CVE-2025-38500 (GCVE-0-2025-38500)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 16:02 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:29
VLAI?
Title
xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface collect_md property on xfrm interfaces can only be set on device creation, thus xfrmi_changelink() should fail when called on such interfaces. The check to enforce this was done only in the case where the xi was returned from xfrmi_locate() which doesn't look for the collect_md interface, and thus the validation was never reached. Calling changelink would thus errornously place the special interface xi in the xfrmi_net->xfrmi hash, but since it also exists in the xfrmi_net->collect_md_xfrmi pointer it would lead to a double free when the net namespace was taken down [1]. Change the check to use the xi from netdev_priv which is available earlier in the function to prevent changes in xfrm collect_md interfaces. [1] resulting oops: [ 8.516540] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12029! [ 8.516552] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI [ 8.516559] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/u80:0 Not tainted 6.15.0-virtme #5 PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 8.516565] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 8.516569] Workqueue: netns cleanup_net [ 8.516579] RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x101/0xab0 [ 8.516590] Code: 90 0f 0b 90 48 8b b0 78 01 00 00 48 8b 90 80 01 00 00 48 89 56 08 48 89 32 4c 89 80 78 01 00 00 48 89 b8 80 01 00 00 eb ac 90 <0f> 0b 48 8b 45 00 4c 8d a0 88 fe ff ff 48 39 c5 74 5c 41 80 bc 24 [ 8.516593] RSP: 0018:ffffa93b8006bd30 EFLAGS: 00010206 [ 8.516598] RAX: ffff98fe4226e000 RBX: ffffa93b8006bd58 RCX: ffffa93b8006bc60 [ 8.516601] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: dead000000000122 [ 8.516603] RBP: ffffa93b8006bdd8 R08: dead000000000100 R09: ffff98fe4133c100 [ 8.516605] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000000003d2 R12: ffffa93b8006be00 [ 8.516608] R13: ffffffff96c1a510 R14: ffffffff96c1a510 R15: ffffa93b8006be00 [ 8.516615] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff98fee73b7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 8.516619] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 8.516622] CR2: 00007fcd2abd0700 CR3: 000000003aa40000 CR4: 0000000000752ef0 [ 8.516625] PKRU: 55555554 [ 8.516627] Call Trace: [ 8.516632] <TASK> [ 8.516635] ? rtnl_is_locked+0x15/0x20 [ 8.516641] ? unregister_netdevice_queue+0x29/0xf0 [ 8.516650] ops_undo_list+0x1f2/0x220 [ 8.516659] cleanup_net+0x1ad/0x2e0 [ 8.516664] process_one_work+0x160/0x380 [ 8.516673] worker_thread+0x2aa/0x3c0 [ 8.516679] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516686] kthread+0xfb/0x200 [ 8.516690] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516693] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516697] ret_from_fork+0x82/0xf0 [ 8.516705] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516709] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [ 8.516718] </TASK>
Severity ?
