CVE-2025-40323 (GCVE-0-2025-40323)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-08 00:46 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fbcon: Set fb_display[i]->mode to NULL when the mode is released
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
fbcon: Set fb_display[i]->mode to NULL when the mode is released
Recently, we discovered the following issue through syzkaller:
BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0
Read of size 4 at addr ff11000001b3c69c by task syz.xxx
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0xab/0xe0
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x390
print_report+0xb9/0x280
kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0
fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0
fbcon_mode_deleted+0x129/0x180
fb_set_var+0xe7f/0x11d0
do_fb_ioctl+0x6a0/0x750
fb_ioctl+0xe0/0x140
__x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x210
do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x9c0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
Based on experimentation and analysis, during framebuffer unregistration,
only the memory of fb_info->modelist is freed, without setting the
corresponding fb_display[i]->mode to NULL for the freed modes. This leads
to UAF issues during subsequent accesses. Here's an example of reproduction
steps:
1. With /dev/fb0 already registered in the system, load a kernel module
to register a new device /dev/fb1;
2. Set fb1's mode to the global fb_display[] array (via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP);
3. Switch console from fb to VGA (to allow normal rmmod of the ko);
4. Unload the kernel module, at this point fb1's modelist is freed, leaving
a wild pointer in fb_display[];
5. Trigger the bug via system calls through fb0 attempting to delete a mode
from fb0.
Add a check in do_unregister_framebuffer(): if the mode to be freed exists
in fb_display[], set the corresponding mode pointer to NULL.
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 39c2c1a2773aaf73e56906e5ef670114eb2d354f
(git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 4ac18f0e6a6d599ca751c4cd98e522afc8e3d4eb (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 468f78276a37f4c6499385a4ce28f4f57be6655d (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < c079d42f70109512eee49123a843be91d8fa133f (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < de89d19f4f30d9a8de87b9d08c1bd35cb70576d8 (git) Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < a1f3058930745d2b938b6b4f5bd9630dc74b26b7 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.159 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.117 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.58 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17.8 , ≤ 6.17.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
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"programFiles": [
"drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbcon.c",
"drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c",
"include/linux/fbcon.h"
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"drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c",
"include/linux/fbcon.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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{
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"version": "6.6.117",
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{
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"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.17.8",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
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"status": "unaffected",
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}
]
}
],
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released\n\nRecently, we discovered the following issue through syzkaller:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\nRead of size 4 at addr ff11000001b3c69c by task syz.xxx\n...\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0xab/0xe0\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x390\n print_report+0xb9/0x280\n kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0\n fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\n fbcon_mode_deleted+0x129/0x180\n fb_set_var+0xe7f/0x11d0\n do_fb_ioctl+0x6a0/0x750\n fb_ioctl+0xe0/0x140\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x210\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x9c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nBased on experimentation and analysis, during framebuffer unregistration,\nonly the memory of fb_info-\u003emodelist is freed, without setting the\ncorresponding fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL for the freed modes. This leads\nto UAF issues during subsequent accesses. Here\u0027s an example of reproduction\nsteps:\n1. With /dev/fb0 already registered in the system, load a kernel module\n to register a new device /dev/fb1;\n2. Set fb1\u0027s mode to the global fb_display[] array (via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP);\n3. Switch console from fb to VGA (to allow normal rmmod of the ko);\n4. Unload the kernel module, at this point fb1\u0027s modelist is freed, leaving\n a wild pointer in fb_display[];\n5. Trigger the bug via system calls through fb0 attempting to delete a mode\n from fb0.\n\nAdd a check in do_unregister_framebuffer(): if the mode to be freed exists\nin fb_display[], set the corresponding mode pointer to NULL."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is reached through `ioctl()` on the `/dev/fbN` character device (`FBIOPUT_VSCREENINFO` / `FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP`), which requires local access to the system. There is no remote or network-facing path into fbcon.\nAC:L - Once a framebuffer has been unregistered leaving a stale `fb_display[i].mode`, triggering the use-after-free is a single deterministic ioctl with no race to win and no memory-layout condition outside the attacker\u0027s control. The attacker can additionally groom the freed `fb_modelist` slab with controlled allocations before dereferencing it.\nPR:L - No capability check exists anywhere in the fbdev ioctl path \u2014 access is governed solely by DAC on `/dev/fbN`, which logged-in seat users obtain via logind `uaccess` ACLs or `video`/`graphics` group membership on desktops, kiosks, embedded devices and Android. An unprivileged local user with a console/seat can issue every ioctl involved.