 file\nparameter \u0027Disableautoaccessremovable = Yes\u0027 to mitigate\nCVE-2019-13103. Note that this vulnerability only applies to RUGGEDCOM\nROS, if the device boots from removable media.", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-0002", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-00010", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00013", "CSAFPID-00014" ] }, { "category": "no_fix_planned", "details": "Currently no fix is planned", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-0002", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-00010", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00013", "CSAFPID-00014" ] }, { "category": "mitigation", "details": "As a general security measure, Siemens strongly recommends to protect\nnetwork access to devices with appropriate mechanisms. In order to\noperate the devices in a protected IT environment, Siemens recommends\nto configure the environment according to Siemens\u0027 operational\nguidelines for Industrial Security (Download:\nhttps://www.siemens.com/cert/operational-guidelines-industrial-\nsecurity), and to follow the recommendations in the product manuals.\n\nAdditional information on Industrial Security by Siemens can be found\nat: https://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity", "product_ids": [ "CSAFPID-0002", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-00010", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00013", "CSAFPID-00014" ] } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "baseScore": 4.6, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C", "version": "3.1" }, "products": [ "CSAFPID-0002", "CSAFPID-0003", "CSAFPID-00010", "CSAFPID-00011", "CSAFPID-00013", "CSAFPID-00014" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2019-13103" } ] }
var-201811-0057
Vulnerability from variot
DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled. DENX U-Boot Contains a buffer error vulnerability.Information is obtained, information is altered, and service operation is disrupted (DoS) There is a possibility of being put into a state. Das U-Boot is prone to multiple local arbitrary code-execution vulnerabilities. Attackers can exploit these issues to execute arbitrary code in the context of the U-Boot instance. Failed exploit attempts will likely cause a denial-of-service condition
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DENX U-Boot Contains a buffer error vulnerability.Information is obtained, information is altered, and service operation is disrupted (DoS) There is a possibility of being put into a state. Das U-Boot is prone to multiple local arbitrary code-execution vulnerabilities. \nAttackers can exploit these issues to execute arbitrary code in the context of the U-Boot instance. 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0.6 } }
gsd-2018-18440
Vulnerability from gsd
{ "GSD": { "alias": "CVE-2018-18440", "description": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.", "id": "GSD-2018-18440", "references": [ "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2018-18440.html" ] }, "gsd": { "metadata": { "exploitCode": "unknown", "remediation": "unknown", "reportConfidence": "confirmed", "type": "vulnerability" }, "osvSchema": { "aliases": [ "CVE-2018-18440" ], "details": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.", "id": "GSD-2018-18440", "modified": "2023-12-13T01:22:35.880689Z", "schema_version": "1.4.0" } }, "namespaces": { "cve.org": { "CVE_data_meta": { "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org", "ID": "CVE-2018-18440", "STATE": "PUBLIC" }, "affects": { "vendor": { "vendor_data": [ { "product": { "product_data": [ { "product_name": "n/a", "version": { "version_data": [ { "version_value": "n/a" } ] } } ] }, "vendor_name": "n/a" } ] } }, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": { "description_data": [ { "lang": "eng", "value": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled." } ] }, "problemtype": { "problemtype_data": [ { "description": [ { "lang": "eng", "value": "n/a" } ] } ] }, "references": { "reference_data": [ { "name": "[oss-security] 20181102 CVE-2018-18439, CVE-2018-18440 - U-Boot verified boot bypass vulnerabilities", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2" }, { "name": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" } ] } }, "nvd.nist.gov": { "configurations": { "CVE_data_version": "4.0", "nodes": [ { "children": [], "cpe_match": [ { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:denx:u-boot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "versionEndIncluding": "2018.07", "vulnerable": true }, { "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:denx:u-boot:2018.09:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe_name": [], "vulnerable": true } ], "operator": "OR" } ] }, "cve": { "CVE_data_meta": { "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org", "ID": "CVE-2018-18440" }, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": { "description_data": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "DENX U-Boot through 2018.09-rc1 has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled." } ] }, "problemtype": { "problemtype_data": [ { "description": [ { "lang": "en", "value": "CWE-119" } ] } ] }, "references": { "reference_data": [ { "name": "[oss-security] 20181102 CVE-2018-18439, CVE-2018-18440 - U-Boot verified boot bypass vulnerabilities", "refsource": "MLIST", "tags": [ "Exploit", "Mailing List", "Mitigation", "Third Party Advisory" ], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2018/11/02/2" }, { "name": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "tags": [], "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" } ] } }, "impact": { "baseMetricV2": { "acInsufInfo": false, "cvssV2": { "accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 7.2, "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0" }, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "severity": "HIGH", "userInteractionRequired": false }, "baseMetricV3": { "cvssV3": { "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0" }, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9 } }, "lastModifiedDate": "2019-12-10T14:15Z", "publishedDate": "2018-11-20T19:29Z" } } }
ssa-618620
Vulnerability from csaf_siemens
Notes