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0 , < a8d4748b954584ab7bd800f1a4e46d5b0eeb5ce4 (git)
Affected: abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0 , < bfebdb85496e1da21d3cf05de099210915c3e706 (git)
Affected: abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0 , < 5918c3f4800a3aef2173865e5903370f21e24f47 (git)
Affected: abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0 , < 69a31f7a6a81f5ffd3812c442e09ff0be22960f1 (git)
Affected: abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0 , < a90b2a1aaacbcf0f91d7e4868ad6c51c5dee814b (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.1
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.148 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.101 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.41 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.9 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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              "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
              "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
              "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
              "scope": "UNCHANGED",
              "userInteraction": "NONE",
              "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface\n\ncollect_md property on xfrm interfaces can only be set on device creation,\nthus xfrmi_changelink() should fail when called on such interfaces.\n\nThe check to enforce this was done only in the case where the xi was\nreturned from xfrmi_locate() which doesn\u0027t look for the collect_md\ninterface, and thus the validation was never reached.\n\nCalling changelink would thus errornously place the special interface xi\nin the xfrmi_net-\u003exfrmi hash, but since it also exists in the\nxfrmi_net-\u003ecollect_md_xfrmi pointer it would lead to a double free when\nthe net namespace was taken down [1].\n\nChange the check to use the xi from netdev_priv which is available earlier\nin the function to prevent changes in xfrm collect_md interfaces.\n\n[1] resulting oops:\n[    8.516540] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12029!\n[    8.516552] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n[    8.516559] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/u80:0 Not tainted 6.15.0-virtme #5 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n[    8.516565] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\n[    8.516569] Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n[    8.516579] RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x101/0xab0\n[    8.516590] Code: 90 0f 0b 90 48 8b b0 78 01 00 00 48 8b 90 80 01 00 00 48 89 56 08 48 89 32 4c 89 80 78 01 00 00 48 89 b8 80 01 00 00 eb ac 90 \u003c0f\u003e 0b 48 8b 45 00 4c 8d a0 88 fe ff ff 48 39 c5 74 5c 41 80 bc 24\n[    8.516593] RSP: 0018:ffffa93b8006bd30 EFLAGS: 00010206\n[    8.516598] RAX: ffff98fe4226e000 RBX: ffffa93b8006bd58 RCX: ffffa93b8006bc60\n[    8.516601] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: dead000000000122\n[    8.516603] RBP: ffffa93b8006bdd8 R08: dead000000000100 R09: ffff98fe4133c100\n[    8.516605] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000000003d2 R12: ffffa93b8006be00\n[    8.516608] R13: ffffffff96c1a510 R14: ffffffff96c1a510 R15: ffffa93b8006be00\n[    8.516615] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff98fee73b7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\n[    8.516619] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\n[    8.516622] CR2: 00007fcd2abd0700 CR3: 000000003aa40000 CR4: 0000000000752ef0\n[    8.516625] PKRU: 55555554\n[    8.516627] Call Trace:\n[    8.516632]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n[    8.516635]  ? rtnl_is_locked+0x15/0x20\n[    8.516641]  ? unregister_netdevice_queue+0x29/0xf0\n[    8.516650]  ops_undo_list+0x1f2/0x220\n[    8.516659]  cleanup_net+0x1ad/0x2e0\n[    8.516664]  process_one_work+0x160/0x380\n[    8.516673]  worker_thread+0x2aa/0x3c0\n[    8.516679]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\n[    8.516686]  kthread+0xfb/0x200\n[    8.516690]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[    8.516693]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[    8.516697]  ret_from_fork+0x82/0xf0\n[    8.516705]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\n[    8.516709]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n[    8.516718]  \u003c/TASK\u003e"
        }
      ],
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:29:13.266Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8d4748b954584ab7bd800f1a4e46d5b0eeb5ce4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfebdb85496e1da21d3cf05de099210915c3e706"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5918c3f4800a3aef2173865e5903370f21e24f47"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69a31f7a6a81f5ffd3812c442e09ff0be22960f1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a90b2a1aaacbcf0f91d7e4868ad6c51c5dee814b"
        }
      ],
      "title": "xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface",
      "x_generator": {
