CVE-2018-7544 (GCVE-0-2018-7544)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-03-16 15:00 – Updated: 2024-11-14 20:46 Disputed
VLAI
Summary
A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a "signal SIGTERM" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning
Severity
No CVSS data available.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-14 20:46 UTC
CWE
  • n/a
Assigner
mitre CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard E 28/100 over 2291 records in the last 180 days details
References
Date Public
2018-03-16 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T06:31:04.558Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2018-7544",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-11-14T20:46:06.262821Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T20:46:28.947Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2018-03-16T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a \"signal SIGTERM\" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2018-03-16T14:57:01.000Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "disputed"
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2018-7544",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "** DISPUTED ** A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a \"signal SIGTERM\" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2018-7544",
    "datePublished": "2018-03-16T15:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2018-02-27T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T20:46:28.947Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2018-7544",
      "date": "2026-10-31",
      "epss": "0.01785",
      "percentile": "0.78308"
    },
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:openvpn:openvpn:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "matchCriteriaId": "DE001042-A74F-441C-8ED2-B4CF71299080",
                  "versionEndIncluding": "2.4.5",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cveTags": [
        {
          "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
          "tags": [
            "disputed"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a \"signal SIGTERM\" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning"
        },
        {
          "lang": "es",
          "value": "** EN DISPUTA ** Se ha descubierto un problema en la interfaz de gesti\u00f3n en OpenVPN hasta la versi\u00f3n 2.4.5. Cuando esta interfaz est\u00e1 habilitada en TCP sin contrase\u00f1a y cuando no hay m\u00e1s clientes conectados a esta interfaz, los atacantes pueden ejecutar comandos arbitrarios de gesti\u00f3n, obtener informaci\u00f3n sensible o provocar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (SIGTERM) al desencadenar acciones XMLHttpRequest en un navegador web. Esto se demuestra mediante un POST multipart/form-data en http://localhost:23000 con un comando \"signal SIGTERM\" en un elemento TEXTAREA. NOTA: El fabricante discute que esto sea una vulnerabilidad. Afirman que este es el resultado de una configuraci\u00f3n incorrecta de la instancia OpenVPN en lugar de una vulnerabilidad intr\u00ednseca; ahora advierten de forma a\u00fan m\u00e1s expl\u00edcita contra tal configuraci\u00f3n, tanto en la documentaci\u00f3n de la interfaz de gesti\u00f3n como en un mensaje runtime."
        }
      ],
      "id": "CVE-2018-7544",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T04:12:20.183",
      "metrics": {
        "cvssMetricV2": [
          {
            "acInsufInfo": false,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "cvssData": {
              "accessComplexity": "LOW",
              "accessVector": "NETWORK",
              "authentication": "NONE",
              "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
              "baseScore": 6.4,
              "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:P",
              "version": "2.0"
            },
            "exploitabilityScore": 10.0,
            "impactScore": 4.9,
            "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
            "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
            "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary",
            "userInteractionRequired": false
          }
        ],
        "cvssMetricV30": [
          {
            "cvssData": {
              "attackComplexity": "LOW",
              "attackVector": "NETWORK",
              "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
              "baseScore": 9.1,
              "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "NONE",
              "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
              "version": "3.0"
            },
            "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
            "impactScore": 5.2,
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      },
      "published": "2018-03-16T15:29:00.247",
      "references": [
        {
          "source": "cve@mitre.org",
          "tags": [
            "Exploit",
            "Third Party Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
        },
        {
          "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "tags": [
            "Exploit",
            "Third Party Advisory"
          ],
          "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
        }
      ],
      "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": [
        {
          "description": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CWE-134"
            }
          ],
          "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
          "type": "Primary"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:openvpn:openvpn:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "DE001042-A74F-441C-8ED2-B4CF71299080",
                    "versionEndIncluding": "2.4.5",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [
          {
            "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
            "tags": [
              "disputed"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a \"signal SIGTERM\" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning"
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "** EN DISPUTA ** Se ha descubierto un problema en la interfaz de gesti\u00f3n en OpenVPN hasta la versi\u00f3n 2.4.5. Cuando esta interfaz est\u00e1 habilitada en TCP sin contrase\u00f1a y cuando no hay m\u00e1s clientes conectados a esta interfaz, los atacantes pueden ejecutar comandos arbitrarios de gesti\u00f3n, obtener informaci\u00f3n sensible o provocar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (SIGTERM) al desencadenar acciones XMLHttpRequest en un navegador web. Esto se demuestra mediante un POST multipart/form-data en http://localhost:23000 con un comando \"signal SIGTERM\" en un elemento TEXTAREA. NOTA: El fabricante discute que esto sea una vulnerabilidad. Afirman que este es el resultado de una configuraci\u00f3n incorrecta de la instancia OpenVPN en lugar de una vulnerabilidad intr\u00ednseca; ahora advierten de forma a\u00fan m\u00e1s expl\u00edcita contra tal configuraci\u00f3n, tanto en la documentaci\u00f3n de la interfaz de gesti\u00f3n como en un mensaje runtime."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2018-7544",