{ "document": { "category": "csaf_security_advisory", "csaf_version": "2.0", "distribution": { "text": "Disclosure is not limited. (TLPv2: TLP:CLEAR)", "tlp": { "label": "WHITE" } }, "lang": "en", "notes": [ { "category": "summary", "text": "The boot loader within RUGGEDCOM ROS contains two vulnerabilities in the loading process of the operating system kernel. The more severe of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker with local access to the device to execute arbitrary code on an affected device.\n\nSiemens recommends specific countermeasures to mitigate this issue.", "title": "Summary" }, { "category": "general", "text": "As a general security measure, Siemens strongly recommends to protect network access to devices with appropriate mechanisms. In order to operate the devices in a protected IT environment, Siemens recommends to configure the environment according to Siemens\u0027 operational guidelines for Industrial Security (Download: \nhttps://www.siemens.com/cert/operational-guidelines-industrial-security), and to follow the recommendations in the product manuals.\nAdditional information on Industrial Security by Siemens can be found at: https://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity", "title": "General Recommendations" }, { "category": "general", "text": "For further inquiries on security vulnerabilities in Siemens products and solutions, please contact the Siemens ProductCERT: https://www.siemens.com/cert/advisories", "title": "Additional Resources" }, { "category": "legal_disclaimer", "text": "Siemens Security Advisories are subject to the terms and conditions contained in Siemens\u0027 underlying license terms or other applicable agreements previously agreed to with Siemens (hereinafter \"License Terms\"). To the extent applicable to information, software or documentation made available in or through a Siemens Security Advisory, the Terms of Use of Siemens\u0027 Global Website (https://www.siemens.com/terms_of_use, hereinafter \"Terms of Use\"), in particular Sections 8-10 of the Terms of Use, shall apply additionally. In case of conflicts, the License Terms shall prevail over the Terms of Use.", "title": "Terms of Use" } ], "publisher": { "category": "vendor", "contact_details": "productcert@siemens.com", "name": "Siemens ProductCERT", "namespace": "https://www.siemens.com" }, "references": [ { "category": "self", "summary": "SSA-618620: Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - HTML Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-618620.html" }, { "category": "self", "summary": "SSA-618620: Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - CSAF Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/csaf/ssa-618620.json" }, { "category": "self", "summary": "SSA-618620: Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - PDF Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-618620.pdf" }, { "category": "self", "summary": "SSA-618620: Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices - TXT Version", "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/txt/ssa-618620.txt" } ], "title": "SSA-618620: Vulnerabilities in Boot Loader (U-Boot) of RUGGEDCOM ROS Devices", "tracking": { "current_release_date": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z", "generator": { "engine": { "name": "Siemens ProductCERT CSAF Generator", "version": "1" } }, "id": "SSA-618620", "initial_release_date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00Z", "revision_history": [ { "date": "2019-12-10T00:00:00Z", "legacy_version": "1.0", "number": "1", "summary": "Publication Date" }, { "date": "2022-09-13T00:00:00Z", "legacy_version": "1.1", "number": "2", "summary": "Only devices shipped with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09 are affected by CVE-2018-18440, clarify that currently no fix is planned for affected devices" }, { "date": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z", "legacy_version": "1.2", "number": "3", "summary": "Removed RUGGEDCOM RSG900C and RSG900R as all products from these families are also listed in the advisory (RUGGEDCOM RSG907R, RSG908C, RSG909R and RSG910C). Readjusted product naming to reflect firmware version used (V4.X or/and V5.X). Added missing products: RUGGEDCOM RMC8388NC, RSG2488NC, RSG920PNC, RST2228P, RST916C and RST916P" } ], "status": "interim", "version": "3" } }, "product_tree": { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X", "product_id": "1" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X", "product_id": "2" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388NC V4.X", "product_id": "3" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388NC V4.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388NC V5.X", "product_id": "4" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388NC V5.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG907R", "product_id": "5" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG907R" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG908C", "product_id": "6" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG908C" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG909R", "product_id": "7" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG909R" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG910C", "product_id": "8" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG910C" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X", "product_id": "9" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X", "product_id": "10" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X", "product_id": "11" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X", "product_id": "12" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920PNC V4.X", "product_id": "13" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920PNC V4.X", "product_id": "14" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920PNC V4.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920PNC V5.X", "product_id": "15" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920PNC V5.X", "product_id": "16" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920PNC V5.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X", "product_id": "17" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X", "product_id": "18" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X", "product_id": "19" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X", "product_id": "20" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488NC V4.X", "product_id": "21" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488NC V4.X", "product_id": "22" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488NC V4.