CVE-2025-0938 (GCVE-0-2025-0938)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-31 17:51 – Updated: 2026-04-21 20:14
VLAI
Title
URL parser allowed square brackets in domain names
Summary
The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn't valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
Assigner
PSF
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Python Software Foundation CPython Affected: 0 , < 3.10.17 (python)
Affected: 3.11.0 , < 3.11.12 (python)
Affected: 3.12.0 , < 3.12.9 (python)
Affected: 3.13.0 , < 3.13.2 (python)
Affected: 3.14.0a1 , < 3.14.0a5 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-0938",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-01-31T18:50:16.654297Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-01-31T18:50:29.327Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:56:43.285Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0002/"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00013.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CPython",
          "repo": "https://github.com/python/cpython",
          "vendor": "Python Software Foundation",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "3.10.17",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "python"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.11.12",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.11.0",
              "versionType": "python"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.12.9",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.12.0",
              "versionType": "python"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.13.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.13.0",
              "versionType": "python"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.14.0a5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.14.0a1",
              "versionType": "python"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn\u0027t valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers.\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn\u0027t valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 6.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-20",
              "description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-04-21T20:14:13.406Z",
        "orgId": "28c92f92-d60d-412d-b760-e73465c3df22",
        "shortName": "PSF"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/105704"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/129418"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/K4EUG6EKV6JYFIC24BASYOZS4M5XOQIB/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d89a5f6a6e65511a5f6e0618c4c30a7aa5aba56a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/90e526ae67b172ed7c6c56e7edad36263b0f9403"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a7084f6075c9595ba60119ce8c62f1496f50c568"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/526617ed68cde460236c973e5d0a8bad4de896ba"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b8b4b713c5f8ec0958c7ef8d29d6711889bc94ab"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/ff4e5c25666f63544071a6b075ae8b25c98b7a32"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "URL parser allowed square brackets in domain names",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "28c92f92-d60d-412d-b760-e73465c3df22",
    "assignerShortName": "PSF",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-0938",
    "datePublished": "2025-01-31T17:51:35.898Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-01-31T17:45:10.107Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-04-21T20:14:13.406Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-0938",
      "date": "2026-06-27",
      "epss": "0.01437",
      "percentile": "0.69822"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-0938\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cna@python.org\",\"published\":\"2025-01-31T18:15:38.053\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:27:24.043\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Deferred\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn\u0027t valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Las funciones est\u00e1ndar librer\u00eda de Python `urllib.parse.urlsplit` y `urlparse` aceptaban nombres de dominio que inclu\u00edan corchetes, lo que no es v\u00e1lido seg\u00fan RFC 3986. Los corchetes solo se deben usar como delimitadores para especificar hosts IPv6 e IPvFuture en las URL. Esto podr\u00eda generar un an\u00e1lisis diferencial entre el analizador de URL de Python y otros analizadores de URL que cumplen con las especificaciones.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"cna@python.org\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Python Software Foundation\",\"product\":\"CPython\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"repo\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.10.17\",\"versionType\":\"python\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3.11.0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.11.12\",\"versionType\":\"python\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3.12.0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.12.9\",\"versionType\":\"python\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3.13.0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.13.2\",\"versionType\":\"python\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3.14.0a1\",\"lessThan\":\"3.14.0a5\",\"versionType\":\"python\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"cna@python.org\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":6.3,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackRequirements\":\"PRESENT\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-01-31T18:50:16.654297Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-0938\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"cna@python.org\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-20\"}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/526617ed68cde460236c973e5d0a8bad4de896ba\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/90e526ae67b172ed7c6c56e7edad36263b0f9403\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a7084f6075c9595ba60119ce8c62f1496f50c568\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b8b4b713c5f8ec0958c7ef8d29d6711889bc94ab\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d89a5f6a6e65511a5f6e0618c4c30a7aa5aba56a\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/ff4e5c25666f63544071a6b075ae8b25c98b7a32\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/105704\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/129418\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/K4EUG6EKV6JYFIC24BASYOZS4M5XOQIB/\",\"source\":\"cna@python.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00013.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0002/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250314-0002/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00013.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-03T20:56:43.285Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-0938\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-01-31T18:50:16.654297Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-01-31T18:50:24.989Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"URL parser allowed square brackets in domain names\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"Safety\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"version\": \"4.0\", \"Recovery\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"baseScore\": 6.3, \"Automatable\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"valueDensity\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N\", \"providerUrgency\": \"NOT_DEFINED\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"HIGH\", \"attackRequirements\": \"PRESENT\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\": \"NOT_DEFINED\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython\", \"vendor\": \"Python Software Foundation\", \"product\": \"CPython\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.10.17\", \"versionType\": \"python\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.11.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.11.12\", \"versionType\": \"python\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.12.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.12.9\", \"versionType\": \"python\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.13.0\", \"lessThan\": \"3.13.2\", \"versionType\": \"python\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3.14.0a1\", \"lessThan\": \"3.14.0a5\", \"versionType\": \"python\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/105704\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/129418\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/K4EUG6EKV6JYFIC24BASYOZS4M5XOQIB/\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/d89a5f6a6e65511a5f6e0618c4c30a7aa5aba56a\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/90e526ae67b172ed7c6c56e7edad36263b0f9403\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/a7084f6075c9595ba60119ce8c62f1496f50c568\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/526617ed68cde460236c973e5d0a8bad4de896ba\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b8b4b713c5f8ec0958c7ef8d29d6711889bc94ab\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/ff4e5c25666f63544071a6b075ae8b25c98b7a32\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn\u0027t valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn\u0027t valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers.\u003cbr\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-20\", \"description\": \"CWE-20 Improper Input Validation\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"28c92f92-d60d-412d-b760-e73465c3df22\", \"shortName\": \"PSF\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-21T20:14:13.406Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-0938\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-04-21T20:14:13.406Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-01-31T17:45:10.107Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"28c92f92-d60d-412d-b760-e73465c3df22\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-01-31T17:51:35.898Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"PSF\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.