CVE-2026-119446 (GCVE-0-2026-119446)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 10:44 – Updated: 2026-11-10 17:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Session fixation in the CLI login flow allows an unauthenticated attacker to obtain a user's API token
Summary
Session Fixation vulnerability in the CLI login flow in nerves-hub nerves_hub_web allows an unauthenticated attacker to obtain an API token for another user's account via a crafted login link. Starting a CLI login with POST /api/auth/cli_session needs no authentication and returns a polling token, a confirmation URL that carries that token, and a confirmation code. When a signed-in user opens that URL and clicks Confirm, NervesHub.Accounts.verify_cli_session_token/2 creates an API token for the user's account and stores it on the login, and the next poll of GET /api/auth/cli_session/<token> returns it to whoever started the login.
The confirmation code is only displayed and is never compared with anything, so it cannot show that the person confirming is the one who started the login. The confirm form carries a CSRF token and the page cannot be framed, so the attacker has to persuade the user to open the link and click the button themselves.
This issue affects nerves_hub: from 2.5.0 before 2.5.3.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-384 - Session Fixation
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/secu… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-119446.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-119446 | related |
| https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/comm… | related |
| https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/comm… | patch |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nerves-hub | nerves_hub_web |
Affected:
2.5.0 , < 2.5.3
(other)
cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerves_hub_web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| nerves-hub | nerves_hub_web |
Affected:
2.5.0 , < 2.5.3
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerves_hub_web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
||
| nerves-hub | nerves_hub_web |
Affected:
e6bf11a812d7aa8b69d854ba8ef02d65516f5564 , < 3131f1701194b581ab4b3e5e9d81194fc9c83508
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerves_hub_web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-11-10 10:44
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"value": "\u003cp\u003eBlock \u003ccode\u003ePOST /api/auth/cli_session\u003c/code\u003e at the reverse proxy until the upgrade. It is the only entry point that creates a CLI login, so no link can be produced while it is blocked. CLIs can still sign in with an email and password (\u003ccode\u003enh user auth\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ePOST /api/users/auth\u003c/code\u003e), or use an API token created on the account page.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"value": "\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWith no account, run \u003ccode\u003ecurl -X POST https://\u0026lt;host\u0026gt;/api/auth/cli_session\u003c/code\u003e. Note \u003ccode\u003etoken\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eurl\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003econfirmation_code\u003c/code\u003e from the response.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSend \u003ccode\u003eurl\u003c/code\u003e to someone with a NervesHub account, with a message such as \"Please verify your NervesHub CLI access. Your code is \u003ccode\u003e\u0026lt;confirmation_code\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e.\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThey open it while signed in, see the code they were told to expect, and click \"Confirm login\".\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecurl https://\u0026lt;host\u0026gt;/api/auth/cli_session/\u0026lt;token\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e returns \u003ccode\u003e\"status\": \"ready\"\u003c/code\u003e and a \u003ccode\u003euser_token\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSend API requests with \u003ccode\u003eAuthorization: token \u0026lt;user_token\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e. They run as the person who confirmed.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"
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"value": "1. With no account, run `curl -X POST https://\u003chost\u003e/api/auth/cli_session`. Note `token`, `url` and `confirmation_code` from the response.\n2. Send `url` to someone with a NervesHub account, with a message such as \"Please verify your NervesHub CLI access. Your code is `\u003cconfirmation_code\u003e`.\"\n3. They open it while signed in, see the code they were told to expect, and click \"Confirm login\".\n4. `curl https://\u003chost\u003e/api/auth/cli_session/\u003ctoken\u003e` returns `\"status\": \"ready\"` and a `user_token`.\n5. Send API requests with `Authorization: token \u003cuser_token\u003e`. They run as the person who confirmed."
