CVE-2026-98006 (GCVE-0-2026-98006)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-25 10:23 – Updated: 2026-10-19 09:12
VLAI
Title
ALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev The epq_in_urb object belonging to the caiaq device is coupled within the struct snd_usb_caiaqdev. After usb_submit_urb(epq_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL) executes successfully, epq_in_urb is successfully added to the urbp_list queue of the dummy HCD driver (userspace specifies dummy_hcd as the HCD layer driver for the caiaq USB device). When init_card() calls snd_usb_caiaq_send_command() which subsequently fails due to a timeout, and proceeds to call snd_card_free() to release the card, the embedded ep1_in_urb object is also freed. When the dummy HCD driver detects that the URB has been unlinked, it returns the URB (by usb_hcd_giveback_urb()), which triggers [1]. Decouple the ep1_in_urb object from the struct snd_usb_caiaqdev and switch to using a pointer instead. Separately allocate and manage the memory for ep1_in_urb to prevent the release of the snd_card memory object from interfering with it. midi_out_urb has the same issue as ep1_in_urb and is handled in the same way. [1] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in usb_free_urb+0x24/0x120 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:96 Write of size 4 at addr ffff88803cee1050 by task ktimers/1/29 Call Trace: usb_free_urb+0x24/0x120 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:96 dummy_timer+0xaac/0x4d50 drivers/usb/gadget/udc/dummy_hcd.c:2019 __run_hrtimer kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2067 [inline] __hrtimer_run_queues+0x3eb/0xaf0 kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2124 hrtimer_run_softirq+0x1e1/0x2e0 kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2141 Allocated by task 36: snd_card_new+0x7b/0x110 sound/core/init.c:184 create_card sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:429 [inline] snd_probe+0x236/0x1af0 sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:544 Freed by task 36: snd_card_free_when_closed sound/core/init.c:630 [inline] snd_card_free+0x138/0x1d0 sound/core/init.c:662 snd_probe+0x162b/0x1af0 sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:553
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6639 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < a3bbd2845bc7188ae18548a591da1067af997e80 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < fbfbad728da2e95d6560e43266895de5c8e844b3 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < dbd3effcbdb85394d3c4bd5ee9df785a44303333 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 671037b282eb7fe477136bd0130ffd9029eb8668 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < d6dd3c915b0d02457711d8fbaa60efc52144557f (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 0c1b907d5db2f3508375776e5b78d69591aa5626 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < d41e6c1533f09b27fc562260d41417490d2b6084 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 402a9d6aab7ac787ab075adeb562c3db8b8f564b (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.22
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.22 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.271 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.222 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.189 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.158 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.111 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.53 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.7 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "sound/usb/caiaq/device.c",
            "sound/usb/caiaq/device.h",
            "sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "versionType": "git"
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              "status": "affected",
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            "sound/usb/caiaq/device.h",
            "sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.22"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.271",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.222",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.189",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.158",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.111",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.53",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.7",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.271",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.222",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.189",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
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                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.111",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.53",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.2.7",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.3",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev\n\nThe epq_in_urb object belonging to the caiaq device is coupled within\nthe struct snd_usb_caiaqdev. After usb_submit_urb(epq_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL)\nexecutes successfully, epq_in_urb is successfully added to the urbp_list\nqueue of the dummy HCD driver (userspace specifies dummy_hcd as the HCD\nlayer driver for the caiaq USB device).\n\nWhen init_card() calls snd_usb_caiaq_send_command() which subsequently\nfails due to a timeout, and proceeds to call snd_card_free() to release\nthe card, the embedded ep1_in_urb object is also freed. When the dummy\nHCD driver detects that the URB has been unlinked, it returns the URB\n(by usb_hcd_giveback_urb()), which triggers [1].\n\nDecouple the ep1_in_urb object from the struct snd_usb_caiaqdev and switch\nto using a pointer instead. Separately allocate and manage the memory for\nep1_in_urb to prevent the release of the snd_card memory object from\ninterfering with it.\n\nmidi_out_urb has the same issue as ep1_in_urb and is handled in the same\nway.\n\n[1]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in usb_free_urb+0x24/0x120 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:96\nWrite of size 4 at addr ffff88803cee1050 by task ktimers/1/29\nCall Trace:\n usb_free_urb+0x24/0x120 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:96\n dummy_timer+0xaac/0x4d50 drivers/usb/gadget/udc/dummy_hcd.c:2019\n __run_hrtimer kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2067 [inline]\n __hrtimer_run_queues+0x3eb/0xaf0 kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2124\n hrtimer_run_softirq+0x1e1/0x2e0 kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2141\n\nAllocated by task 36:\n snd_card_new+0x7b/0x110 sound/core/init.c:184\n create_card sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:429 [inline]\n snd_probe+0x236/0x1af0 sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:544\n\nFreed by task 36:\n snd_card_free_when_closed sound/core/init.c:630 [inline]\n snd_card_free+0x138/0x1d0 sound/core/init.c:662\n snd_probe+0x162b/0x1af0 sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:553"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:12:11.824Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3bbd2845bc7188ae18548a591da1067af997e80"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbfbad728da2e95d6560e43266895de5c8e844b3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbd3effcbdb85394d3c4bd5ee9df785a44303333"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/671037b282eb7fe477136bd0130ffd9029eb8668"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6dd3c915b0d02457711d8fbaa60efc52144557f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c1b907d5db2f3508375776e5b78d69591aa5626"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d41e6c1533f09b27fc562260d41417490d2b6084"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/402a9d6aab7ac787ab075adeb562c3db8b8f564b"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-98006",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-25T10:23:32.334Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:19:56.068Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-19T09:12:11.824Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98006",
