CVE-2026-63875 (GCVE-0-2026-63875)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-19 14:54 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
arm64: tlb: Flush walk cache when unsharing PMD tables
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
arm64: tlb: Flush walk cache when unsharing PMD tables
When huge_pmd_unshare() is called to unshare a PMD table, the
tlb_unshare_pmd_ptdesc() function sets tlb->unshared_tables=true
but the aarch64 tlb_flush() only checked tlb->freed_tables to
determine whether to use TLBF_NONE (vae1is, invalidates walk
cache) or TLBF_NOWALKCACHE (vale1is, leaf-only).
This caused the stale PMD page table entry to remain in the walk cache
after unshare, potentially leading to incorrect page table walks.
Fix by including unshared_tables in the check, so that when
unsharing tables, TLBF_NONE is used and the walk cache is properly
invalidated.
Here is the detailed distinction between vae1is and vale1is:
| Instruction Combination | Actual Invalidation Scope |
| ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------|
| `VAE1IS` + TTL=`0` | All entries at all levels (full invalidation) |
| `VAE1IS` + TTL=`2` (L2) | Non-leaf at Level 0/1 + leaf at Level 2 |
| `VALE1IS` + TTL=`0` | Leaf entries at all levels (non-leaf not cleared) |
| `VALE1IS` + TTL=`2` (L2) | Leaf entry at Level 2 only |
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6495204f8219a57859669d618b25d06176d5a872 , < dced308d7d6a0de1c09d2058f38f1aaaf5cbb914
(git)
Affected: ce4cf24761467756462c0e1dbe4a5e9c9eb520fc , < 47490bbb05c8c0e09cc3cfd237d8934ffc340583 (git) Affected: daa6707b71a2da23a82979fa21f788aeb706f1a2 , < 0199c9d57861f17b556b6cba1f765c7cce79745b (git) Affected: ff37dd18ce7739a26aab0cc2d31006a45e6bde63 , < d766a49d9b55705c4737cd8bb5d3faa2d31330fd (git) Affected: da06bb0ca45b1ca6f1ab55023e34e61a520337f3 , < 8ca7284da0e67b3e71d90ec17f08286774245ad9 (git) Affected: 9b671f6f432be07c0ddd66e437d6d0e0db684f83 , < fe93e907b1af03cc229a80aa64a570a103d2b279 (git) Affected: 8ce720d5bd91e9dc16db3604aa4b1bf76770a9a1 , < 48125cd9c55cbe297b59fd1f9bda48b0960bd181 (git) Affected: 8ce720d5bd91e9dc16db3604aa4b1bf76770a9a1 , < c2ff4764e03e7a8d758352f4aceb8fe1be6ac971 (git) Affected: 5.10.253 , < 5.10.259 (semver) Affected: 5.15.203 , < 5.15.210 (semver) Affected: 6.1.167 , < 6.1.176 (semver) Affected: 6.6.127 , < 6.6.143 (semver) Affected: 6.12.74 , < 6.12.93 (semver) Affected: 6.18.13 , < 6.18.35 (semver) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.19
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.19 (semver) Unaffected: 5.10.259 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver) Unaffected: 5.15.210 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.1.176 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.6.143 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.93 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.35 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.0.12 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\narm64: tlb: Flush walk cache when unsharing PMD tables\n\nWhen huge_pmd_unshare() is called to unshare a PMD table, the\ntlb_unshare_pmd_ptdesc() function sets tlb-\u003eunshared_tables=true\nbut the aarch64 tlb_flush() only checked tlb-\u003efreed_tables to\ndetermine whether to use TLBF_NONE (vae1is, invalidates walk\ncache) or TLBF_NOWALKCACHE (vale1is, leaf-only).\n\nThis caused the stale PMD page table entry to remain in the walk cache\nafter unshare, potentially leading to incorrect page table walks.\n\nFix by including unshared_tables in the check, so that when\nunsharing tables, TLBF_NONE is used and the walk cache is properly\ninvalidated.\n\nHere is the detailed distinction between vae1is and vale1is:\n\n| Instruction Combination | Actual Invalidation Scope |\n| ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------|\n| `VAE1IS` + TTL=`0` | All entries at all levels (full invalidation) |\n| `VAE1IS` + TTL=`2` (L2) | Non-leaf at Level 0/1 + leaf at Level 2 |\n| `VALE1IS` + TTL=`0` | Leaf entries at all levels (non-leaf not cleared) |\n| `VALE1IS` + TTL=`2` (L2) | Leaf entry at Level 2 only |"
}
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
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"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable `tlb_flush()` path is only reached through local memory-management syscalls (mmap/munmap/mprotect/mremap/fork) operating on hugetlb VMAs, not through any network-facing kernel service.\nAC:L - An attacker fully controls the trigger sequence\u2014creating shared hugetlbfs mappings (\u22651GB PUD-aligned), forking to establish shared PMD tables, and concurrently unmapping/mprotecting/mremapping to force `huge_pmd_unshare()`\u2014with no conditions outside their control.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires only an unprivileged local user capable of mapping shared hugetlb pages via hugetlbfs or SHM_HUGETLB, which is commonly available on arm64 database and container hosts with pre-reserved huge pages.