Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-52691 (GCVE-0-2025-52691)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-29 02:15 – Updated: 2026-01-27 13:34

CISA KEV

Title

Upload Arbitrary Files

Summary

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

Severity ?

10 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-434 - Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Assigner

CSA

References

URL

	Vendor	Product	Version
	SmarterTools	SmarterMail	Affected: SmarterMail versions Build 9406 and earlier

CISA KEV

Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant

KEV entry ID: 3221039f-1dd3-4ead-8cdc-05c66be0ce37

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-52691

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-01-26 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps

First Seen: 2026-01-26

Asserted: 2026-01-26

Scope

Notes: KEV entry: SmarterTools SmarterMail Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability | Affected: SmarterTools / SmarterMail | Description: SmarterTools SmarterMail contains an unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type vulnerability that could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution. | Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. | Due date: 2026-02-16 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://www.smartertools.com/smartermail/release-notes/current ; https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/ ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52691

Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details

Cwes	CWE-434
Feed	CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product	SmarterMail
Due Date	2026-02-16
Date Added	2026-01-26
Vendorproject	SmarterTools
Vulnerabilityname	SmarterTools SmarterMail Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse	Unknown

References

CVE-2025-52691

Created: 2026-02-02 12:25 UTC | Updated: 2026-02-06 07:17 UTC

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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NCSC-2025-0404

Vulnerability from csaf_ncscnl - Published: 2025-12-31 14:19 - Updated: 2025-12-31 14:19

Summary

Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in SmarterMail

Notes

The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this page to enhance access to its information and security advisories. The use of this security advisory is subject to the following terms and conditions: NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this page is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or continuous keeping up-to-date. The information contained in this security advisory is intended solely for the purpose of providing general information to professional users. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein. NCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of this security advisory. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in the advisory. This security advisory is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this advisory will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings.

Feiten

SmarterTools heeft een kwetsbaarheid verholpen in SmarterMail.

Interpretaties

De kwetsbaarheid stelt een ongeauthenticeerde kwaadwillende op afstand in staat om willekeurige bestanden naar de mailserver te uploaden. Op deze manier kan de kwaadwillende onder andere code op de kwetsbare mailserver uitvoeren en toegang krijgen tot gegevens die op deze server zijn opgeslagen.

Oplossingen

SmarterTools heeft beveiligingsupdates uitgebracht om de kwetsbaarheid te verhelpen in SmarterMail Build 9413. Lees het beveiligingsadvies van CSA Singapore voor meer informatie.