      "date": "2026-11-09",
      "epss": "0.00177",
      "percentile": "0.07241"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-21T18:40:31.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98006",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-98006",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-27T23:44:24.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "product_status:under_investigation": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "ALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-98006.json",
      "version": "4"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "sound/usb/caiaq/device.c",
                  "sound/usb/caiaq/device.h",
                  "sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "lessThan": "a3bbd2845bc7188ae18548a591da1067af997e80",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "fbfbad728da2e95d6560e43266895de5c8e844b3",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "dbd3effcbdb85394d3c4bd5ee9df785a44303333",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "671037b282eb7fe477136bd0130ffd9029eb8668",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "d6dd3c915b0d02457711d8fbaa60efc52144557f",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "0c1b907d5db2f3508375776e5b78d69591aa5626",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "d41e6c1533f09b27fc562260d41417490d2b6084",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "402a9d6aab7ac787ab075adeb562c3db8b8f564b",
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c",
                    "versionType": "git"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "sound/usb/caiaq/device.c",
                  "sound/usb/caiaq/device.h",
                  "sound/usb/caiaq/midi.c"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "2.6.22"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "2.6.22",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "5.10.271",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "5.15.222",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.1.189",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.6.158",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.12.111",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.18.53",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.2.7",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "7.3",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev\n\nThe epq_in_urb object belonging to the caiaq device is coupled within\nthe struct snd_usb_caiaqdev. After usb_submit_urb(epq_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL)\nexecutes successfully, epq_in_urb is successfully added to the urbp_list\nqueue of the dummy HCD driver (userspace specifies dummy_hcd as the HCD\nlayer driver for the caiaq USB device).\n\nWhen init_card() calls snd_usb_caiaq_send_command() which subsequently\nfails due to a timeout, and proceeds to call snd_card_free() to release\nthe card, the embedded ep1_in_urb object is also freed. When the dummy\nHCD driver detects that the URB has been unlinked, it returns the URB\n(by usb_hcd_giveback_urb()), which triggers [1].\n\nDecouple the ep1_in_urb object from the struct snd_usb_caiaqdev and switch\nto using a pointer instead. Separately allocate and manage the memory for\nep1_in_urb to prevent the release of the snd_card memory object from\ninterfering with it.\n\nmidi_out_urb has the same issue as ep1_in_urb and is handled in the same\nway.\n\n[1]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in usb_free_urb+0x24/0x120 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:96\nWrite of size 4 at addr ffff88803cee1050 by task ktimers/1/29\nCall Trace:\n usb_free_urb+0x24/0x120 drivers/usb/core/urb.c:96\n dummy_timer+0xaac/0x4d50 drivers/usb/gadget/udc/dummy_hcd.c:2019\n __run_hrtimer kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2067 [inline]\n __hrtimer_run_queues+0x3eb/0xaf0 kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2124\n hrtimer_run_softirq+0x1e1/0x2e0 kernel/time/hrtimer.c:2141\n\nAllocated by task 36:\n snd_card_new+0x7b/0x110 sound/core/init.c:184\n create_card sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:429 [inline]\n snd_probe+0x236/0x1af0 sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:544\n\nFreed by task 36:\n snd_card_free_when_closed sound/core/init.c:630 [inline]\n snd_card_free+0x138/0x1d0 sound/core/init.c:662\n snd_probe+0x162b/0x1af0 sound/usb/caiaq/device.c:553"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-98006",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-19T10:17:51.943",
        "metrics": {},
        "published": "2026-09-25T11:17:28.847",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c1b907d5db2f3508375776e5b78d69591aa5626"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/402a9d6aab7ac787ab075adeb562c3db8b8f564b"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/671037b282eb7fe477136bd0130ffd9029eb8668"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3bbd2845bc7188ae18548a591da1067af997e80"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d41e6c1533f09b27fc562260d41417490d2b6084"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d6dd3c915b0d02457711d8fbaa60efc52144557f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbd3effcbdb85394d3c4bd5ee9df785a44303333"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbfbad728da2e95d6560e43266895de5c8e844b3"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-06T02:42:40+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98006",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98006",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-25T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "203",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ALSA: caiaq: Decoupling ep1_in_urb in caiaq dev",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-98006.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-04T18:11:34Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98006",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98006",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-30T14:59:53Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "269",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "45",
      "product_status:recommended": "69",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-98006",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2026/cve-2026-98006.json",
      "version": "7"
    }
  }
}



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Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

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How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.