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488NC V5.X", "product_id": "23" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488NC V5.X", "product_id": "24" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488NC V5.X" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSL910", "product_id": "25" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSL910" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSL910NC", "product_id": "26" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RSL910NC" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST916C", "product_id": "27" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST916C" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST916P", "product_id": "28" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST916P" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228", "product_id": "29" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228", "product_id": "30" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228" }, { "branches": [ { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003c V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228P", "product_id": "31" } }, { "category": "product_version_range", "name": "All versions with U-Boot \u003e= V2016.05RS09", "product": { "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228P", "product_id": "32" } } ], "category": "product_name", "name": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228P" } ], "category": "vendor", "name": "Siemens" } ] }, "vulnerabilities": [ { "cve": "CVE-2018-18440", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-119", "name": "Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer" }, "notes": [ { "category": "summary", "text": "The embedded DENX U-Boot boot loader has a locally exploitable buffer overflow via a crafted kernel image because filesystem loading is mishandled.\n\nThe security vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with local access to the affected systems. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise confidentiality, integrity and availability of the system.\n\nAt the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.", "title": "Summary" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "17", "19", "21", "23", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "11", "13", "15", "25", "26", "29", "31", "27", "28" ] }, "remediations": [ { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Disable boot interface access during boot up via the \u0027bootoption.txt\u0027 file parameter \u0027Security = yes\u0027 to mitigate CVE-2018-18440.", "product_ids": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "17", "19", "21", "23", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "11", "13", "15", "25", "26", "29", "31", "27", "28" ] }, { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Disable access to the removable media via \u0027bootoption.txt\u0027 file parameter \u0027Disableautoaccessremovable = Yes\u0027 to mitigate CVE-2019-13103. Note that this vulnerability only applies to RUGGEDCOM ROS, if the device boots from removable media.", "product_ids": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "17", "19", "21", "23", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "11", "13", "15", "25", "26", "29", "31", "27", "28" ] }, { "category": "no_fix_planned", "details": "Currently no fix is planned", "product_ids": [ "1", "4", "17", "19", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "11", "25", "26", "29", "27", "28" ] }, { "category": "none_available", "details": "Currently no fix is available", "product_ids": [ "2", "3", "21", "23", "13", "15", "31" ] } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C", "version": "3.1" }, "products": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "17", "19", "21", "23", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "11", "13", "15", "25", "26", "29", "31", "27", "28" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2018-18440" }, { "cve": "CVE-2019-13103", "cwe": { "id": "CWE-674", "name": "Uncontrolled Recursion" }, "notes": [ { "category": "summary", "text": "The embedded DENX U-Boot boot loader has a physically exploitable vulnerability. A crafted self-referential DOS partition table will cause the bootloader to infinitely recurse, causing the stack to grow infinitely and eventually crash.\r\n\r\nThe security vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with physical access to the affected systems. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise the availability of the system.\r\n\r\nAt the time of advisory publication no public exploitation of this security vulnerability was known.", "title": "Summary" } ], "product_status": { "known_affected": [ "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "29", "30", "31", "32" ] }, "remediations": [ { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Disable boot interface access during boot up via the \u0027bootoption.txt\u0027 file parameter \u0027Security = yes\u0027 to mitigate CVE-2018-18440.", "product_ids": [ "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "29", "30", "31", "32" ] }, { "category": "mitigation", "details": "Disable access to the removable media via \u0027bootoption.txt\u0027 file parameter \u0027Disableautoaccessremovable = Yes\u0027 to mitigate CVE-2019-13103. Note that this vulnerability only applies to RUGGEDCOM ROS, if the device boots from removable media.", "product_ids": [ "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "29", "30", "31", "32" ] }, { "category": "no_fix_planned", "details": "Currently no fix is planned", "product_ids": [ "17", "18", "19", "20", "22", "24", "9", "10", "11", "12", "14", "16", "29", "30", "32" ] }, { "category": "none_available", "details": "Currently no fix is available", "product_ids": [ "21", "23", "13", "15", "31" ] } ], "scores": [ { "cvss_v3": { "baseScore": 4.6, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H/E:P/RL:O/RC:C", "version": "3.1" }, "products": [ "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "29", "30", "31", "32" ] } ], "title": "CVE-2019-13103" } ] }
Sightings
Author | Source | Type | Date |
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Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
- Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.