CVE-2026-74485 (GCVE-0-2026-74485)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-15 12:27 – Updated: 2026-08-19 16:37
VLAI
Title
binfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: binfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter The registration string starts with a user chosen delimiter that separates the individual fields. So that the field parsers terminate even on a truncated string create_entry() pads the buffer with that same delimiter: memset(buf + count, del, 8); Most fields are scanned for the delimiter with strchr()/scanarg() and happily stop on the padding. The flags field is different: instead of scanning for the delimiter check_special_flags() consumes the flag characters 'P', 'O', 'C' and 'F' and stops at the first byte that is none of them, relying on the trailing delimiter to end the scan. If the delimiter is itself a flag character the padding no longer acts as a terminator. The scan swallows all eight padding bytes and keeps reading past the end of the allocation until it hits a byte that is not a flag character. For example registering PaPEPPxPPiP with 'P' as the delimiter (name "a", type extension, magic "x", interpreter "i", empty flags) leaves the flag scan running off the end of the buffer. The registration is rejected in the end because the parser does not stop exactly at buf + count, but only after the out of bounds read has already happened. With an unlucky allocation layout the scan can walk into an unmapped page; under KASAN it is reported as a slab out of bounds read. binfmt_misc mounts are available to unprivileged users in a user namespace so the read is reachable without privileges. Reject a delimiter that is one of the flag characters up front. Such a registration was always rejected anyway, only after the out of bounds read, so no valid registration string changes meaning.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 96bd5d4fea2970b9b08265293ca7a10b9b27c0fd (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 9970e094e5d60f0d66914bf9a97d1ef19107ebf5 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < b29e3c1f375c1296362d219ff38bceddf2d2a88a (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 1819f82dee766c58295ecaacdac02cdf6837d7a4 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 1853e95c9bfe69ef1dd862b3f551e68f4a1b76cc (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 840bb9c49c3e75fb32b593d67ab32f6b77122262 (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 9a2d87db3898b5993b64fd258d0334e0eba9ee0d (git)
Affected: 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 , < 8e85d50ba1117fd446bf9a250bd8a97d48384bdc (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.265 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.216 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.183 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.151 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.103 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.44 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.8 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbinfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter\n\nThe registration string starts with a user chosen delimiter that\nseparates the individual fields. So that the field parsers terminate\neven on a truncated string create_entry() pads the buffer with that\nsame delimiter:\n\n\tmemset(buf + count, del, 8);\n\nMost fields are scanned for the delimiter with strchr()/scanarg() and\nhappily stop on the padding. The flags field is different: instead of\nscanning for the delimiter check_special_flags() consumes the flag\ncharacters \u0027P\u0027, \u0027O\u0027, \u0027C\u0027 and \u0027F\u0027 and stops at the first byte that is\nnone of them, relying on the trailing delimiter to end the scan.\n\nIf the delimiter is itself a flag character the padding no longer acts\nas a terminator. The scan swallows all eight padding bytes and keeps\nreading past the end of the allocation until it hits a byte that is\nnot a flag character. For example registering\n\n\tPaPEPPxPPiP\n\nwith \u0027P\u0027 as the delimiter (name \"a\", type extension, magic \"x\",\ninterpreter \"i\", empty flags) leaves the flag scan running off the end\nof the buffer. The registration is rejected in the end because the\nparser does not stop exactly at buf + count, but only after the out of\nbounds read has already happened. With an unlucky allocation layout the\nscan can walk into an unmapped page; under KASAN it is reported as a\nslab out of bounds read. binfmt_misc mounts are available to\nunprivileged users in a user namespace so the read is reachable without\nprivileges.\n\nReject a delimiter that is one of the flag characters up front. Such a\nregistration was always rejected anyway, only after the out of bounds\nread, so no valid registration string changes meaning."
