CVE-2026-84384 (GCVE-0-2026-84384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-18 15:58 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS
Summary
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:30 UTC
CWE
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/ad… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/2189… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/ta… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| strukturag | libheif |
Affected:
>= 1.19.0, < 1.23.2
|
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-84384",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-18T17:30:24.859004Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:30:52.628Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "libheif",
"vendor": "strukturag",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.19.0, \u003c 1.23.2"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-409",
"description": "CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T15:58:21.860Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-84384",
"datePublished": "2026-09-18T15:58:21.860Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-01T16:27:58.131Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:30:52.628Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "libheif",
"vendor": "strukturag",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.19.0, \u003c 1.23.2"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-84384",
"lastModified": "2026-09-18T18:17:16.907",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-84384",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-18T17:30:24.859004Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-09-18T16:17:11.900",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-409"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "important",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-18T00:25:14Z",
"cve": "CVE-2026-84384",
"id": "CVE-2026-84384",
"initial_release_date": "2026-09-06T23:40:11Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "23",
"product_status:known_affected": "69",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "27",
"product_status:recommended": "12",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-84384",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-84384.json",
"version": "4"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-84384",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-18T17:30:24.859004Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:30:45.480Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "libheif",
"vendor": "strukturag",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.19.0, \u003c 1.23.2"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-409",
"description": "CWE-409: Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T15:58:21.860Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/21893e8f66c8b79363ca2809391b07d35e1a95ec"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.2"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-24wx-9w62-c96w",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "libheif: brotli/zlib decompression paths lack output-size limits, allowing decompression-bomb OOM/DoS"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-84384",
"datePublished": "2026-09-18T15:58:21.860Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-01T16:27:58.131Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-18T17:30:52.628Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…