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38500",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-12T16:02:42.363Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.022Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:29:13.266Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38500",
      "date": "2026-05-24",
      "epss": "0.00026",
      "percentile": "0.07755"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38500\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-08-12T16:15:27.277\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-01-07T16:26:54.590\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Undergoing Analysis\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nxfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface\\n\\ncollect_md property on xfrm interfaces can only be set on device creation,\\nthus xfrmi_changelink() should fail when called on such interfaces.\\n\\nThe check to enforce this was done only in the case where the xi was\\nreturned from xfrmi_locate() which doesn\u0027t look for the collect_md\\ninterface, and thus the validation was never reached.\\n\\nCalling changelink would thus errornously place the special interface xi\\nin the xfrmi_net-\u003exfrmi hash, but since it also exists in the\\nxfrmi_net-\u003ecollect_md_xfrmi pointer it would lead to a double free when\\nthe net namespace was taken down [1].\\n\\nChange the check to use the xi from netdev_priv which is available earlier\\nin the function to prevent changes in xfrm collect_md interfaces.\\n\\n[1] resulting oops:\\n[    8.516540] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12029!\\n[    8.516552] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\\n[    8.516559] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/u80:0 Not tainted 6.15.0-virtme #5 PREEMPT(voluntary)\\n[    8.516565] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\\n[    8.516569] Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\\n[    8.516579] RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x101/0xab0\\n[    8.516590] Code: 90 0f 0b 90 48 8b b0 78 01 00 00 48 8b 90 80 01 00 00 48 89 56 08 48 89 32 4c 89 80 78 01 00 00 48 89 b8 80 01 00 00 eb ac 90 \u003c0f\u003e 0b 48 8b 45 00 4c 8d a0 88 fe ff ff 48 39 c5 74 5c 41 80 bc 24\\n[    8.516593] RSP: 0018:ffffa93b8006bd30 EFLAGS: 00010206\\n[    8.516598] RAX: ffff98fe4226e000 RBX: ffffa93b8006bd58 RCX: ffffa93b8006bc60\\n[    8.516601] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: dead000000000122\\n[    8.516603] RBP: ffffa93b8006bdd8 R08: dead000000000100 R09: ffff98fe4133c100\\n[    8.516605] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000000003d2 R12: ffffa93b8006be00\\n[    8.516608] R13: ffffffff96c1a510 R14: ffffffff96c1a510 R15: ffffa93b8006be00\\n[    8.516615] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff98fee73b7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\\n[    8.516619] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\n[    8.516622] CR2: 00007fcd2abd0700 CR3: 000000003aa40000 CR4: 0000000000752ef0\\n[    8.516625] PKRU: 55555554\\n[    8.516627] Call Trace:\\n[    8.516632]  \u003cTASK\u003e\\n[    8.516635]  ? rtnl_is_locked+0x15/0x20\\n[    8.516641]  ? unregister_netdevice_queue+0x29/0xf0\\n[    8.516650]  ops_undo_list+0x1f2/0x220\\n[    8.516659]  cleanup_net+0x1ad/0x2e0\\n[    8.516664]  process_one_work+0x160/0x380\\n[    8.516673]  worker_thread+0x2aa/0x3c0\\n[    8.516679]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516686]  kthread+0xfb/0x200\\n[    8.516690]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516693]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516697]  ret_from_fork+0x82/0xf0\\n[    8.516705]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516709]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\\n[    8.516718]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: xfrm: interfaz: se corrige el Use After Free despu\u00e9s de cambiar la propiedad collect_md de la interfaz xfrm. Las interfaces xfrm solo se pueden configurar al crear el dispositivo, por lo que xfrmi_changelink() deber\u00eda fallar al llamarse en dichas interfaces. La comprobaci\u00f3n para aplicar esto solo se realiz\u00f3 en el caso en que xi se devolviera desde xfrmi_locate(), que no busca la interfaz collect_md y, por lo tanto, nunca se alcanz\u00f3 la validaci\u00f3n. Llamar a changelink colocar\u00eda por error la interfaz especial xi en el hash xfrmi_net-\u0026gt;xfrmi, pero como tambi\u00e9n existe en el puntero xfrmi_net-\u0026gt;collect_md_xfrmi, provocar\u00eda una doble liberaci\u00f3n cuando se eliminara el espacio de nombres net [1]. Cambie la comprobaci\u00f3n para usar xi de netdev_priv, que est\u00e1 disponible anteriormente en la funci\u00f3n, para evitar cambios en las interfaces xfrm collect_md. [1] resulting oops: [ 8.516540] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12029! [ 8.516552] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI [ 8.516559] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/u80:0 Not tainted 6.15.0-virtme #5 PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 8.516565] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 