Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-53528 (GCVE-0-2025-53528)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-21 20:15 – Updated: 2025-07-23 15:01

Title

Cadwyn is vulnerable to an XSS attack through its docs page

Summary

Cadwyn creates production-ready community-driven modern Stripe-like API versioning in FastAPI. In versions before 5.4.3, the version parameter of the "/docs" endpoint is vulnerable to a Reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack. This XSS would notably allow an attacker to execute JavaScript code on a user's session for any application based on Cadwyn via a one-click attack. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 5.4.3.

Severity

7.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-07-22 19:55 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root

CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7994 records in the last 180 days details

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/commit/b424ecd5…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
zmievsa	cadwyn	Affected: < 5.4.3	guessed

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-53528

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-07-21 21:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:38

Severity

7.6 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/commit/b424ecd57cd8dabbc8fe39b8f8ccafea629c7728
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/security/advisories/GHSA-2gxp-6r36-m97r

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "cadwyn",
          "vendor": "zmievsa",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 5.4.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Cadwyn creates production-ready community-driven modern Stripe-like API versioning in FastAPI. In versions before 5.4.3, the version parameter of the \"/docs\" endpoint is vulnerable to a Reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack. This XSS would notably allow an attacker to execute JavaScript code on a user\u0027s session for any application based on Cadwyn via a one-click attack. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 5.4.3."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Cadwyn crea un control de versiones de API moderno, similar a Stripe, basado en la comunidad y listo para producci\u00f3n en FastAPI. En las versiones 5.4.3 y anteriores, el par\u00e1metro de versi\u00f3n del endpoint \"/docs\" es vulnerable a un ataque XSS reflejado (Cross-Site Scripting). Este XSS permitir\u00eda a un atacante ejecutar c\u00f3digo JavaScript en la sesi\u00f3n de un usuario para cualquier aplicaci\u00f3n basada en Cadwyn mediante un ataque de un solo clic. La vulnerabilidad se ha corregido en la versi\u00f3n 5.4.4."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-53528",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:38:23.330",
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GHSA-2GXP-6R36-M97R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 14:08 – Updated: 2025-07-23 18:41

Summary

Cadwyn vulnerable to XSS on the docs page

Details

Summary

The version parameter of the /docs endpoint is vulnerable to a Reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack.

PoC

Setup a minimal app following the quickstart guide: https://docs.cadwyn.dev/quickstart/setup/
Click on the following PoC link: http://localhost:8000/docs?version=%27%2balert(document.domain)%2b%27

Impact

Refer to this security advisory for an example of the impact of a similar vulnerability that shares the same root cause.

This XSS would notably allow an attacker to execute JavaScript code on a user's session for any application based on Cadwyn via a one-click attack.

A CVSS for the average case may be: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

Details

The vulnerable code snippet can be found in the 2 functions swagger_dashboard and redoc_dashboard: https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/blob/main/cadwyn/applications.py#L387-L413

The implementation uses the get_swagger_ui_html function from FastAPI. This function does not encode or sanitize its arguments before using them to generate the HTML for the swagger documentation page and is not intended to be used with user-controlled arguments.

    async def swagger_dashboard(self, req: Request) -> Response:
        version = req.query_params.get("version")

        if version:
            root_path = self._extract_root_path(req)
            openapi_url = root_path + f"{self.openapi_url}?version={version}"
            oauth2_redirect_url = self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url
            if oauth2_redirect_url:
                oauth2_redirect_url = root_path + oauth2_redirect_url
            return get_swagger_ui_html(
                openapi_url=openapi_url,
                title=f"{self.title} - Swagger UI",
                oauth2_redirect_url=oauth2_redirect_url,
                init_oauth=self.swagger_ui_init_oauth,
                swagger_ui_parameters=self.swagger_ui_parameters,
            )
        return self._render_docs_dashboard(req, cast("str", self.docs_url))

In this case, the openapi_url variable contains the version which comes from a user supplied query string without encoding or sanitisation. The user controlled injection ends up inside of a string in a <script> tag context: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/blob/master/fastapi/openapi/docs.py#L132

    f"""
    ...
    const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({{
        url: '{openapi_url}',
    """

