CVE-2022-29500 (GCVE-0-2022-29500)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-05 16:14 – Updated: 2024-08-03 06:26
VLAI
Summary
SchedMD Slurm 21.08.x through 20.11.x has Incorrect Access Control that leads to Information Disclosure.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • n/a
Assigner
References
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T06:26:05.935Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2022-eeeff46680",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2022-6d9d1862ee",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2022-916bb58e38",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-5166",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_DEBIAN",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "SchedMD Slurm 21.08.x through 20.11.x has Incorrect Access Control that leads to Information Disclosure."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2022-06-20T20:06:10.000Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2022-eeeff46680",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2022-6d9d1862ee",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2022-916bb58e38",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/"
        },
        {
          "name": "DSA-5166",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_DEBIAN"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2022-29500",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "SchedMD Slurm 21.08.x through 20.11.x has Incorrect Access Control that leads to Information Disclosure."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2022-eeeff46680",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2022-6d9d1862ee",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2022-916bb58e38",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-5166",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2022-29500",
    "datePublished": "2022-05-05T16:14:04.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2022-04-19T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T06:26:05.935Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2022-29500",
      "date": "2026-06-05",
      "epss": "0.01826",
      "percentile": "0.8326"
    },
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": "[{\"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:schedmd:slurm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"versionEndExcluding\": \"20.11.9\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"784E8E76-13DE-46B0-980B-63703AFF091F\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:schedmd:slurm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"21.08.0\", \"versionEndExcluding\": \"21.08.08\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"834374D6-4F5A-48FB-A0F3-A7D3AEF699CF\"}]}]}, {\"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"A930E247-0B43-43CB-98FF-6CE7B8189835\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"80E516C0-98A4-4ADE-B69F-66A772E2BAAA\"}, {\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:36:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"5C675112-476C-4D7C-BCB9-A2FB2D0BC9FD\"}]}]}, {\"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED\"}]}]}]",
      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"SchedMD Slurm 21.08.x through 20.11.x has Incorrect Access Control that leads to Information Disclosure.\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"SchedMD Slurm versiones 21.08.x hasta 20.11.x, presenta un Control de Acceso Incorrecto que conlleva a una Divulgaci\\u00f3n de Informaci\\u00f3n\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2022-29500",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T06:59:12.137",
      "metrics": "{\"cvssMetricV31\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"baseScore\": 8.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}, \"exploitabilityScore\": 2.8, \"impactScore\": 5.9}], \"cvssMetricV2\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"2.0\", \"vectorString\": \"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C\", \"baseScore\": 9.0, \"accessVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"accessComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"authentication\": \"SINGLE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\"}, \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"exploitabilityScore\": 8.0, \"impactScore\": 10.0, \"acInsufInfo\": false, \"obtainAllPrivilege\": false, \"obtainUserPrivilege\": false, \"obtainOtherPrivilege\": false, \"userInteractionRequired\": false}]}",
      "published": "2022-05-05T17:15:15.297",
      "references": "[{\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Mailing List\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Third Party Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Mitigation\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\", \"tags\": [\"Mitigation\", \"Patch\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Mailing List\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Third Party Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Mitigation\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Mitigation\", \"Patch\", \"Vendor Advisory\"]}]",
      "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": "[{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}]"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2022-29500\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2022-05-05T17:15:15.297\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T06:59:12.137\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"SchedMD Slurm 21.08.x through 20.11.x has Incorrect Access Control that leads to Information Disclosure.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"SchedMD Slurm versiones 21.08.x hasta 20.11.x, presenta un Control de Acceso Incorrecto que conlleva a una Divulgaci\u00f3n de Informaci\u00f3n\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}],\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C\",\"baseScore\":9.0,\"accessVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"accessComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"authentication\":\"SINGLE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"exploitabilityScore\":8.0,\"impactScore\":10.0,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:schedmd:slurm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"20.11.9\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"784E8E76-13DE-46B0-980B-63703AFF091F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:schedmd:slurm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"21.08.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"21.08.08\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"834374D6-4F5A-48FB-A0F3-A7D3AEF699CF\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A930E247-0B43-43CB-98FF-6CE7B8189835\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"80E516C0-98A4-4ADE-B69F-66A772E2BAAA\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:36:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5C675112-476C-4D7C-BCB9-A2FB2D0BC9FD\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mitigation\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mitigation\",\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HXLOI3ERTKMZR2KWNRN7OR5S55VPWENH/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y6B7OWVNVCJUDE6VDWGCBUWMRCRETAO3/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YBI4NFDGGMBKWG4EMSZL5UHATDCLPCQW/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5166\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mitigation\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.schedmd.com/news.php?id=260\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mitigation\",\"Patch\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}"
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.