8.516569] Workqueue: netns cleanup_net [ 8.516579] RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x101/0xab0 [ 8.516590] Code: 90 0f 0b 90 48 8b b0 78 01 00 00 48 8b 90 80 01 00 00 48 89 56 08 48 89 32 4c 89 80 78 01 00 00 48 89 b8 80 01 00 00 eb ac 90 \u0026lt;0f\u0026gt; 0b 48 8b 45 00 4c 8d a0 88 fe ff ff 48 39 c5 74 5c 41 80 bc 24 [ 8.516593] RSP: 0018:ffffa93b8006bd30 EFLAGS: 00010206 [ 8.516598] RAX: ffff98fe4226e000 RBX: ffffa93b8006bd58 RCX: ffffa93b8006bc60 [ 8.516601] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: dead000000000122 [ 8.516603] RBP: ffffa93b8006bdd8 R08: dead000000000100 R09: ffff98fe4133c100 [ 8.516605] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000000003d2 R12: ffffa93b8006be00 [ 8.516608] R13: ffffffff96c1a510 R14: ffffffff96c1a510 R15: ffffa93b8006be00 [ 8.516615] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff98fee73b7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 8.516619] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 8.516622] CR2: 00007fcd2abd0700 CR3: 000000003aa40000 CR4: 0000000000752ef0 [ 8.516625] PKRU: 55555554 [ 8.516627] Call Trace: [ 8.516632]  [ 8.516635] ? rtnl_is_locked+0x15/0x20 [ 8.516641] ? unregister_netdevice_queue+0x29/0xf0 [ 8.516650] ops_undo_list+0x1f2/0x220 [ 8.516659] cleanup_net+0x1ad/0x2e0 [ 8.516664] process_one_work+0x160/0x380 [ 8.516673] worker_thread+0x2aa/0x3c0 [ 8.516679] ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516686] kthread+0xfb/0x200 [ 8.516690] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516693] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516697] ret_from_fork+0x82/0xf0 [ 8.516705] ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10 [ 8.516709] ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 [ 8.516718] \"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.148\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6DF6D064-B873-476E-945E-6A819B5BDED9\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.101\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"686C7A1C-35F3-495D-9825-94B5BCED2705\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.41\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7B9B92B6-A7E5-4697-AB94-8432ED55AA05\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.9\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"656D6B8C-4D7B-4385-98B6-44EA4AFADD2E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6D4894DB-CCFE-4602-B1BF-3960B2E19A01\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"09709862-E348-4378-8632-5A7813EDDC86\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"415BF58A-8197-43F5-B3D7-D1D63057A26E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A0517869-312D-4429-80C2-561086E1421C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"85421F4E-C863-4ABF-B4B4-E887CC2F7F92\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"3827F0D4-5FEE-4181-B267-5A45E7CA11FC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.16:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7A9C2DE5-43B8-4D73-BDB5-EA55C7671A52\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5918c3f4800a3aef2173865e5903370f21e24f47\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69a31f7a6a81f5ffd3812c442e09ff0be22960f1\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8d4748b954584ab7bd800f1a4e46d5b0eeb5ce4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a90b2a1aaacbcf0f91d7e4868ad6c51c5dee814b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfebdb85496e1da21d3cf05de099210915c3e706\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.8, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-38500\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-10-01T18:10:59.896187Z\"}}}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-416\", \"description\": \"CWE-416 Use After Free\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-09-11T13:08:09.276Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface\", \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0\", \"lessThan\": \"a8d4748b954584ab7bd800f1a4e46d5b0eeb5ce4\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0\", \"lessThan\": \"bfebdb85496e1da21d3cf05de099210915c3e706\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0\", \"lessThan\": \"5918c3f4800a3aef2173865e5903370f21e24f47\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0\", \"lessThan\": \"69a31f7a6a81f5ffd3812c442e09ff0be22960f1\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"abc340b38ba25cd6c7aa2c0bd9150d30738c82d0\", \"lessThan\": \"a90b2a1aaacbcf0f91d7e4868ad6c51c5dee814b\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/xfrm/xfrm_interface_core.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"repo\": \"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\", \"vendor\": \"Linux\", \"product\": \"Linux\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"6.1\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"6.1\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.1.148\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.1.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.6.101\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.6.