By simply injecting a single quote we can escape from the string context and execute JavaScript like so '+alert(document.domain)+'

The resulting HTML sent back from the server contains the following injection:

  const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({
        url: '/openapi/flows.json?flows='+alert(document.domain)+'',

Severity

7.6 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "cadwyn"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53528"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-21T14:08:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T21:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe `version` parameter of the `/docs` endpoint is vulnerable to a Reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack.\n\n### PoC\n1. Setup a minimal app following the quickstart guide: https://docs.cadwyn.dev/quickstart/setup/\n2. Click on the following PoC link: http://localhost:8000/docs?version=%27%2balert(document.domain)%2b%27\n\n### Impact\nRefer to this [security advisory](https://github.com/Visionatrix/Visionatrix/security/advisories/GHSA-w36r-9jvx-q48v) for an example of the impact of a similar vulnerability that shares the same root cause.\n\nThis XSS would notably allow an attacker to execute JavaScript code on a user\u0027s session for any application based on `Cadwyn` via a one-click attack.\n\nA CVSS for the average case may be: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L\n\n### Details\nThe vulnerable code snippet can be found in the 2 functions `swagger_dashboard` and `redoc_dashboard`: https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/blob/main/cadwyn/applications.py#L387-L413\n\nThe implementation uses the [get_swagger_ui_html](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/reference/openapi/docs/?h=get_swagger_ui_html#fastapi.openapi.docs.get_swagger_ui_html) function from FastAPI. This function does not encode or sanitize its arguments before using them to generate the HTML for the swagger documentation page and is not intended to be used with user-controlled arguments.\n\n```python\n    async def swagger_dashboard(self, req: Request) -\u003e Response:\n        version = req.query_params.get(\"version\")\n\n        if version:\n            root_path = self._extract_root_path(req)\n            openapi_url = root_path + f\"{self.openapi_url}?version={version}\"\n            oauth2_redirect_url = self.swagger_ui_oauth2_redirect_url\n            if oauth2_redirect_url:\n                oauth2_redirect_url = root_path + oauth2_redirect_url\n            return get_swagger_ui_html(\n                openapi_url=openapi_url,\n                title=f\"{self.title} - Swagger UI\",\n                oauth2_redirect_url=oauth2_redirect_url,\n                init_oauth=self.swagger_ui_init_oauth,\n                swagger_ui_parameters=self.swagger_ui_parameters,\n            )\n        return self._render_docs_dashboard(req, cast(\"str\", self.docs_url))\n```\n\nIn this case, the `openapi_url` variable contains the version which comes from a user supplied query string without encoding or sanitisation. The user controlled injection ends up inside of a string in a `\u003cscript\u003e` tag context: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/blob/master/fastapi/openapi/docs.py#L132\n\n```python\n    f\"\"\"\n    ...\n    const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({{\n        url: \u0027{openapi_url}\u0027,\n    \"\"\"\n```\n\nBy simply injecting a single quote we can escape from the string context and execute JavaScript like so `\u0027+alert(document.domain)+\u0027`\n\nThe resulting HTML sent back from the server contains the following injection:\n\n```python\n  const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({\n        url: \u0027/openapi/flows.json?flows=\u0027+alert(document.domain)+\u0027\u0027,\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-2gxp-6r36-m97r",
  "modified": "2025-07-23T18:41:43Z",
  "published": "2025-07-21T14:08:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/security/advisories/GHSA-2gxp-6r36-m97r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/commit/b424ecd57cd8dabbc8fe39b8f8ccafea629c7728"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/cadwyn/PYSEC-2025-71.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/blob/5.4.3/CHANGELOG.md#543"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cadwyn vulnerable to XSS on the docs page"
}

PYSEC-2025-71

Vulnerability from pysec - Published: 2025-07-21 21:15 - Updated: 2025-07-23 15:24

