CVE-2025-4275 (GCVE-0-2025-4275)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-11 00:25 – Updated: 2025-08-14 05:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SecureFlashDxe: Incorrect UEFI variable attributes check allows usage of invalid certificate
Summary
A vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-11 13:38 UTC
CWE
- cwe-284: Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insyde Software | InsydeH2O |
Affected:
Kernel 5.2 , < 05.2A.16
(Tag)
Affected: Kernel 5.3 , < 05.39.16 (Tag) Affected: Kernel 5.4 , < 05.47.16 (Tag) Affected: Kernel 5.5 , < 05.55.16 (Tag) Affected: Kernel 5.6 , < 05.62.16 (Tag) Affected: Kernel 5.7 , < 05.71.16 (Tag) |
guessed |
Date Public
2025-06-10 00:18
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-11T01:32:11.159Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/211341"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-4275",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-11T13:38:13.231273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-30T13:30:23.397Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"platforms": [
"kernel 5.2",
"kernel 5.3",
"kernel 5.4",
"kernel 5.5",
"kernel 5.6",
"kernel 5.7"
],
"product": "InsydeH2O",
"vendor": "Insyde Software",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "05.2A.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.2",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.39.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.3",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.47.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.4",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.55.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.5",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.62.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.6",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.71.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.7",
"versionType": "Tag"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Thanks to Nikolaj Schlej, independent firmware security researcher, for reporting the vulnerability and engaging in this coordinated disclosure."
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-06-10T00:18:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235);\"\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eA vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e"
}
],
"value": "A vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "cwe-284: Improper Access Control",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-14T05:58:07.245Z",
"orgId": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"shortName": "Insyde"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/sa-2025002/"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.2, Version 05.2A.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.3, Version 05.39.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.4, Version 05.47.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.5, Version 05.55.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.6, Version 05.62.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.7, Version 05.71.16\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "kernel 5.2, Version 05.2A.16\nkernel 5.3, Version 05.39.16\nkernel 5.4, Version 05.47.16\nkernel 5.5, Version 05.55.16\nkernel 5.6, Version 05.62.16\nkernel 5.7, Version 05.71.16"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "SecureFlashDxe: Incorrect UEFI variable attributes check allows usage of invalid certificate",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"assignerShortName": "Insyde",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-4275",
"datePublished": "2025-06-11T00:25:17.737Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-05T01:59:27.834Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-14T05:58:07.245Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-4275",
"date": "2026-10-13",
"epss": "0.00466",
"percentile": "0.38582"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"platforms": [
"kernel 5.2",
"kernel 5.3",
"kernel 5.4",
"kernel 5.5",
"kernel 5.6",
"kernel 5.7"
],
"product": "InsydeH2O",
"vendor": "Insyde Software",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "05.2A.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.2",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.39.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.3",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.47.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.4",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.55.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.5",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.62.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.6",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.71.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.7",
"versionType": "Tag"
}
]
}
],
"source": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Al ejecutar la utilidad proporcionada, se cambia el certificado en cualquier BIOS Insyde y luego se puede iniciar el archivo .efi adjunto."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-4275",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:32:55.380",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.1,
"impactScore": 6.0,
"source": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-4275",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-11T13:38:13.231273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-06-11T01:15:20.750",
"references": [
{
"source": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/sa-2025002/"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/211341"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-07-30T08:32:27+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-4275",
"id": "CVE-2025-4275",
"initial_release_date": "2025-06-10T00:18:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "SecureFlashDxe: Incorrect UEFI variable attributes check allows usage of invalid certificate",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-4275.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-11T01:32:11.159Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/211341"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-4275",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-06-11T13:38:13.231273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-11T13:38:34.200Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"platforms": [
"kernel 5.2",
"kernel 5.3",
"kernel 5.4",
"kernel 5.5",
"kernel 5.6",
"kernel 5.7"
],
"product": "InsydeH2O",
"vendor": "Insyde Software",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "05.2A.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.2",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.39.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.3",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.47.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.4",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.55.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.5",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.62.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.6",
"versionType": "Tag"
},
{
"lessThan": "05.71.16",
"status": "affected",
"version": "Kernel 5.7",
"versionType": "Tag"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Thanks to Nikolaj Schlej, independent firmware security researcher, for reporting the vulnerability and engaging in this coordinated disclosure."
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-06-10T00:18:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(235, 235, 235);\"\u003e\n\n\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eA vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e"
}
],
"value": "A vulnerability in the digital signature verification process does not properly validate variable attributes which allows an attacker to bypass signature verification by creating a non-authenticated NVRAM variable. An attacker may to execute arbitrary signed UEFI code and bypass Secure Boot."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"description": "cwe-284: Improper Access Control",
"lang": "en"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-14T05:58:07.245Z",
"orgId": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"shortName": "Insyde"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/sa-2025002/"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.2, Version 05.2A.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.3, Version 05.39.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.4, Version 05.47.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.5, Version 05.55.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.6, Version 05.62.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003ekernel 5.7, Version 05.71.16\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "kernel 5.2, Version 05.2A.16\nkernel 5.3, Version 05.39.16\nkernel 5.4, Version 05.47.16\nkernel 5.5, Version 05.55.16\nkernel 5.6, Version 05.62.16\nkernel 5.7, Version 05.71.16"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "SecureFlashDxe: Incorrect UEFI variable attributes check allows usage of invalid certificate",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8338d8cb-57f7-4252-abc0-96fd13e98d21",
"assignerShortName": "Insyde",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-4275",
"datePublished": "2025-06-11T00:25:17.737Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-05T01:59:27.834Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-14T05:58:07.245Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.