        "lastModified": "2024-11-21T04:12:20.183",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV2": [
            {
              "acInsufInfo": false,
              "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
              "cvssData": {
                "accessComplexity": "LOW",
                "accessVector": "NETWORK",
                "authentication": "NONE",
                "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
                "baseScore": 6.4,
                "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:P",
                "version": "2.0"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 10.0,
              "impactScore": 4.9,
              "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
              "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
              "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary",
              "userInteractionRequired": false
            }
          ],
          "cvssMetricV30": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 9.1,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.0"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
              "impactScore": 5.2,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2018-03-16T15:29:00.247",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "cve@mitre.org",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Exploit",
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-134"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-23T00:17:27Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2018-7544",
      "id": "CVE-2018-7544",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-02-15T04:29:36Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "46",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "39",
      "product_status:recommended": "165",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2018-7544",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2023/cve-2018-7544.json",
      "version": "20"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T06:31:04.558Z",
              "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
              "shortName": "CVE"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "x_refsource_MISC",
                  "x_transferred"
                ],
                "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CVE Program Container"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2018-7544",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2024-11-14T20:46:06.262821Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T20:46:24.737Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "n/a",
              "vendor": "n/a",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "datePublic": "2018-03-16T00:00:00.000Z",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a \"signal SIGTERM\" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning"
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "description": "n/a",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "text"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2018-03-16T14:57:01.000Z",
            "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
            "shortName": "mitre"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "tags": [
                "x_refsource_MISC"
              ],
              "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
            }
          ],
          "tags": [
            "disputed"
          ],
          "x_legacyV4Record": {
            "CVE_data_meta": {
              "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
              "ID": "CVE-2018-7544",
              "STATE": "PUBLIC"
            },
            "affects": {
              "vendor": {
                "vendor_data": [
                  {
                    "product": {
                      "product_data": [
                        {
                          "product_name": "n/a",
                          "version": {
                            "version_data": [
                              {
                                "version_value": "n/a"
                              }
                            ]
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    "vendor_name": "n/a"
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            "data_format": "MITRE",
            "data_type": "CVE",
            "data_version": "4.0",
            "description": {
              "description_data": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "** DISPUTED ** A cross-protocol scripting issue was discovered in the management interface in OpenVPN through 2.4.5. When this interface is enabled over TCP without a password, and when no other clients are connected to this interface, attackers can execute arbitrary management commands, obtain sensitive information, or cause a denial of service (SIGTERM) by triggering XMLHttpRequest actions in a web browser. This is demonstrated by a multipart/form-data POST to http://localhost:23000 with a \"signal SIGTERM\" command in a TEXTAREA element. NOTE: The vendor disputes that this is a vulnerability. They state that this is the result of improper configuration of the OpenVPN instance rather than an intrinsic vulnerability, and now more explicitly warn against such configurations in both the management-interface documentation, and with a runtime warning."
                }
              ]
            },
            "problemtype": {
              "problemtype_data": [
                {
                  "description": [
                    {
                      "lang": "eng",
                      "value": "n/a"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "references": {
              "reference_data": [
                {
                  "name": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html",
                  "refsource": "MISC",
                  "url": "http://blog.0xlabs.com/2018/03/openvpn-remote-information-disclosure.html"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "assignerShortName": "mitre",
        "cveId": "CVE-2018-7544",
        "datePublished": "2018-03-16T15:00:00.000Z",
        "dateReserved": "2018-02-27T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2024-11-14T20:46:28.947Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.