CVE-2023-54088 (GCVE-0-2023-54088)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 13:06 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
blk-cgroup: hold queue_lock when removing blkg->q_node
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
blk-cgroup: hold queue_lock when removing blkg->q_node
When blkg is removed from q->blkg_list from blkg_free_workfn(), queue_lock
has to be held, otherwise, all kinds of bugs(list corruption, hard lockup,
..) can be triggered from blkg_destroy_all().
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
81c1188905f88b77743d1fdeeedfc8cb7b67787d , < b5dae1cd0d8368b4338430ff93403df67f0b8bcc
(git)
Affected: bfe46d2efe46c5c952f982e2ca94fe2ec5e58e2a , < 083b58373463a6e5ee60ecb135269348f68ad7df (git) Affected: f1c006f1c6850c14040f8337753a63119bba39b9 , < cd4ffdf56791eec95af01f06bee1ec7665ca75c4 (git) Affected: f1c006f1c6850c14040f8337753a63119bba39b9 , < c164c7bc9775be7bcc68754bb3431fce5823822e (git) Affected: 6.1.16 , < 6.1.17 (semver) Affected: 6.2.3 , < 6.2.4 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.3
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.3 (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.17 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.2.4 , ≤ 6.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.4.12 , ≤ 6.4.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.5 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"block/blk-cgroup.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "81c1188905f88b77743d1fdeeedfc8cb7b67787d",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "083b58373463a6e5ee60ecb135269348f68ad7df",
"status": "affected",
"version": "bfe46d2efe46c5c952f982e2ca94fe2ec5e58e2a",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "cd4ffdf56791eec95af01f06bee1ec7665ca75c4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f1c006f1c6850c14040f8337753a63119bba39b9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "c164c7bc9775be7bcc68754bb3431fce5823822e",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f1c006f1c6850c14040f8337753a63119bba39b9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.1.17",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.16",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"block/blk-cgroup.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.3"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.3",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.17",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.2.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.4.12",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.5",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.17",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.1.16",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.2.4",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.2.3",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.4.12",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.3",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.5",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nblk-cgroup: hold queue_lock when removing blkg-\u003eq_node\n\nWhen blkg is removed from q-\u003eblkg_list from blkg_free_workfn(), queue_lock\nhas to be held, otherwise, all kinds of bugs(list corruption, hard lockup,\n..) can be triggered from blkg_destroy_all()."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The bug is in the block cgroup layer (block/blk-cgroup.c) and is reached only through local operations \u2014 cgroup v2 mkdir/rmdir, block I/O to a device, and writes to io.* cgroup control files or disk teardown. No network-facing code path touches q-\u003eblkg_list.\nAC:L - The attacker drives both sides of the race: cgroup rmdir plus prior I/O queues many blkg_free_workfn() instances that do the unlocked list_del_init(\u0026blkg-\u003eq_node), while a concurrent io.latency write (blk_iolatency_init -\u003e blkcg_activate_policy) or disk teardown (blkg_destroy_all) walks q-\u003eblkg_list under queue_lock only. The window can be widened arbitrarily by creating thousands of blkgs and freeing them in bulk, and pd_free_fn() work inside the mutex lengthens it further.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local user suffices in the standard deployment where a cgroup v2 subtree is delegated (systemd user@.service, rootless containers): the user owns the io.* files in cgroups they create, so they can create/destroy blkgs and trigger policy activation. No real root or CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the init namespace is needed.\nUI:N - The race is triggered entirely by the attacker\u0027s own processes issuing I/O and manipulating their cgroups; no victim action is required.\nS:U - Corruption stays within the kernel\u0027s own security authority \u2014 this is a standard kernel memory-corruption/privilege-escalation primitive with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or hypervisor boundary.\nC:H - The unsynchronized list_del_init() lets list_for_each_entry_safe() in blkg_destroy_all() and the walkers in blkcg_activate_policy() follow stale next pointers into a blkcg_gq that blkg_free_workfn() then kfree()s, so the kernel reads and dereferences attacker-sprayable reclaimed slab contents \u2014 a use-after-free read that yields an arbitrary kernel-memory disclosure primitive.\nI:H - After the list is corrupted the kernel writes through the dangling entry: blkg-\u003epd[pol-\u003eplid] = pd, pd-\u003eonline = false, radix_tree_delete(), hlist_del_init_rcu(), rcu_assign_pointer(blkcg-\u003eblkg_hint, NULL) and percpu_ref_kill() all operate on freed/reallocated memory, giving controlled pointer writes and indirect calls suitable for privilege escalation.\nA:H - The commit message states that list corruption and hard lockup are directly triggerable from blkg_destroy_all(); a corrupted doubly-linked list walked under spin_lock_irq loops forever or oopses, panicking the machine."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:17:07.550Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5dae1cd0d8368b4338430ff93403df67f0b8bcc"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/083b58373463a6e5ee60ecb135269348f68ad7df"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd4ffdf56791eec95af01f06bee1ec7665ca75c4"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c164c7bc9775be7bcc68754bb3431fce5823822e"
}
],
"title": "blk-cgroup: hold queue_lock when removing blkg-\u003eq_node",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-54088",
"datePublished": "2025-12-24T13:06:18.216Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-12-24T13:02:52.515Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:17:07.550Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2023-54088",
"date": "2026-09-18",
"epss": "0.0016",
"percentile": "0.05649"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"block/blk-cgroup.c"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "b5dae1cd0d8368b4338430ff93403df67f0b8bcc",
"status": "affected",
"version": "81c1188905f88b77743d1fdeeedfc8cb7b67787d",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "bfe46d2efe46c5c952f982e2ca94fe2ec5e58e2a",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "f1c006f1c6850c14040f8337753a63119bba39b9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
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"status": "affected",
"version": "f1c006f1c6850c14040f8337753a63119bba39b9",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.1.17",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.16",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.2.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.2.3",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
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"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
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],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.3"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.3",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.17",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.2.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.2.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.4.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.4.12",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.5",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nblk-cgroup: hold queue_lock when removing blkg-\u003eq_node\n\nWhen blkg is removed from q-\u003eblkg_list from blkg_free_workfn(), queue_lock\nhas to be held, otherwise, all kinds of bugs(list corruption, hard lockup,\n..) can be triggered from blkg_destroy_all()."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2023-54088",
"lastModified": "2026-08-04T10:19:28.350",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-24T13:16:10.667",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/083b58373463a6e5ee60ecb135269348f68ad7df"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5dae1cd0d8368b4338430ff93403df67f0b8bcc"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c164c7bc9775be7bcc68754bb3431fce5823822e"
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{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd4ffdf56791eec95af01f06bee1ec7665ca75c4"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Low",
"current_release_date": "2026-08-04T22:54:17+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2023-54088",
"id": "CVE-2023-54088",
"initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "122",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "152",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: blk-cgroup: hold queue_lock when removing blkg-\u003eq_node",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-54088.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-15T02:24:51Z",
"cve": "CVE-2023-54088",
"id": "CVE-2023-54088",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-25T00:55:55Z",
"product_status:known_affected": "427",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "405",
"product_status:recommended": "241",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-54088",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2023-54088.json",
"version": "46"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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