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.12.41\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.12.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.15.9\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"6.15.*\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"6.16\", \"versionType\": \"original_commit_for_fix\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"*\"}], \"programFiles\": [\"net/xfrm/xfrm_interface_core.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a8d4748b954584ab7bd800f1a4e46d5b0eeb5ce4\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfebdb85496e1da21d3cf05de099210915c3e706\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5918c3f4800a3aef2173865e5903370f21e24f47\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/69a31f7a6a81f5ffd3812c442e09ff0be22960f1\"}, {\"url\": \"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a90b2a1aaacbcf0f91d7e4868ad6c51c5dee814b\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"bippy-1.2.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nxfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface\\n\\ncollect_md property on xfrm interfaces can only be set on device creation,\\nthus xfrmi_changelink() should fail when called on such interfaces.\\n\\nThe check to enforce this was done only in the case where the xi was\\nreturned from xfrmi_locate() which doesn\u0027t look for the collect_md\\ninterface, and thus the validation was never reached.\\n\\nCalling changelink would thus errornously place the special interface xi\\nin the xfrmi_net-\u003exfrmi hash, but since it also exists in the\\nxfrmi_net-\u003ecollect_md_xfrmi pointer it would lead to a double free when\\nthe net namespace was taken down [1].\\n\\nChange the check to use the xi from netdev_priv which is available earlier\\nin the function to prevent changes in xfrm collect_md interfaces.\\n\\n[1] resulting oops:\\n[    8.516540] kernel BUG at net/core/dev.c:12029!\\n[    8.516552] Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\\n[    8.516559] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/u80:0 Not tainted 6.15.0-virtme #5 PREEMPT(voluntary)\\n[    8.516565] Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014\\n[    8.516569] Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\\n[    8.516579] RIP: 0010:unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x101/0xab0\\n[    8.516590] Code: 90 0f 0b 90 48 8b b0 78 01 00 00 48 8b 90 80 01 00 00 48 89 56 08 48 89 32 4c 89 80 78 01 00 00 48 89 b8 80 01 00 00 eb ac 90 \u003c0f\u003e 0b 48 8b 45 00 4c 8d a0 88 fe ff ff 48 39 c5 74 5c 41 80 bc 24\\n[    8.516593] RSP: 0018:ffffa93b8006bd30 EFLAGS: 00010206\\n[    8.516598] RAX: ffff98fe4226e000 RBX: ffffa93b8006bd58 RCX: ffffa93b8006bc60\\n[    8.516601] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: dead000000000122\\n[    8.516603] RBP: ffffa93b8006bdd8 R08: dead000000000100 R09: ffff98fe4133c100\\n[    8.516605] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 00000000000003d2 R12: ffffa93b8006be00\\n[    8.516608] R13: ffffffff96c1a510 R14: ffffffff96c1a510 R15: ffffa93b8006be00\\n[    8.516615] FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff98fee73b7000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\\n[    8.516619] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\n[    8.516622] CR2: 00007fcd2abd0700 CR3: 000000003aa40000 CR4: 0000000000752ef0\\n[    8.516625] PKRU: 55555554\\n[    8.516627] Call Trace:\\n[    8.516632]  \u003cTASK\u003e\\n[    8.516635]  ? rtnl_is_locked+0x15/0x20\\n[    8.516641]  ? unregister_netdevice_queue+0x29/0xf0\\n[    8.516650]  ops_undo_list+0x1f2/0x220\\n[    8.516659]  cleanup_net+0x1ad/0x2e0\\n[    8.516664]  process_one_work+0x160/0x380\\n[    8.516673]  worker_thread+0x2aa/0x3c0\\n[    8.516679]  ? __pfx_worker_thread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516686]  kthread+0xfb/0x200\\n[    8.516690]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516693]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516697]  ret_from_fork+0x82/0xf0\\n[    8.516705]  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10\\n[    8.516709]  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\\n[    8.516718]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\"}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.1.148\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.6.101\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.12.41\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.15.9\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"6.16\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"6.1\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"shortName\": \"Linux\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-08-15T15:16:37.105Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-38500\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-01T18:12:31.018Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-04-16T04:51:24.022Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-08-12T16:02:42.363Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Linux\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.