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"value": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1. Starting a login.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003enh user login\u003c/code\u003e, like any client of this flow, calls \u003ccode\u003ePOST /api/auth/cli_session\u003c/code\u003e, which needs no authentication. \u003ccode\u003eNervesHubWeb.API.UserController.cli_session/2\u003c/code\u003e calls \u003ccode\u003eNervesHub.Accounts.generate_cli_session_token/1\u003c/code\u003e, which stores a waiting login in the CLI session cache under a random UUID token with a six-digit confirmation code, and responds with the token, the code, and the URL \u003ccode\u003e/auth/cli/\u0026lt;token\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. Approving a login.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003eGET /auth/cli/\u0026lt;token\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e requires a signed-in web user. \u003ccode\u003eNervesHubWeb.SessionController.cli/2\u003c/code\u003e finds the login by the token from the URL, shows the code, and renders a form that posts back to \u003ccode\u003e/auth/cli/\u0026lt;token\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e. The form carries no code field. \u003ccode\u003ecli_confirm/2\u003c/code\u003e passes the signed-in user and the token to \u003ccode\u003eNervesHub.Accounts.verify_cli_session_token/2\u003c/code\u003e, which creates an API token for that user with \u003ccode\u003ecreate_user_api_token/2\u003c/code\u003e and stores it on the login. Nothing compares the confirmation code with anything.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3. Collecting the token.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003ccode\u003eGET /api/auth/cli_session/\u0026lt;token\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e, also unauthenticated, returns the stored API token once the login is confirmed. Whoever started the login holds the token from step 1 and can poll until it arrives. The token is an ordinary API token and stays valid until the user deletes it.\u003c/p\u003e"
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"type": "text/markdown",
"value": "**1. Starting a login.** `nh user login`, like any client of this flow, calls `POST /api/auth/cli_session`, which needs no authentication. `NervesHubWeb.API.UserController.cli_session/2` calls `NervesHub.Accounts.generate_cli_session_token/1`, which stores a waiting login in the CLI session cache under a random UUID token with a six-digit confirmation code, and responds with the token, the code, and the URL `/auth/cli/\u003ctoken\u003e`.\n\n**2. Approving a login.** `GET /auth/cli/\u003ctoken\u003e` requires a signed-in web user. `NervesHubWeb.SessionController.cli/2` finds the login by the token from the URL, shows the code, and renders a form that posts back to `/auth/cli/\u003ctoken\u003e`. The form carries no code field. `cli_confirm/2` passes the signed-in user and the token to `NervesHub.Accounts.verify_cli_session_token/2`, which creates an API token for that user with `create_user_api_token/2` and stores it on the login. Nothing compares the confirmation code with anything.\n\n**3. Collecting the token.** `GET /api/auth/cli_session/\u003ctoken\u003e`, also unauthenticated, returns the stored API token once the login is confirmed. Whoever started the login holds the token from step 1 and can poll until it arrives. The token is an ordinary API token and stays valid until the user deletes it."
}
],
"value": "1. Starting a login. nh user login, like any client of this flow, calls POST /api/auth/cli_session, which needs no authentication. NervesHubWeb.API.UserController.cli_session/2 calls NervesHub.Accounts.generate_cli_session_token/1, which stores a waiting login in the CLI session cache under a random UUID token with a six-digit confirmation code, and responds with the token, the code, and the URL /auth/cli/\u003ctoken\u003e.\n\n2. Approving a login. GET /auth/cli/\u003ctoken\u003e requires a signed-in web user. NervesHubWeb.SessionController.cli/2 finds the login by the token from the URL, shows the code, and renders a form that posts back to /auth/cli/\u003ctoken\u003e. The form carries no code field. cli_confirm/2 passes the signed-in user and the token to NervesHub.Accounts.verify_cli_session_token/2, which creates an API token for that user with create_user_api_token/2 and stores it on the login. Nothing compares the confirmation code with anything.\n\n3. Collecting the token. GET /api/auth/cli_session/\u003ctoken\u003e, also unauthenticated, returns the stored API token once the login is confirmed. Whoever started the login holds the token from step 1 and can poll until it arrives. The token is an ordinary API token and stays valid until the user deletes it."