Details

Impacted products

Name	purl
cadwyn	pkg:pypi/cadwyn

Aliases

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "cadwyn",
        "purl": "pkg:pypi/cadwyn"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "b424ecd57cd8dabbc8fe39b8f8ccafea629c7728"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn",
          "type": "GIT"
        },
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.1.0",
        "0.2.0",
        "1.0.0",
        "1.0.1",
        "1.0.2",
        "1.0.3",
        "1.1.0",
        "1.2.0",
        "1.3.0",
        "2.0.0",
        "2.0.1",
        "2.0.2",
        "2.0.3",
        "2.0.4",
        "2.0.5",
        "2.1.0",
        "2.1.0rc0",
        "2.1.0rc1",
        "2.2.0",
        "2.3.0",
        "2.3.0rc0",
        "2.3.1",
        "2.3.2",
        "2.3.3",
        "2.3.4",
        "2.3.5",
        "3.0.0",
        "3.0.1",
        "3.0.2",
        "3.1.0",
        "3.1.1",
        "3.1.2",
        "3.1.3",
        "3.1.4",
        "3.10.0",
        "3.10.1",
        "3.11.0",
        "3.11.1",
        "3.12.0",
        "3.12.1",
        "3.13.0",
        "3.14.0",
        "3.15.0",
        "3.15.1",
        "3.15.10",
        "3.15.2",
        "3.15.3",
        "3.15.3a1",
        "3.15.3a2",
        "3.15.4",
        "3.15.5",
        "3.15.6",
        "3.15.7",
        "3.15.8",
        "3.15.9",
        "3.2.0",
        "3.3.0",
        "3.3.1",
        "3.3.2",
        "3.3.3",
        "3.3.4",
        "3.4.0",
        "3.4.0.dev0",
        "3.4.1",
        "3.4.2",
        "3.4.3",
        "3.4.4",
        "3.4.5",
        "3.5.0",
        "3.6.0",
        "3.6.0.dev0",
        "3.6.1",
        "3.6.2",
        "3.6.3",
        "3.6.4",
        "3.6.5",
        "3.6.6",
        "3.7.0",
        "3.7.1",
        "3.8.0",
        "3.9.0",
        "3.9.1",
        "4.0.0",
        "4.1.0",
        "4.2.0",
        "4.2.1",
        "4.2.2",
        "4.2.3",
        "4.2.4",
        "4.3.0",
        "4.3.1",
        "4.4.0",
        "4.4.1",
        "4.4.2",
        "4.4.3",
        "4.4.5",
        "4.5.0",
        "4.6.0",
        "4.6.0a1",
        "5.0.0",
        "5.0.0a1",
        "5.1.0",
        "5.1.0a1",
        "5.1.1",
        "5.1.2",
        "5.1.3",
        "5.1.4",
        "5.2.0",
        "5.2.1",
        "5.2.2",
        "5.3.0",
        "5.3.1",
        "5.3.2",
        "5.3.3",
        "5.4.1",
        "5.4.2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53528",
    "GHSA-2gxp-6r36-m97r"
  ],
  "details": "Cadwyn creates production-ready community-driven modern Stripe-like API versioning in FastAPI. In versions before 5.4.3, the version parameter of the \"/docs\" endpoint is vulnerable to a Reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack. This XSS would notably allow an attacker to execute JavaScript code on a user\u0027s session for any application based on Cadwyn via a one-click attack. The vulnerability has been fixed in version 5.4.3.",
  "id": "PYSEC-2025-71",
  "modified": "2025-07-23T15:24:03.825615+00:00",
  "published": "2025-07-21T21:15:25+00:00",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/security/advisories/GHSA-2gxp-6r36-m97r"
    },
    {
      "type": "FIX",
      "url": "https://github.com/zmievsa/cadwyn/commit/b424ecd57cd8dabbc8fe39b8f8ccafea629c7728"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

Order JSON

How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

Publication & reservation Sightings KEV catalogs Other timestamps

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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-53528 (GCVE-0-2025-53528)

FKIE_CVE-2025-53528

GHSA-2GXP-6R36-M97R

Summary

PoC

Impact

Details

PYSEC-2025-71

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Vulnerability timeline

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