CVE-2023-28205 (GCVE-0-2023-28205)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-10 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:15Summary
A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 16.4.1, iOS 15.7.5 and iPadOS 15.7.5, iOS 16.4.1 and iPadOS 16.4.1, macOS Ventura 13.3.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-28 21:10 UTC
CWE
- Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple | iOS and iPadOS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 15.7
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Apple | Safari |
Affected:
unspecified , < 16.4
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Apple | macOS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 13.3
(custom)
|
guessed | |
| Apple | iOS and iPadOS |
Affected:
unspecified , < 16.4
(custom)
|
guessed |
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: e4a35cb8-2038-489d-ae49-8b892473f7a9
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-04-10
Asserted: 2023-04-10
Scope
Notes: Apple Multiple Products WebKit Use-After-Free Vulnerability | Affected: Apple / Multiple Products | Description: Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and Safari WebKit contain a use-after-free vulnerability that leads to code execution when processing maliciously crafted web content. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing. | Required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions. | Due date: 2023-05-01 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213720,https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213721,https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213722,https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213723; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28205
Evidence
Type: Vendor Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 80%
Source: cisa-kev
Details
| Cwes | CWE-416 |
|---|---|
| Feed | CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog |
| Product | Multiple Products |
| Due Date | 2023-05-01 |
| Date Added | 2023-04-10 |
| Vendorproject | Apple |
| Vulnerabilityname | Apple Multiple Products WebKit Use-After-Free Vulnerability |
| Knownransomwarecampaignuse | Unknown |
References
Created: 2026-02-02 12:27 UTC
| Updated: 2026-11-04 13:36 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: a833502e-e69a-4cc5-8584-e25c75b5b81f
Exploited: Yes
Timestamps
First Seen: 2023-04-10
Asserted: 2023-04-10
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 16.4.1, iOS 15.7.5 and iPadOS 15.7.5, iOS... | Affected: Apple / iOS and iPadOS, Safari, macOS | CVSS: 8.8 (HIGH) | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence
Type: Public Report
Signal: Successful Exploitation
Confidence: 70%
Source: kevintel
Details
| Feed | KEVIntel (kevintel.com) |
|---|---|
| Title | A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 16.4.1, iOS 15.7.5 and iPadOS 15.7.5, iOS... |
| Vendor | Apple |
| Product | iOS and iPadOS, Safari, macOS |
| Added Date | 2023-04-10T00:00:00.000Z |
| Cvss Score | 8.8 |
| Epss Score | None |
| Cvss Severity | HIGH |
| Epss Percentile | None |
| Used In Malware | unknown |
| Ahead Of Cisa Kev | None |
| Not Yet In Cisa Kev | False |
References
Created: 2026-06-23 14:05 UTC
| Updated: 2026-07-10 06:14 UTC
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"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-11-07T12:17:29+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2023-28205",
"id": "CVE-2023-28205",
"initial_release_date": "2023-04-07T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "105",
"product_status:known_affected": "9",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "WebKitGTK: use-after-free leads to arbitrary code execution",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-28205.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-10-16T13:38:07Z",
"cve": "CVE-2023-28205",
"id": "CVE-2023-28205",
"initial_release_date": "2023-04-12T02:11:43Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "12",
"product_status:recommended": "843",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-28205",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2023/cve-2023-28205.json",
"version": "28"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T12:30:24.829Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213723"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213722"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213721"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213720"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-28205",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "active"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-01-28T21:10:57.791125Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"dateAdded": "2023-04-10",
"reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28205"
},
"type": "kev"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-28T21:10:25.874Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"government-resource"
],
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28205"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2023-04-10T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "CVE-2023-28205 added to CISA KEV"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "iOS and iPadOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "15.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "unspecified",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "Safari",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "16.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "unspecified",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "macOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "13.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "unspecified",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"product": "iOS and iPadOS",
"vendor": "Apple",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "16.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "unspecified",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 16.4.1, iOS 15.7.5 and iPadOS 15.7.5, iOS 16.4.1 and iPadOS 16.4.1, macOS Ventura 13.3.1. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-07-27T03:46:09.018Z",
"orgId": "286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c",
"shortName": "apple"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213723"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213722"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213721"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213720"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "286789f9-fbc2-4510-9f9a-43facdede74c",
"assignerShortName": "apple",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-28205",
"datePublished": "2023-04-10T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-03-13T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-21T23:15:20.482Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.