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all steps himself via ioctls on the framebuffer device; no victim action is needed. The framebuffer unregistration that creates the stale pointer occurs through ordinary system events such as USB display/dock removal or DRM driver unbind.\nS:U - The corruption and its consequences are confined to kernel memory within the same security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The use-after-free reads a freed slab object that the attacker can reallocate with chosen or sensitive kernel data, and `display_to_var()`/`fb_videomode_to_var()` copy ~15 fields out of it into `info-\u003evar`, which is then readable from userspace via `FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO` \u2014 a repeatable kernel heap disclosure primitive.\nI:H - A use-after-free on a groomable kmalloc object permits heap spraying and type confusion with the reallocated victim object; the freed contents also propagate into `fb_check_var`/`fb_set_par` and console resize arithmetic, corrupting kernel state and enabling escalation to control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The reported syzkaller report is a KASAN slab-use-after-free that oopses the task in `fb_mode_is_equal()`; dereferencing the dangling pointer after the slab page is returned to the page allocator produces a kernel panic, and the stale pointer can be re-triggered repeatedly."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:09:36.199Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39c2c1a2773aaf73e56906e5ef670114eb2d354f"
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"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ac18f0e6a6d599ca751c4cd98e522afc8e3d4eb"
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},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1f3058930745d2b938b6b4f5bd9630dc74b26b7"
}
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"title": "fbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released",
"x_generator": {
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-40323",
"datePublished": "2025-12-08T00:46:50.833Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.186Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:09:36.199Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"cve": "CVE-2025-40323",
"date": "2026-09-28",
"epss": "0.0014",
"percentile": "0.02779"
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"nvd": {
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"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
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]
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{
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],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
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{
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"version": "5.15.203",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
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"version": "6.1.159",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
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"version": "6.6.117",
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"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released\n\nRecently, we discovered the following issue through syzkaller:\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\nRead of size 4 at addr ff11000001b3c69c by task syz.xxx\n...\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0xab/0xe0\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x390\n print_report+0xb9/0x280\n kasan_report+0xb8/0xf0\n fb_mode_is_equal+0x285/0x2f0\n fbcon_mode_deleted+0x129/0x180\n fb_set_var+0xe7f/0x11d0\n do_fb_ioctl+0x6a0/0x750\n fb_ioctl+0xe0/0x140\n __x64_sys_ioctl+0x193/0x210\n do_syscall_64+0x5f/0x9c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nBased on experimentation and analysis, during framebuffer unregistration,\nonly the memory of fb_info-\u003emodelist is freed, without setting the\ncorresponding fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL for the freed modes. This leads\nto UAF issues during subsequent accesses. Here\u0027s an example of reproduction\nsteps:\n1. With /dev/fb0 already registered in the system, load a kernel module\n to register a new device /dev/fb1;\n2. Set fb1\u0027s mode to the global fb_display[] array (via FBIOPUT_CON2FBMAP);\n3. Switch console from fb to VGA (to allow normal rmmod of the ko);\n4. Unload the kernel module, at this point fb1\u0027s modelist is freed, leaving\n a wild pointer in fb_display[];\n5. Trigger the bug via system calls through fb0 attempting to delete a mode\n from fb0.\n\nAdd a check in do_unregister_framebuffer(): if the mode to be freed exists\nin fb_display[], set the corresponding mode pointer to NULL."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-40323",
"lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:29.200",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2025-12-08T01:16:05.067",
"references": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39c2c1a2773aaf73e56906e5ef670114eb2d354f"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/468f78276a37f4c6499385a4ce28f4f57be6655d"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4ac18f0e6a6d599ca751c4cd98e522afc8e3d4eb"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1f3058930745d2b938b6b4f5bd9630dc74b26b7"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c079d42f70109512eee49123a843be91d8fa133f"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de89d19f4f30d9a8de87b9d08c1bd35cb70576d8"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-28T15:30:28+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40323",
"id": "CVE-2025-40323",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-08T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "762",
"product_status:known_affected": "22",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: fbcon: Set fb_display[i]-\u003emode to NULL when the mode is released",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-40323.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-27T23:30:05Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-40323",
"id": "CVE-2025-40323",
"initial_release_date": "2025-12-09T00:24:05Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "595",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "174",
"product_status:recommended": "462",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-40323",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-40323.json",
"version": "41"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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