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-119446",
"datePublished": "2026-11-10T10:44:15.336Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-11-07T21:44:37.269Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-11-10T17:11:05.623Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://ghcr.io",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerves_hub_web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.Router\u0027"
],
"packageName": "nerves-hub/nerves-hub",
"packageURL": "pkg:oci/nerves-hub?repository_url=ghcr.io%2Fnerves-hub%2Fnerves-hub",
"product": "nerves_hub_web",
"programFiles": [
"lib/nerves_hub_web/controllers/api/user_controller.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub_web/controllers/session_controller.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub/accounts.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub_web/router.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027:cli_session/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027:check_cli_session/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027:cli/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027:cli_confirm/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:generate_cli_session_token/1"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:cli_session_waiting?/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:verify_cli_session_token/2"
}
],
"vendor": "nerves-hub",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.5.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.0",
"versionType": "other"
}
]
},
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerves_hub_web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.Router\u0027"
],
"packageName": "nerves_hub",
"packageURL": "pkg:otp/nerves_hub?repository_url=https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnerves-hub%2Fnerves_hub_web\u0026vcs_url=git%2Bhttps:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fnerves-hub%2Fnerves_hub_web.git",
"product": "nerves_hub_web",
"programFiles": [
"lib/nerves_hub_web/controllers/api/user_controller.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub_web/controllers/session_controller.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub/accounts.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub_web/router.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027:cli_session/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027:check_cli_session/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027:cli/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027:cli_confirm/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:generate_cli_session_token/1"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:cli_session_waiting?/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:verify_cli_session_token/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web",
"vendor": "nerves-hub",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.5.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.5.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com",
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerves_hub_web:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027",
"\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.Router\u0027"
],
"packageName": "nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web",
"product": "nerves_hub_web",
"programFiles": [
"lib/nerves_hub_web/controllers/api/user_controller.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub_web/controllers/session_controller.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub/accounts.ex",
"lib/nerves_hub_web/router.ex"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027:cli_session/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.API.UserController\u0027:check_cli_session/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027:cli/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHubWeb.SessionController\u0027:cli_confirm/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:generate_cli_session_token/1"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:cli_session_waiting?/2"
},
{
"name": "\u0027Elixir.NervesHub.Accounts\u0027:verify_cli_session_token/2"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web",
"vendor": "nerves-hub",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "3131f1701194b581ab4b3e5e9d81194fc9c83508",
"status": "affected",
"version": "e6bf11a812d7aa8b69d854ba8ef02d65516f5564",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
}
],
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Session Fixation vulnerability in the CLI login flow in nerves-hub nerves_hub_web allows an unauthenticated attacker to obtain an API token for another user\u0027s account via a crafted login link. Starting a CLI login with POST /api/auth/cli_session needs no authentication and returns a polling token, a confirmation URL that carries that token, and a confirmation code. When a signed-in user opens that URL and clicks Confirm, NervesHub.Accounts.verify_cli_session_token/2 creates an API token for the user\u0027s account and stores it on the login, and the next poll of GET /api/auth/cli_session/\u003ctoken\u003e returns it to whoever started the login.\n\nThe confirmation code is only displayed and is never compared with anything, so it cannot show that the person confirming is the one who started the login. The confirm form carries a CSRF token and the page cannot be framed, so the attacker has to persuade the user to open the link and click the button themselves.\n\nThis issue affects nerves_hub: from 2.5.0 before 2.5.3."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-119446",
"lastModified": "2026-11-10T17:17:23.017",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 9.4,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2026-11-10T11:16:40.290",
"references": [
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-119446.html"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/commit/3131f1701194b581ab4b3e5e9d81194fc9c83508"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/commit/e6bf11a812d7aa8b69d854ba8ef02d65516f5564"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/security/advisories/GHSA-9vr9-463q-46qp"
},
{
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-119446"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"vulnStatus": "Received",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-384"
}
],
"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
}
}
}
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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
How durations are calculated
Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.
Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.