Kans

medium

Schade

high

CWE-434

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "document": {
    "category": "csaf_security_advisory",
    "csaf_version": "2.0",
    "distribution": {
      "tlp": {
        "label": "WHITE"
      }
    },
    "lang": "nl",
    "notes": [
      {
        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "The Netherlands Cyber Security Center (henceforth: NCSC-NL) maintains this page to enhance access to its information and security advisories. The use of this security advisory is subject to the following terms and conditions:\n\n    NCSC-NL makes every reasonable effort to ensure that the content of this page is kept up to date, and that it is accurate and complete. Nevertheless, NCSC-NL cannot entirely rule out the possibility of errors, and therefore cannot give any warranty in respect of its completeness, accuracy or continuous keeping up-to-date. The information contained in this security advisory is intended solely for the purpose of providing general information to professional users. No rights can be derived from the information provided therein.\n\n    NCSC-NL and the Kingdom of the Netherlands assume no legal liability or responsibility for any damage resulting from either the use or inability of use of this security advisory. This includes damage resulting from the inaccuracy of incompleteness of the information contained in the advisory.\n    This security advisory is subject to Dutch law. All disputes related to or arising from the use of this advisory will be submitted to the competent court in The Hague. This choice of means also applies to the court in summary proceedings."
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "SmarterTools heeft een kwetsbaarheid verholpen in SmarterMail.",
        "title": "Feiten"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "De kwetsbaarheid stelt een ongeauthenticeerde kwaadwillende op afstand in staat om willekeurige bestanden naar de mailserver te uploaden. Op deze manier kan de kwaadwillende onder andere code op de kwetsbare mailserver uitvoeren en toegang krijgen tot gegevens die op deze server zijn opgeslagen.",
        "title": "Interpretaties"
      },
      {
        "category": "description",
        "text": "SmarterTools heeft beveiligingsupdates uitgebracht om de kwetsbaarheid te verhelpen in SmarterMail Build 9413. Lees het beveiligingsadvies van CSA Singapore voor meer informatie.",
        "title": "Oplossingen"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "medium",
        "title": "Kans"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "high",
        "title": "Schade"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type",
        "title": "CWE-434"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": {
      "category": "coordinator",
      "contact_details": "cert@ncsc.nl",
      "name": "Nationaal Cyber Security Centrum",
      "namespace": "https://www.ncsc.nl/"
    },
    "references": [
      {
        "category": "external",
        "summary": "Reference",
        "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Kwetsbaarheid verholpen in SmarterMail",
    "tracking": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-12-31T14:19:01.847364Z",
      "generator": {
        "date": "2025-08-04T16:30:00Z",
        "engine": {
          "name": "V.A.",
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      "revision_history": [
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          "date": "2025-12-31T14:19:01.847364Z",
          "number": "1.0.0",
          "summary": "Initiele versie"
        }
      ],
      "status": "final",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    }
  },
  "product_tree": {
    "branches": [
      {
        "branches": [
          {
            "branches": [
              {
                "category": "product_version_range",
                "name": "vers:unknown/*",
                "product": {
                  "name": "vers:unknown/*",
                  "product_id": "CSAFPID-1"
                }
              }
            ],
            "category": "product_name",
            "name": "SmarterMail"
          }
        ],
        "category": "vendor",
        "name": "SmarterTools"
      }
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  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-52691",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-434",
        "name": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "other",
          "text": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type",
          "title": "CWE-434"
        },
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "A vulnerability exists that allows unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files to the mail server, potentially leading to remote code execution.",
          "title": "Summary"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
          "title": "CVSSV4"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
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          "CSAFPID-1"
        ]
      },
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          "category": "self",
          "summary": "CVE-2025-52691 | NCSC-NL Website",
          "url": "https://vulnerabilities.ncsc.nl/csaf/v2/2025/cve-2025-52691.json"
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 10.0,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-1"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "CVE-2025-52691"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C9VJ-8FWR-4GVQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-29 03:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 21:30

Details

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

Severity ?

10.0 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52691"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T03:15:42Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-c9vj-8fwr-4gvq",
  "modified": "2026-01-26T21:30:31Z",
  "published": "2025-12-29T03:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52691"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691?ref=labs.watchtowr.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-52691

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-12-29 03:15 - Updated: 2026-01-27 15:28

CISA KEV

Severity ?

10.0 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

References

URL	Tags
5f57b9bf-260d-4433-bf07-b6a79e9bb7d4	https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/	Third Party Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691?ref=labs.watchtowr.com	Exploit, Third Party Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691	US Government Resource

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	smartertools	smartermail	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cisaActionDue": "2026-02-16",
  "cisaExploitAdd": "2026-01-26",
  "cisaRequiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
  "cisaVulnerabilityName": "SmarterTools SmarterMail Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Vulnerability",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:smartertools:smartermail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "A9F4301A-C277-47F6-841D-386EDD24EE67",
              "versionEndExcluding": "100.0.9413",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-52691",
  "lastModified": "2026-01-27T15:28:07.247",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 10.0,
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 6.0,
        "source": "5f57b9bf-260d-4433-bf07-b6a79e9bb7d4",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-12-29T03:15:42.837",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "5f57b9bf-260d-4433-bf07-b6a79e9bb7d4",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691?ref=labs.watchtowr.com"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "US Government Resource"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "5f57b9bf-260d-4433-bf07-b6a79e9bb7d4",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-434"
        }
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-52691 (GCVE-0-2025-52691)

CISA KEV

Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant

Timestamps

Scope

Evidence

Vendor Report Successful Exploitation Confidence: 80% Source: cisa-kev

Details

References

NCSC-2025-0404

GHSA-C9VJ-8FWR-4GVQ

FKIE_CVE-2025-52691

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature