CVE-2025-21927 (GCVE-0-2025-21927)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 15:40 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:55
VLAI
Title
nvme-tcp: fix potential memory corruption in nvme_tcp_recv_pdu()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nvme-tcp: fix potential memory corruption in nvme_tcp_recv_pdu() nvme_tcp_recv_pdu() doesn't check the validity of the header length. When header digests are enabled, a target might send a packet with an invalid header length (e.g. 255), causing nvme_tcp_verify_hdgst() to access memory outside the allocated area and cause memory corruptions by overwriting it with the calculated digest. Fix this by rejecting packets with an unexpected header length.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 9fbc953d6b38bc824392e01850f0aeee3b348722 (git)
Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < 22b06c89aa6b2d1ecb8aea72edfb9d53af8d5126 (git)
Affected: 3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796 , < ad95bab0cd28ed77c2c0d0b6e76e03e031391064 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.19 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.7 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-21927\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-10-01T19:22:21.408514Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-787\", \"description\": \"CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-01T14:37:50.335Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"nvme-tcp: fix potential memory corruption in nvme_tcp_recv_pdu()\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 9.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"AV:N - The malformed PDU arrives over a routable TCP connection (NVMe/TCP, typically port 4420/8009) and is parsed by the nvme-tcp host driver\u0027s socket receive path; a malicious/compromised NVMe-oF target or an on-path attacker injecting into the stream triggers it from anywhere on the network.\\nAC:L - The attacker simply sets hdr-\u003ehlen to an arbitrary value (e.g. 255) with the HDGST flag in any rsp/r2t/c2h_data PDU \\u2014 the out-of-bounds read and 4-byte out-of-bounds write occur deterministically, with no race, no memory-layout dependence, and unlimited retries thanks to the driver\u0027s automatic error-recovery reconnect.\\nPR:N - The vulnerable parsing happens on any PDU received right after the ICReq/ICResp handshake, before the NVMe Connect command or any DH-HMAC-CHAP authentication, so the remote peer needs no credentials or privileges on the victim host whatsoever.\\nUI:N - No victim action is needed at attack time \\u2014 NVMe-oF connections are persistent system configuration established at boot and re-established automatically by nvme_tcp_error_recovery(), so a malicious target or on-path attacker can send the crafted PDU at will.\\nS:U - The out-of-bounds access corrupts kernel slab memory within the same host kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\\nC:H - nvme_tcp_verify_hdgst() reads 4 raw heap bytes at an attacker-chosen offset up to 255 past a 28-byte kmalloc object and dev_err() prints them verbatim (\\\"recv %#x\\\"), giving a repeatable adjacent-heap disclosure primitive; the CRC input additionally hashes up to 227 bytes of out-of-bounds memory.\\nI:H - The CRC32C result is written out of bounds at pdu + hlen, an attacker-chosen offset up to 227 bytes past a kmalloc-32 allocation, corrupting neighbouring slab objects; since 24 of the hashed bytes are attacker-controlled and CRC32C is invertible, heap grooming makes both the offset and the written 32-bit value effectively attacker-chosen \\u2014 a controlled heap write suitable for control-flow hijacking.\\nA:H - The out-of-bounds slab write corrupts adjacent kernel objects and slab metadata, causing oops/panic (immediate BUG under KASAN/hardened SLUB), and the attacker can repeat it across auto-reconnects to reliably crash the host.\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796\", \"lessThan\": \"9fbc953d6b38bc824392e01850f0aeee3b348722\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796\", \"lessThan\": \"22b06c89aa6b2d1ecb8aea72edfb9d53af8d5126\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"3f2304f8c6d6ed97849057bd16fee99e434ca796\", \"lessThan\": \"ad95bab0cd28ed77c2c0d0b6e76e03e031391064\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/nvme/host/tcp.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"5.0\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"5.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.19\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.13.7\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.13.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.14\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"drivers/nvme/host/tcp.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9fbc953d6b38bc824392e01850f0aeee3b348722\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/22b06c89aa6b2d1ecb8aea72edfb9d53af8d5126\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad95bab0cd28ed77c2c0d0b6e76e03e031391064\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnvme-tcp: fix potential memory corruption in nvme_tcp_recv_pdu()\\n\\nnvme_tcp_recv_pdu() doesn\u0027t check the validity of the header length.\\nWhen header digests are enabled, a target might send a packet with an\\ninvalid header length (e.g. 255), causing nvme_tcp_verify_hdgst()\\nto access memory outside the allocated area and cause memory corruptions\\nby overwriting it with the calculated digest.\\n\\nFix this by rejecting packets with an unexpected header length.\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.19\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.13.7\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.14\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"5.0\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:55:25.054Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-21927\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-05T11:55:25.054Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2024-12-29T08:45:45.788Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-04-01T15:40:58.432Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.