CVE-2026-72491 (GCVE-0-2026-72491)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-15 05:57 – Updated: 2026-08-17 05:44
VLAI
Title
net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c The rdma->state field is modified without holding req_lock in both recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses the same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking creates a race condition: - recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets rdma->state = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock - p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma->state at multiple points (ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without req_lock - rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(&rdma->req_lock, flags) to protect the read-modify-write of rdma->state The race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM event handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request() is concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to the FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This corrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on RDMA request objects during teardown. Fix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma->state modifications in recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already used in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore in the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs in softirq context. Tested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating rdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma->state with proper locking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost transitions.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 4cee2b8766045059d5e0b8114837b4a8efe827ac (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454 (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 151f8cf5b23d8a534d884432a82a6d54d5a61989 (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 13bf9879b778b2f4b260b45bed18f31806120d1e (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < ebbcbe5c0db215feecc17def06178da443f4eea6 (git)
Affected: 473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b , < 7d54894a1ee265a72d70f7cae1da6cc774cccc71 (git)
Affected: 3479b3c35e82ed10aa0ca2ee9e78c4eded06ba62 (git)
Affected: c01ddaa54d7411e964ffd250c018d8469c5852f2 (git)
Affected: 9e69c673fe077b8dc491cd8406c9bdcb1f76dee2 (git)
Affected: e48e7e27e4dfd00c81e0381e7cee610cce021452 (git)
Affected: 4.4.185 , < 4.5 (semver)
Affected: 4.9.185 , < 4.10 (semver)
Affected: 4.14.132 , < 4.15 (semver)
Affected: 4.19.57 , < 4.20 (semver)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.20
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.20 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.261 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.212 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.178 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.145 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.97 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.40 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.5 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c\n\nThe rdma-\u003estate field is modified without holding req_lock in both\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses\nthe same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking\ncreates a race condition:\n\n- recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets\n  rdma-\u003estate = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock\n\n- p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma-\u003estate at multiple points\n  (ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without\n  req_lock\n\n- rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(\u0026rdma-\u003ereq_lock, flags) to\n  protect the read-modify-write of rdma-\u003estate\n\nThe race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM\nevent handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request()\nis concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to\nthe FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This\ncorrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on\nRDMA request objects during teardown.\n\nFix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma-\u003estate modifications in\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already\nused in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore\nin the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs\nin softirq context.\n\nTested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating\nrdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma-\u003estate with proper\nlocking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost\ntransitions."
        }
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:N - The 9p RDMA client processes RDMA receive completions and CM disconnect events from the remote peer in recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(); a malicious or compromised 9p server over RoCE/iWARP can trigger err_out and concurrent teardown without local access.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race by sending malformed 9p RDMA replies to drive recv_done() into err_out while forcing disconnects and concurrent rdma_request() error paths; no uncontrollable memory layout or rare victim state is required.\nPR:N - A remote malicious 9p RDMA server needs no credentials on the victim kernel; HPC clusters and virtio-9p backends with persistent trans=rdma mounts let the server alone time malformed replies against in-flight client requests.\nUI:N - No per-attack victim action is needed on existing 9p RDMA mounts\u2014automated workloads, parallel I/O, and server-initiated RDMA disconnects concurrently reach recv_done() and rdma_request() during normal filesystem operation.\nS:U - Impact is kernel heap corruption and local privilege escalation within the victim kernel security domain; UAF on p9_req_t during RDMA teardown does not cross VM, container, or IOMMU isolation boundaries.\nC:H - Lost FLUSHING state transitions corrupt the connection teardown state machine and cause use-after-free on RDMA request (p9_req_t) objects; UAF provides attacker-influenced freed-heap contents usable for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - Corrupted rdma-\u003estate frees in-flight p9_req_t structures while send_done() and p9_client_cb() still hold references, enabling heap grooming and arbitrary kernel write or control-flow hijack primitives.\nA:H - Use-after-free during RDMA request teardown causes kernel oops or panic when dangling p9_req_t objects are accessed, and state-machine corruption alone can hang or crash the 9p RDMA transport."
            }
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      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:52.224Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cee2b8766045059d5e0b8114837b4a8efe827ac"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/151f8cf5b23d8a534d884432a82a6d54d5a61989"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13bf9879b778b2f4b260b45bed18f31806120d1e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebbcbe5c0db215feecc17def06178da443f4eea6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d54894a1ee265a72d70f7cae1da6cc774cccc71"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c",
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    }
  },
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    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-72491",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:57:26.281Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.936Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:52.224Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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  "dataVersion": "5.2",
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      "cve": "CVE-2026-72491",
      "date": "2026-08-24",
      "epss": "0.00724",
      "percentile": "0.51288"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-72491\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-08-15T06:22:23.400\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-08-17T06:19:17.397\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnet/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c\\n\\nThe rdma-\u003estate field is modified without holding req_lock in both\\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses\\nthe same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking\\ncreates a race condition:\\n\\n- recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets\\n  rdma-\u003estate = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock\\n\\n- p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma-\u003estate at multiple points\\n  (ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without\\n  req_lock\\n\\n- rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(\u0026rdma-\u003ereq_lock, flags) to\\n  protect the read-modify-write of rdma-\u003estate\\n\\nThe race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM\\nevent handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request()\\nis concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to\\nthe FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This\\ncorrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on\\nRDMA request objects during teardown.\\n\\nFix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma-\u003estate modifications in\\nrecv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already\\nused in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore\\nin the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs\\nin softirq context.\\n\\nTested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating\\nrdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma-\u003estate with proper\\nlocking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost\\ntransitions.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/9p/trans_rdma.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"4cee2b8766045059d5e0b8114837b4a8efe827ac\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"151f8cf5b23d8a534d884432a82a6d54d5a61989\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"13bf9879b778b2f4b260b45bed18f31806120d1e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"ebbcbe5c0db215feecc17def06178da443f4eea6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"473c7dd1d7b59ff8f88a5154737e3eac78a96e5b\",\"lessThan\":\"7d54894a1ee265a72d70f7cae1da6cc774cccc71\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"3479b3c35e82ed10aa0ca2ee9e78c4eded06ba62\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c01ddaa54d7411e964ffd250c018d8469c5852f2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"9e69c673fe077b8dc491cd8406c9bdcb1f76dee2\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"e48e7e27e4dfd00c81e0381e7cee610cce021452\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.4.185\",\"lessThan\":\"4.5\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.9.185\",\"lessThan\":\"4.10\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.14.132\",\"lessThan\":\"4.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.19.57\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/9p/trans_rdma.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.20\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.261\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.212\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.178\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.145\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.97\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.40\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1.5\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13bf9879b778b2f4b260b45bed18f31806120d1e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/151f8cf5b23d8a534d884432a82a6d54d5a61989\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cee2b8766045059d5e0b8114837b4a8efe827ac\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d54894a1ee265a72d70f7cae1da6cc774cccc71\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebbcbe5c0db215feecc17def06178da443f4eea6\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-19T18:59:07+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-72491",
      "id": "CVE-2026-72491",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net/9p: fix race condition on rdma-\u003estate in trans_rdma.c",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-72491.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.