CVE-2023-54071 (GCVE-0-2023-54071)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 12:23 – Updated: 2026-10-15 21:41
VLAI
Title
wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning The ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because ieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling drv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things. Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section! WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318 rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0 CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G W OE Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211] RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0 Call Trace: <TASK> __schedule+0xb0/0x1460 ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360 schedule+0x5a/0xc0 schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150 ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60 wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140 usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211 ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211 ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211 ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211 ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211 ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211 process_one_work+0x201/0x410 worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0 ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410 kthread+0xe1/0x110 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 </TASK>
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 21:38 UTC
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 7033 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 , < 107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce (git)
Affected: c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 , < dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f (git)
Affected: c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 , < bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.19
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.19 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.30 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.3.4 , ≤ 6.3.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:38:13.834973Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:38.954Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.30",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.3.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.30",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - The trigger is an 802.11 frame \u2014 a Channel Switch Announcement or a bandwidth change advertised in a beacon/action frame by the AP the station is associated with \u2014 processed by `ieee80211_chswitch_work`, so the attacker must be within radio range or operating a rogue AP. Per kernel guidance, WiFi frame injection is Adjacent.\nAC:L - Every bandwidth-changing channel switch deterministically drives the sleeping USB control transfer into mac80211\u0027s RCU read-side critical section, and the attacker can repeat it at will by re-advertising CSA/bandwidth changes. The UAF variant\u0027s second side is equally attacker-controlled \u2014 a spoofed deauth forces the concurrent `sta_info` teardown \u2014 so both halves of the race are attacker-driven.\nPR:N - No credentials on the victim system are needed; beacon CSA elements are unprotected even under MFP, and an attacker-operated or spoofed AP reaches the path without any authentication to the target host.\nUI:N - A station that is merely associated or scanning processes the beacon/CSA automatically; no victim action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is required.\nS:U - The atomicity violation, RCU stall, and resulting memory corruption are all confined to the kernel\u0027s own security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - Sleeping inside `rcu_read_lock()` breaks the RCU guarantee on non-preemptible kernels, allowing the grace period to elapse and `sta_info` objects on `local-\u003esta_list` to be freed while the loop still dereferences them \u2014 a use-after-free read that per kernel guidance is scored High.\nI:H - The same traversal writes through the potentially freed pointer (`link_sta-\u003epub-\u003ebandwidth = new_sta_bw`), giving a UAF write primitive, and the missing `rtwdev-\u003emutex` lets unserialized H2C mailbox/register writes race and corrupt firmware command state.\nA:H - The path produces a kernel WARNING (fatal under `panic_on_warn`) plus \"scheduling while atomic\" on non-preemptible builds, stalls RCU grace periods for seconds per station causing RCU CPU stall warnings and callback backlog, and can crash outright via the use-after-free."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:57.302Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304"
        }
      ],
      "title": "wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-54071",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-24T12:23:14.874Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-24T12:21:05.093Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-15T21:41:38.954Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "date": "2026-10-30",
      "epss": "0.00273",
      "percentile": "0.19735"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.19"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.19",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.1.30",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.3.4",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.4",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-15T22:17:52.013",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ],
          "ssvcV203": [
            {
              "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "ssvcData": {
                "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "technicalImpact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-15T21:38:13.834973Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-12-24T13:16:08.950",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-30T02:52:11+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "120",
      "product_status:known_affected": "125",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "119",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-54071.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-16T13:20:57Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-25T00:56:19Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "0",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "557",
      "product_status:recommended": "49",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-54071",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2025/cve-2023-54071.json",
      "version": "14"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.