CVE-2025-39715 (GCVE-0-2025-39715)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-05 17:21 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:06
VLAI
Title
parisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: parisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access We use load and stbys,e instructions to trigger memory reference interruptions without writing to memory. Because of the way read access support is implemented, read access interruptions are only triggered at privilege levels 2 and 3. The kernel and gateway page execute at privilege level 0, so this code never triggers a read access interruption. Thus, it is currently possible for user code to execute a LWS compare and swap operation at an address that is read protected at privilege level 3 (PRIV_USER). Fix this by probing read access rights at privilege level 3 and branching to lws_fault if access isn't allowed.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6641 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a , < e8b496c52aa0c6572d88db7cab85aeea6f9c194d (git)
Affected: d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a , < 8bccf47adbf658293528e86960e6d6f736b1c9f7 (git)
Affected: d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a , < bc0a24c24ceebabb5ba65900e332233d79e625e6 (git)
Affected: d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a , < 9b6af875baba9c4679b55f4561e201485451305f (git)
Affected: d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a , < f6334f4ae9a4e962ba74b026e1d965dfdf8cbef8 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.17
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.17 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.149 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.103 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.44 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.4 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T17:42:42.036Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "affected": [
          {
            "defaultStatus": "unknown",
            "product": "SIMATIC CN 4100",
            "vendor": "Siemens",
            "versions": [
              {
                "lessThan": "V5.0",
                "status": "affected",
                "version": "0",
                "versionType": "custom"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T12:06:32.491Z",
          "orgId": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
          "shortName": "siemens-SADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/parisc/kernel/syscall.S"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "e8b496c52aa0c6572d88db7cab85aeea6f9c194d",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "8bccf47adbf658293528e86960e6d6f736b1c9f7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "bc0a24c24ceebabb5ba65900e332233d79e625e6",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "9b6af875baba9c4679b55f4561e201485451305f",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f6334f4ae9a4e962ba74b026e1d965dfdf8cbef8",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "arch/parisc/kernel/syscall.S"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.17"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.17",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.149",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.103",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.44",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.17",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.149",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.103",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.44",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.17",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nparisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access\n\nWe use load and stbys,e instructions to trigger memory reference\ninterruptions without writing to memory. Because of the way read\naccess support is implemented, read access interruptions are only\ntriggered at privilege levels 2 and 3. The kernel and gateway\npage execute at privilege level 0, so this code never triggers\na read access interruption. Thus, it is currently possible for\nuser code to execute a LWS compare and swap operation at an\naddress that is read protected at privilege level 3 (PRIV_USER).\n\nFix this by probing read access rights at privilege level 3 and\nbranching to lws_fault if access isn\u0027t allowed."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:34:51.694Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8b496c52aa0c6572d88db7cab85aeea6f9c194d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bccf47adbf658293528e86960e6d6f736b1c9f7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc0a24c24ceebabb5ba65900e332233d79e625e6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9b6af875baba9c4679b55f4561e201485451305f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6334f4ae9a4e962ba74b026e1d965dfdf8cbef8"
        }
      ],
      "title": "parisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-39715",
    "datePublished": "2025-09-05T17:21:22.330Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.117Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T12:06:32.491Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39715",
      "date": "2026-11-13",
      "epss": "0.00156",
      "percentile": "0.04822"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-09-07T01:11:11.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39715",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-39715",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "parisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-39715.json",
      "version": "1"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "arch/parisc/kernel/syscall.S"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "e8b496c52aa0c6572d88db7cab85aeea6f9c194d",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "8bccf47adbf658293528e86960e6d6f736b1c9f7",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "bc0a24c24ceebabb5ba65900e332233d79e625e6",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "9b6af875baba9c4679b55f4561e201485451305f",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "f6334f4ae9a4e962ba74b026e1d965dfdf8cbef8",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "d0585d742ff2d82accd26c661c60a6d260429c4a",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "arch/parisc/kernel/syscall.S"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.17"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.17",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.1.149",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6.103",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.44",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.16.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.16.4",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.17",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          },
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "SIMATIC CN 4100",
                "vendor": "Siemens",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "V5.0",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "custom"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e"
          }
        ],
        "configurations": [
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "17F234E1-F0D0-46C2-8468-EF468C6127D8",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.149",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "5.17",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "F2293654-7169-49B5-8D0D-EE51EF8B8E48",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.103",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.2",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "12351F24-1133-4775-960C-F2B47E81298B",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.44",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.7",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  },
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "AFC28995-B8C3-4B68-8CB6-78E792B6629D",
                    "versionEndExcluding": "6.16.4",
                    "versionStartIncluding": "6.13",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "nodes": [
              {
                "cpeMatch": [
                  {
                    "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                    "matchCriteriaId": "FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED",
                    "vulnerable": true
                  }
                ],
                "negate": false,
                "operator": "OR"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nparisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access\n\nWe use load and stbys,e instructions to trigger memory reference\ninterruptions without writing to memory. Because of the way read\naccess support is implemented, read access interruptions are only\ntriggered at privilege levels 2 and 3. The kernel and gateway\npage execute at privilege level 0, so this code never triggers\na read access interruption. Thus, it is currently possible for\nuser code to execute a LWS compare and swap operation at an\naddress that is read protected at privilege level 3 (PRIV_USER).\n\nFix this by probing read access rights at privilege level 3 and\nbranching to lws_fault if access isn\u0027t allowed."
          },
          {
            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nparisc: Revisar las llamadas LWS de puerta de enlace para sondear el acceso de lectura del usuario\n\nUtilizamos las instrucciones load y stbys,e para activar interrupciones de referencia de memoria sin escribir en la memoria. Debido a la forma en que se implementa el soporte de acceso de lectura, las interrupciones de acceso de lectura solo se activan en los niveles de privilegio 2 y 3. El kernel y la p\u00e1gina de puerta de enlace se ejecutan en el nivel de privilegio 0, por lo tanto, este c\u00f3digo nunca activa una interrupci\u00f3n de acceso de lectura. As\u00ed, actualmente es posible que el c\u00f3digo de usuario ejecute una operaci\u00f3n LWS de comparaci\u00f3n e intercambio en una direcci\u00f3n que est\u00e1 protegida contra lectura en el nivel de privilegio 3 (PRIV_USER).\n\nEsto se soluciona sondeando los derechos de acceso de lectura en el nivel de privilegio 3 y bifurcando a lws_fault si el acceso no est\u00e1 permitido."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2025-39715",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:10:00.160",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 5.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-09-05T18:15:48.990",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8bccf47adbf658293528e86960e6d6f736b1c9f7"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9b6af875baba9c4679b55f4561e201485451305f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc0a24c24ceebabb5ba65900e332233d79e625e6"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e8b496c52aa0c6572d88db7cab85aeea6f9c194d"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6334f4ae9a4e962ba74b026e1d965dfdf8cbef8"
          },
          {
            "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
            "tags": [
              "Third Party Advisory"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
          },
          {
            "source": "0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e",
            "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Modified",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-06T15:11:45+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39715",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39715",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-05T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "200",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: parisc: Revise gateway LWS calls to probe user read access",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39715.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-30T01:27:15Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39715",
      "id": "CVE-2025-39715",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-09-05T23:22:52Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "0",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "520",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-39715",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2025/cve-2025-39715.json",
      "version": "12"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Loading timeline…




    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.