CVE-2026-1035 (GCVE-0-2026-1035)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-21 05:52 – Updated: 2026-04-02 16:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition
Summary
A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak’s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-21 14:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6477 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6478 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4.11-1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4 |
Unaffected:
26.4-14 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.4.11 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.4::el9
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-01-21 00:00
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"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2430314",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-16T06:45:27.223Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-21T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Org.keycloak.protocol.oidc: keycloak refresh token reuse bypass via toctou race condition",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "To mitigate this issue, configure the `refreshTokenMaxReuse` policy in Keycloak to a value greater than zero. This prevents the race condition by allowing a limited number of reuses for refresh tokens, thereby maintaining the integrity of the Refresh Token Rotation hardening measure. Consult Keycloak documentation for specific configuration instructions. Changes to Keycloak configuration typically require a service restart or redeployment to take effect."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-1035",
"datePublished": "2026-01-21T05:52:22.495Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-16T07:03:59.680Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-02T13:59:02.853Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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