CVE-2026-89991 (GCVE-0-2026-89991)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 10:33 – Updated: 2026-09-16 10:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
bpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU
__pcpu_freelist_push() can loop forever when only one CPU is possible
and an NMI re-enters pcpu_freelist_push() while the interrupted context
holds that CPU's freelist lock.
After the current-CPU fast path fails, the fallback loop walks
cpu_possible_mask while skipping the current CPU. With CONFIG_SMP=n, or
when an SMP kernel is limited to one possible CPU with nr_cpus=1 or
possible_cpus=1, there are no other possible CPUs to examine. The loop
therefore makes no lock acquisition attempt and can never make progress.
The following stack was observed on a UP system:
NMI context:
pcpu_freelist_push
free_htab_elem
htab_map_delete_elem
[perf-event BPF program]
__perf_event_overflow
perf_event_nmi_handler
exc_nmi
Interrupted context:
__pcpu_freelist_push
pcpu_freelist_push
free_htab_elem
htab_map_delete_elem
[raw_tp/sys_enter BPF program]
__bpf_trace_sys_enter
do_syscall_64
raw_res_spin_lock() detects the same-CPU recursive acquisition and
returns -EDEADLK, but the subsequent fallback loop has no candidate head
on a system with one possible CPU.
Restore the extra fallback head that existed before the rqspinlock
conversion. Keep the current-CPU fast path, then try the other possible
CPUs and finally the extra head. The additional head lets a push, which
cannot fail without losing a preallocated element, make progress when the
only per-CPU head is held by the interrupted context.
Also check the extra head from the pop path so that nodes placed there
can be reused.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb , < a24a146ae2cb5d9faeea96d10010fcb6579abe1f
(git)
Affected: f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb , < a5b5e62baceff9e252c6535cf42a027d04f226cf (git) Affected: f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb , < efebf6496685c93150df5bb0794363ae70c5f58a (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
6.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.15 (semver) Unaffected: 6.18.51 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.2.5 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver) Unaffected: 7.3-rc2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c",
"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "a24a146ae2cb5d9faeea96d10010fcb6579abe1f",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "a5b5e62baceff9e252c6535cf42a027d04f226cf",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"lessThan": "efebf6496685c93150df5bb0794363ae70c5f58a",
"status": "affected",
"version": "f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb",
"versionType": "git"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"product": "Linux",
"programFiles": [
"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c",
"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h"
],
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.15"
},
{
"lessThan": "6.15",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.51",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2.5",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.3-rc2",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18.51",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.2.5",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.3-rc2",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.15",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU\n\n__pcpu_freelist_push() can loop forever when only one CPU is possible\nand an NMI re-enters pcpu_freelist_push() while the interrupted context\nholds that CPU\u0027s freelist lock.\n\nAfter the current-CPU fast path fails, the fallback loop walks\ncpu_possible_mask while skipping the current CPU. With CONFIG_SMP=n, or\nwhen an SMP kernel is limited to one possible CPU with nr_cpus=1 or\npossible_cpus=1, there are no other possible CPUs to examine. The loop\ntherefore makes no lock acquisition attempt and can never make progress.\n\nThe following stack was observed on a UP system:\n\n NMI context:\n pcpu_freelist_push\n free_htab_elem\n htab_map_delete_elem\n [perf-event BPF program]\n __perf_event_overflow\n perf_event_nmi_handler\n exc_nmi\n\n Interrupted context:\n __pcpu_freelist_push\n pcpu_freelist_push\n free_htab_elem\n htab_map_delete_elem\n [raw_tp/sys_enter BPF program]\n __bpf_trace_sys_enter\n do_syscall_64\n\nraw_res_spin_lock() detects the same-CPU recursive acquisition and\nreturns -EDEADLK, but the subsequent fallback loop has no candidate head\non a system with one possible CPU.\n\nRestore the extra fallback head that existed before the rqspinlock\nconversion. Keep the current-CPU fast path, then try the other possible\nCPUs and finally the extra head. The additional head lets a push, which\ncannot fail without losing a preallocated element, make progress when the\nonly per-CPU head is held by the interrupted context.\n\nAlso check the extra head from the pop path so that nodes placed there\ncan be reused."
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-16T10:33:05.097Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a24a146ae2cb5d9faeea96d10010fcb6579abe1f"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5b5e62baceff9e252c6535cf42a027d04f226cf"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efebf6496685c93150df5bb0794363ae70c5f58a"
}
],
"title": "bpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-89991",
"datePublished": "2026-09-16T10:33:05.097Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-11T19:38:34.780Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-16T10:33:05.097Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-89991\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-09-16T11:17:10.240\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-09-16T11:17:10.240\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Received\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf: Fix infinite loop in pcpu_freelist push with one possible CPU\\n\\n__pcpu_freelist_push() can loop forever when only one CPU is possible\\nand an NMI re-enters pcpu_freelist_push() while the interrupted context\\nholds that CPU\u0027s freelist lock.\\n\\nAfter the current-CPU fast path fails, the fallback loop walks\\ncpu_possible_mask while skipping the current CPU. With CONFIG_SMP=n, or\\nwhen an SMP kernel is limited to one possible CPU with nr_cpus=1 or\\npossible_cpus=1, there are no other possible CPUs to examine. The loop\\ntherefore makes no lock acquisition attempt and can never make progress.\\n\\nThe following stack was observed on a UP system:\\n\\n NMI context:\\n pcpu_freelist_push\\n free_htab_elem\\n htab_map_delete_elem\\n [perf-event BPF program]\\n __perf_event_overflow\\n perf_event_nmi_handler\\n exc_nmi\\n\\n Interrupted context:\\n __pcpu_freelist_push\\n pcpu_freelist_push\\n free_htab_elem\\n htab_map_delete_elem\\n [raw_tp/sys_enter BPF program]\\n __bpf_trace_sys_enter\\n do_syscall_64\\n\\nraw_res_spin_lock() detects the same-CPU recursive acquisition and\\nreturns -EDEADLK, but the subsequent fallback loop has no candidate head\\non a system with one possible CPU.\\n\\nRestore the extra fallback head that existed before the rqspinlock\\nconversion. Keep the current-CPU fast path, then try the other possible\\nCPUs and finally the extra head. The additional head lets a push, which\\ncannot fail without losing a preallocated element, make progress when the\\nonly per-CPU head is held by the interrupted context.\\n\\nAlso check the extra head from the pop path so that nodes placed there\\ncan be reused.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c\",\"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb\",\"lessThan\":\"a24a146ae2cb5d9faeea96d10010fcb6579abe1f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb\",\"lessThan\":\"a5b5e62baceff9e252c6535cf42a027d04f226cf\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"f2ac0e5d1c4dcc55d6510dcaefb8f45661a9a1fb\",\"lessThan\":\"efebf6496685c93150df5bb0794363ae70c5f58a\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.c\",\"kernel/bpf/percpu_freelist.h\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"6.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.51\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.2.5\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.2.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.3-rc2\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{},\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a24a146ae2cb5d9faeea96d10010fcb6579abe1f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a5b5e62baceff9e252c6535cf42a027d04f226cf\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efebf6496685c93150df5bb0794363ae70c5f58a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\"}]}}"
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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