Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-47072 (GCVE-0-2026-47072)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-25 14:00 – Updated: 2026-05-27 15:41

Title

CRLF injection in WebSocket upgrade request in hackney

Summary

Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows HTTP Request/Response Splitting. The WebSocket upgrade code in src/hackney_ws.erl copies the host, path, headers (ExtraHeaders), and protocols options from the caller-supplied opts map into the internal #ws_data{} record in init/1 and then splices them verbatim into the raw HTTP/1.1 upgrade request by binary concatenation in do_handshake/1. No CRLF or NUL stripping is performed at any of these four injection sites. An attacker who controls any of these options — for example by forwarding URL components or header values from untrusted input into hackney_ws:start_link/1 — can inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the outbound WebSocket upgrade request, leading to header injection, credential spoofing toward the upstream server, log and cache poisoning, or request smuggling via intermediary proxies. This issue affects hackney: from 2.0.0 before 4.0.1.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')

Assigner

EEF

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/security/advis…	vendor-advisoryrelated
https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47072.html	related
https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47072	related
https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/52310ca…	patch

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
benoitc	hackney	Affected: 2.0.0 , < 4.0.1 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:benoitc:hackney::::::::
benoitc	hackney	Affected: 690cecaf236fba49526da404a5bc889a24367a3e , < 52310ca807e7b48441ba0e9129171f535313fdd1 (git) cpe:2.3:a:benoitc:hackney::::::::

Credits

Peter Ullrich Benoit Chesneau Jonatan Männchen / EEF

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-47072

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-25 15:16 - Updated: 2026-06-17 10:54

Severity

7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Summary

References

URL	Tags
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47072.html	Patch, Third Party Advisory
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/52310ca807e7b48441ba0e9129171f535313fdd1	Patch
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/security/advisories/GHSA-f9vr-g2g2-x9fg	Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory
6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db	https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47072	Patch, Third Party Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/security/advisories/GHSA-f9vr-g2g2-x9fg	Exploit, Patch, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	benoitc	hackney	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:benoitc:hackney:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "hackney_ws"
          ],
          "packageName": "hackney",
          "packageURL": "pkg:hex/hackney",
          "product": "hackney",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/hackney_ws.erl"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "hackney_ws:do_handshake/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "hackney_ws:init/1"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney",
          "vendor": "benoitc",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.0.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:benoitc:hackney:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "hackney_ws"
          ],
          "packageName": "benoitc/hackney",
          "packageURL": "pkg:github/benoitc/hackney",
          "product": "hackney",
          "programFiles": [
            "src/hackney_ws.erl"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "hackney_ws:do_handshake/1"
            },
            {
              "name": "hackney_ws:init/1"
            }
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney",
          "vendor": "benoitc",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "52310ca807e7b48441ba0e9129171f535313fdd1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "690cecaf236fba49526da404a5bc889a24367a3e",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"
    }
  ],
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:benoitc:hackney:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "B119C170-E9CA-4AEE-BE04-F074E70CBF82",
              "versionEndExcluding": "4.0.1",
              "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (\u0027CRLF Injection\u0027) vulnerability in benoitc hackney allows HTTP Request/Response Splitting. The WebSocket upgrade code in src/hackney_ws.erl copies the host, path, headers (ExtraHeaders), and protocols options from the caller-supplied opts map into the internal #ws_data{} record in init/1 and then splices them verbatim into the raw HTTP/1.1 upgrade request by binary concatenation in do_handshake/1. No CRLF or NUL stripping is performed at any of these four injection sites. An attacker who controls any of these options \u2014 for example by forwarding URL components or header values from untrusted input into hackney_ws:start_link/1 \u2014 can inject arbitrary HTTP headers into the outbound WebSocket upgrade request, leading to header injection, credential spoofing toward the upstream server, log and cache poisoning, or request smuggling via intermediary proxies.\n\nThis issue affects hackney: from 2.0.0 before 4.0.1."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-47072",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:54:17.943",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
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        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "type": "Primary"
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          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
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          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
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        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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          "options": [
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            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
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              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-26T15:46:12.092004Z",
          "version": "2.0.3"
        }
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  "published": "2026-05-25T15:16:22.280",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47072.html"
    },
    {
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
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    },
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      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
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        "Patch",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47072"
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/security/advisories/GHSA-f9vr-g2g2-x9fg"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-93"
        }
      ],
      "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
      "type": "Secondary"
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}

GHSA-F9VR-G2G2-X9FG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 21:59 – Updated: 2026-06-26 21:59

Summary

Hackney has CRLF / header injection in WebSocket upgrade request

Details

Summary

CRLF injection in hackney's WebSocket upgrade request builder (src/hackney_ws.erl). init/1 copies the host, path, headers, and protocols options from the caller-supplied opts map verbatim into #ws_data{}, and do_handshake/1 splices them directly into the raw HTTP/1.1 upgrade request by binary concatenation with no \r\n or \0 stripping. A caller that passes any of these fields from untrusted input can inject arbitrary header lines into the outbound upgrade request.