\nUI:N - No victim interaction is required; the attacker sets up and triggers the stale walk-cache condition entirely within processes they control.\nS:U - Impact is confined to kernel memory-management within the same security authority (incorrect page-table walks and cross-mapping leakage within the kernel), not a VM escape or cross-authority boundary break.\nC:H - Stale non-leaf walk-cache entries after `pud_clear()` can cause incorrect page-table walks, enabling reads of memory that should be unmapped or mapped to different physical pages, constituting an arbitrary memory read primitive.\nI:H - Incorrect translations from stale PMD walk-cache entries can direct stores to unintended physical pages, and freed/reused page-table pages reached via stale cache entries provide a write/corruption primitive exploitable for control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - Stale walk-cache pointers to cleared or freed page-table structures can cause kernel faults, oops, or panics during page walks or concurrent GUP-fast access on the affected address space."
}
]
}
],
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48125cd9c55cbe297b59fd1f9bda48b0960bd181"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2ff4764e03e7a8d758352f4aceb8fe1be6ac971"
}
],
"title": "arm64: tlb: Flush walk cache when unsharing PMD tables",
"x_generator": {
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"datePublished": "2026-07-19T14:54:48.842Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-19T07:54:57.017Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:36:48.899Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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"date": "2026-09-28",
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"versions": [
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\narm64: tlb: Flush walk cache when unsharing PMD tables\n\nWhen huge_pmd_unshare() is called to unshare a PMD table, the\ntlb_unshare_pmd_ptdesc() function sets tlb-\u003eunshared_tables=true\nbut the aarch64 tlb_flush() only checked tlb-\u003efreed_tables to\ndetermine whether to use TLBF_NONE (vae1is, invalidates walk\ncache) or TLBF_NOWALKCACHE (vale1is, leaf-only).\n\nThis caused the stale PMD page table entry to remain in the walk cache\nafter unshare, potentially leading to incorrect page table walks.\n\nFix by including unshared_tables in the check, so that when\nunsharing tables, TLBF_NONE is used and the walk cache is properly\ninvalidated.\n\nHere is the detailed distinction between vae1is and vale1is:\n\n| Instruction Combination | Actual Invalidation Scope |\n| ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------|\n| `VAE1IS` + TTL=`0` | All entries at all levels (full invalidation) |\n| `VAE1IS` + TTL=`2` (L2) | Non-leaf at Level 0/1 + leaf at Level 2 |\n| `VALE1IS` + TTL=`0` | Leaf entries at all levels (non-leaf not cleared) |\n| `VALE1IS` + TTL=`2` (L2) | Leaf entry at Level 2 only |"
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-63875",
"lastModified": "2026-07-27T17:44:23.777",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
},
"published": "2026-07-19T16:17:04.357",
"references": [
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{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/47490bbb05c8c0e09cc3cfd237d8934ffc340583"
},
{
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{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ca7284da0e67b3e71d90ec17f08286774245ad9"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c2ff4764e03e7a8d758352f4aceb8fe1be6ac971"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d766a49d9b55705c4737cd8bb5d3faa2d31330fd"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dced308d7d6a0de1c09d2058f38f1aaaf5cbb914"
},
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fe93e907b1af03cc229a80aa64a570a103d2b279"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis"
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-28T22:10:00+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2026-63875",
"id": "CVE-2026-63875",
"initial_release_date": "2026-07-19T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:fixed": "453",
"product_status:known_affected": "22",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "118",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: arm64: tlb: Flush walk cache when unsharing PMD tables",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-63875.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-10T02:30:51Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-63875",
"id": "CVE-2026-63875",
"initial_release_date": "2026-07-21T13:04:27Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "226",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "150",
"product_status:recommended": "145",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-63875",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-63875.json",
"version": "9"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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