        }
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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            "version": "3.1"
          },
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              "value": "AV:L - Exploitation requires a local write() to binfmt_misc/register via bm_register_write()-\u003ecreate_entry(); the path is a VFS syscall on a mounted filesystem, not any network protocol or remote packet handler.\nAC:L - An attacker fully controls the registration string and can deterministically choose delimiter P/O/C/F with empty flags so check_special_flags() consumes padding and reads past the kmalloc buffer on every attempt; no race or victim-specific state is required.\nPR:L - binfmt_misc has FS_USERNS_MOUNT; an unprivileged local user can unshare a user namespace, mount binfmt_misc, and write register without init-namespace root, matching the fix commit\u0027s stated unprivileged reachability.\nUI:N - Triggering is entirely attacker-driven through mounting binfmt_misc and writing a crafted registration string; no victim must open files, click links, or perform any interactive action beyond the attacker\u0027s own syscalls.\nS:U - The slab out-of-bounds read and any disclosed kernel data remain within the host kernel security authority; this is standard local kernel memory access, not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or sandbox boundary crossing.\nC:H - check_special_flags() scans past buf+count+8 through adjacent kmalloc/slab memory until a non-P/O/C/F byte, a classic out-of-bounds read that can disclose kernel pointers and other sensitive heap contents for KASLR defeat.\nI:N - The defect is read-only: check_special_flags() only dereferences bytes beyond the allocation and sets flags on the soon-freed Node; it performs no out-of-bounds write, metadata corruption, or control-flow hijack primitive.\nA:H - The unbounded flag scan can walk into an unmapped page and fault the kernel; KASAN reports slab-out-of-bounds, and the single write() to register is trivially repeatable for denial-of-service."
            }
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        {
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      ],
      "title": "binfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter",
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    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T12:27:16.980Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-15T05:44:03.905Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:37:40.898Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "date": "2026-10-01",
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      "percentile": "0.01948"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
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      "cve": "CVE-2026-74485",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-74485",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-23T14:58:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "binfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-74485.json",
      "version": "3"
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbinfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter\n\nThe registration string starts with a user chosen delimiter that\nseparates the individual fields. So that the field parsers terminate\neven on a truncated string create_entry() pads the buffer with that\nsame delimiter:\n\n\tmemset(buf + count, del, 8);\n\nMost fields are scanned for the delimiter with strchr()/scanarg() and\nhappily stop on the padding. The flags field is different: instead of\nscanning for the delimiter check_special_flags() consumes the flag\ncharacters \u0027P\u0027, \u0027O\u0027, \u0027C\u0027 and \u0027F\u0027 and stops at the first byte that is\nnone of them, relying on the trailing delimiter to end the scan.\n\nIf the delimiter is itself a flag character the padding no longer acts\nas a terminator. The scan swallows all eight padding bytes and keeps\nreading past the end of the allocation until it hits a byte that is\nnot a flag character. For example registering\n\n\tPaPEPPxPPiP\n\nwith \u0027P\u0027 as the delimiter (name \"a\", type extension, magic \"x\",\ninterpreter \"i\", empty flags) leaves the flag scan running off the end\nof the buffer. The registration is rejected in the end because the\nparser does not stop exactly at buf + count, but only after the out of\nbounds read has already happened. With an unlucky allocation layout the\nscan can walk into an unmapped page; under KASAN it is reported as a\nslab out of bounds read. binfmt_misc mounts are available to\nunprivileged users in a user namespace so the read is reachable without\nprivileges.\n\nReject a delimiter that is one of the flag characters up front. Such a\nregistration was always rejected anyway, only after the out of bounds\nread, so no valid registration string changes meaning."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-74485",
        "lastModified": "2026-08-19T17:21:05.660",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.1,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.2,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-08-15T13:17:53.380",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1819f82dee766c58295ecaacdac02cdf6837d7a4"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1853e95c9bfe69ef1dd862b3f551e68f4a1b76cc"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/840bb9c49c3e75fb32b593d67ab32f6b77122262"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e85d50ba1117fd446bf9a250bd8a97d48384bdc"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/96bd5d4fea2970b9b08265293ca7a10b9b27c0fd"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9970e094e5d60f0d66914bf9a97d1ef19107ebf5"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a2d87db3898b5993b64fd258d0334e0eba9ee0d"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b29e3c1f375c1296362d219ff38bceddf2d2a88a"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-01T10:37:33+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74485",
      "id": "CVE-2026-74485",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: binfmt_misc: reject a flag character as the field delimiter",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-74485.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-15T01:20:13Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-74485",
      "id": "CVE-2026-74485",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-15T23:51:58Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "358",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "4",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-74485",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-74485.json",
      "version": "6"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.