Details

do_handshake/1 builds the upgrade request at several concatenation sites:

Host header (lines 583–590): the host binary is written straight into Host: <host>:<port>\r\n.
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol (lines 601–602): protocol tokens are joined with , and appended as a header line.
Extra headers (line 606): caller-supplied {Name, Value} tuples are concatenated as Name: Value\r\n with no sanitization of either component.
Request path (line 611): the path is interpolated into the GET <path> HTTP/1.1\r\n request line.

None of these sites reject \r, \n, or \0. A header value like <<"benign\r\nAuthorization: Bearer token">> produces two distinct header lines on the wire. A path with an embedded \r\n rewrites the request line itself.

PoC

Call :hackney_ws.start_link/1 with headers: [{"X-User", "v\r\nAuthorization: Bearer attacker"}].
Connect to a raw TCP listener and capture the bytes hackney writes.
The request contains a standalone Authorization: Bearer attacker line that the upstream WebSocket server parses as a legitimate header.

Impact

Header injection / request smuggling in outbound WebSocket upgrades. Affects hackney 2.0.0 through 4.0.0 wherever host, path, headers, or protocols options are populated from network or user input. Consequences include forging authentication headers toward the upstream server, log and cache poisoning, and request smuggling through intermediary proxies. CVSS v4.0: 6.9 (MEDIUM).

Resources

Introduction commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/690cecaf236fba49526da404a5bc889a24367a3e
Patch commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/52310ca807e7b48441ba0e9129171f535313fdd1

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Hex",
        "name": "hackney"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47072"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-93"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-26T21:59:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-25T15:16:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nCRLF injection in hackney\u0027s WebSocket upgrade request builder (`src/hackney_ws.erl`). `init/1` copies the `host`, `path`, `headers`, and `protocols` options from the caller-supplied opts map verbatim into `#ws_data{}`, and `do_handshake/1` splices them directly into the raw HTTP/1.1 upgrade request by binary concatenation with no `\\r\\n` or `\\0` stripping. A caller that passes any of these fields from untrusted input can inject arbitrary header lines into the outbound upgrade request.\n\n### Details\n\n`do_handshake/1` builds the upgrade request at several concatenation sites:\n\n- **Host header** (lines 583\u2013590): the host binary is written straight into `Host: \u003chost\u003e:\u003cport\u003e\\r\\n`.\n- **Sec-WebSocket-Protocol** (lines 601\u2013602): protocol tokens are joined with `, ` and appended as a header line.\n- **Extra headers** (line 606): caller-supplied `{Name, Value}` tuples are concatenated as `Name: Value\\r\\n` with no sanitization of either component.\n- **Request path** (line 611): the path is interpolated into the `GET \u003cpath\u003e HTTP/1.1\\r\\n` request line.\n\nNone of these sites reject `\\r`, `\\n`, or `\\0`. A header value like `\u003c\u003c\"benign\\r\\nAuthorization: Bearer token\"\u003e\u003e` produces two distinct header lines on the wire. A path with an embedded `\\r\\n` rewrites the request line itself.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Call `:hackney_ws.start_link/1` with `headers: [{\"X-User\", \"v\\r\\nAuthorization: Bearer attacker\"}]`.\n2. Connect to a raw TCP listener and capture the bytes hackney writes.\n3. The request contains a standalone `Authorization: Bearer attacker` line that the upstream WebSocket server parses as a legitimate header.\n\n### Impact\n\nHeader injection / request smuggling in outbound WebSocket upgrades. Affects hackney 2.0.0 through 4.0.0 wherever `host`, `path`, `headers`, or `protocols` options are populated from network or user input. Consequences include forging authentication headers toward the upstream server, log and cache poisoning, and request smuggling through intermediary proxies. CVSS v4.0: **6.9 (MEDIUM)**.\n\n## Resources\n\n* Introduction commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/690cecaf236fba49526da404a5bc889a24367a3e\n* Patch commit: https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/52310ca807e7b48441ba0e9129171f535313fdd1",
  "id": "GHSA-f9vr-g2g2-x9fg",
  "modified": "2026-06-26T21:59:44Z",
  "published": "2026-06-26T21:59:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/security/advisories/GHSA-f9vr-g2g2-x9fg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47072"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney/commit/52310ca807e7b48441ba0e9129171f535313fdd1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47072.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/benoitc/hackney"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47072"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:H/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Hackney has CRLF / header injection in WebSocket upgrade request"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-47072 (GCVE-0-2026-47072)

FKIE_CVE-2026-47072

GHSA-F9VR-G2G2-X9FG

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

Resources

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature