CVE-2026-89422 (GCVE-0-2026-89422)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 08:49 – Updated: 2026-09-22 13:08
VLAI
Title
TLS 1.3 client skips server authentication when ServerHello carries an unsolicited pre_shared_key extension
Summary
Key Exchange without Entity Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl allows a peer that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection to impersonate the intended server. A pre_shared_key extension in the ServerHello that the client never offered causes the client to complete the handshake without validating the server's certificate, so ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket} against a peer holding no certificate, no private key and no prior session. tls_client_connection_1_3:handle_server_hello/2 passes the received extension to tls_gen_connection_1_3:handle_resumption/2, which sets resumption = true on its mere presence without checking that the client offered a PSK. tls_handshake_1_3:get_pre_shared_key/4 meanwhile falls back to the all-zero "no PSK" value and keys the handshake with the ordinary non-PSK schedule, so the attacker's own ephemeral key suffices. The resumption flag then routes maybe_resumption/1 straight to wait_finished, skipping the certificate-handling states, so certificate path validation, verify_fun, hostname verification, partial_chain, CRL checking and OCSP stapling are all bypassed. The default client configuration is affected; clients restricted to TLS 1.2 are not. This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 27.3.4.18, OTP 28.5.0.7, and OTP 29.1.1, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.2.12.13, 11.6.0.6, and 11.7.7.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 13:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Erlang OTP Affected: 22.2 , < * (otp)
    cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Erlang OTP Affected: 9.5 , < * (otp)
    cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Erlang OTP Affected: 21b8a1b0ad0adf200682b3854bc50114ab2b8c62 , < * (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Milad Nasr / Anthropic Luna Tong / Anthropic Ingela Andin
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eKey Exchange without Entity Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl allows a peer that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection to impersonate the intended server. A \u003ccode\u003epre_shared_key\u003c/code\u003e extension in the \u003ccode\u003eServerHello\u003c/code\u003e that the client never offered causes the client to complete the handshake without validating the server\u0027s certificate, so \u003ccode\u003essl:connect\u003c/code\u003e returns \u003ccode\u003e{ok, Socket}\u003c/code\u003e against a peer holding no certificate, no private key and no prior session.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003etls_client_connection_1_3:handle_server_hello/2\u003c/code\u003e passes the received extension to \u003ccode\u003etls_gen_connection_1_3:handle_resumption/2\u003c/code\u003e, which sets \u003ccode\u003eresumption = true\u003c/code\u003e on its mere presence without checking that the client offered a PSK. \u003ccode\u003etls_handshake_1_3:get_pre_shared_key/4\u003c/code\u003e meanwhile falls back to the all-zero \"no PSK\" value and keys the handshake with the ordinary non-PSK schedule, so the attacker\u0027s own ephemeral key suffices. The resumption flag then routes \u003ccode\u003emaybe_resumption/1\u003c/code\u003e straight to \u003ccode\u003ewait_finished\u003c/code\u003e, skipping the certificate-handling states, so certificate path validation, \u003ccode\u003everify_fun\u003c/code\u003e, hostname verification, \u003ccode\u003epartial_chain\u003c/code\u003e, CRL checking and OCSP stapling are all bypassed. The default client configuration is affected; clients restricted to TLS 1.2 are not.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u0026nbsp;22.2 before OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.18, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.7, and OTP\u0026nbsp;29.1.1, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.2.12.13, 11.6.0.6, and 11.7.7.\u003c/p\u003e"
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                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of \u003ccode\u003essl:connect\u003c/code\u003e that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including \u003ccode\u003ehttpc\u003c/code\u003e over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients.\u003c/p\u003e"
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            "value": "Key Exchange without Entity Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl allows a peer that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection to impersonate the intended server. A pre_shared_key extension in the ServerHello that the client never offered causes the client to complete the handshake without validating the server\u0027s certificate, so ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket} against a peer holding no certificate, no private key and no prior session.\n\ntls_client_connection_1_3:handle_server_hello/2 passes the received extension to tls_gen_connection_1_3:handle_resumption/2, which sets resumption = true on its mere presence without checking that the client offered a PSK. tls_handshake_1_3:get_pre_shared_key/4 meanwhile falls back to the all-zero \"no PSK\" value and keys the handshake with the ordinary non-PSK schedule, so the attacker\u0027s own ephemeral key suffices. The resumption flag then routes maybe_resumption/1 straight to wait_finished, skipping the certificate-handling states, so certificate path validation, verify_fun, hostname verification, partial_chain, CRL checking and OCSP stapling are all bypassed. The default client configuration is affected; clients restricted to TLS 1.2 are not.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP\u00a022.2 before OTP\u00a027.3.4.18, OTP\u00a028.5.0.7, and OTP\u00a029.1.1, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.2.12.13, 11.6.0.6, and 11.7.7."
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            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-94",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "supportingMedia": [
                    {
                      "base64": false,
                      "type": "text/html",
                      "value": "\u003cp\u003eAn attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of \u003ccode\u003essl:connect\u003c/code\u003e that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including \u003ccode\u003ehttpc\u003c/code\u003e over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients.\u003c/p\u003e"
                    },
                    {
                      "base64": false,
                      "type": "text/markdown",
                      "value": "An attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of `ssl:connect` that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including `httpc` over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients."
                    }
                  ],
                  "value": "An attacker that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection, either as the host the client dials or as an on-path attacker, completes the handshake as the intended server and holds all traffic keys. It can read everything the application sends, including credentials, tokens and request bodies, and forge every response. Any consumer of ssl:connect that negotiates TLS 1.3 is affected, including httpc over HTTPS, database and messaging client libraries, and TLS distribution clients."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV4_0": {
                "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackRequirements": "NONE",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "baseScore": 9.3,
                "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
                "version": "4.0",
                "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
                "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-322",
                  "description": "CWE-322 Key Exchange without Entity Authentication",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T08:49:16.171Z",
            "orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
            "shortName": "EEF"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "name": "GitHub Advisory",
              "tags": [
                "related",
                "vendor-advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-rgxr-4g4w-j875"
            },
            {
              "name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-89422",
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-89422.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-89422",
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-89422"
            },
            {
              "name": "Erlang/OTP version ordering",
              "tags": [
                "x_version-scheme"
              ],
              "url": "https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions"
            },
            {
              "name": "Introducing commit 21b8a1b in erlang/otp",
              "tags": [
                "related"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/21b8a1b0ad0adf200682b3854bc50114ab2b8c62"
            },
            {
              "name": "Fix commit afec515 in erlang/otp",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/afec5156361bb50d3607c7c1a453c19b9149b324"
            },
            {
              "name": "Fix commit 98c66c8 in erlang/otp",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/98c66c858113949c4262d26cd7d426c4b09d2b35"
            },
            {
              "name": "Fix commit fd1d9d0 in erlang/otp",
              "tags": [
                "patch"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/fd1d9d07fc92ec0d59f96dfb66182195882bb7dd"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "TLS 1.3 client skips server authentication when ServerHello carries an unsolicited pre_shared_key extension",
          "workarounds": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eRestrict affected clients to TLS 1.2 by setting \u003ccode\u003e{versions, [\u0027tlsv1.2\u0027]}\u003c/code\u003e in the client\u0027s \u003ccode\u003essl\u003c/code\u003e options. This avoids the vulnerable code path at the cost of losing TLS 1.3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo configuration both keeps TLS 1.3 and mitigates the issue.\u003c/p\u003e"
                },
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/markdown",
                  "value": "Restrict affected clients to TLS 1.2 by setting `{versions, [\u0027tlsv1.2\u0027]}` in the client\u0027s `ssl` options. This avoids the vulnerable code path at the cost of losing TLS 1.3.\n\nNo configuration both keeps TLS 1.3 and mitigates the issue."
                }
              ],
              "value": "Restrict affected clients to TLS 1.2 by setting {versions, [\u0027tlsv1.2\u0027]} in the client\u0027s ssl options. This avoids the vulnerable code path at the cost of losing TLS 1.3.\n\nNo configuration both keeps TLS 1.3 and mitigates the issue."
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
        "assignerShortName": "EEF",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-89422",
        "datePublished": "2026-09-22T08:49:16.171Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-09-11T18:45:01.480Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T13:08:15.912Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.