Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-Q28M-8XJW-8VR5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-18 01:27 – Updated: 2023-05-16 16:19

Summary

Puma's Keepalive Connections Causing Denial Of Service

Details

This vulnerability is related to CVE-2019-16770.

Impact

The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster.

A puma server which received more concurrent keep-alive connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections.

Patches

This problem has been fixed in puma 4.3.8 and 5.3.1.

Workarounds

Setting queue_requests false also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using puma without a reverse proxy, such as nginx or apache, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. slowloris).

The fix is very small. A git patch is available here for those using unsupported versions of Puma.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Open an issue in Puma.
To report problems with this fix or to report another vulnerability, see our security policy.

Acknowledgements

Thank you to @MSP-Greg, @wjordan and @evanphx for their review on this issue.

Thank you to @ioquatix for providing a modified fork of wrk which made debugging this issue much easier.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.3.7"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "puma"
      },
      "ranges": [
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          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
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            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
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        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.3.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "puma"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29509"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-18T01:26:55Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-11T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability is related to [CVE-2019-16770](https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-7xx3-m584-x994).\n\n### Impact\n\nThe fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster.\n\nA `puma` server which received more concurrent `keep-alive` connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis problem has been fixed in `puma` 4.3.8 and 5.3.1.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nSetting `queue_requests false` also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using `puma` without a reverse proxy, such as `nginx` or `apache`, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. [slowloris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowloris_(computer_security))).\n\nThe fix is very small. [A git patch is available here](https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837) for those using [unsupported versions](https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy#supported-versions) of Puma.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n* Open an issue in [Puma](https://github.com/puma/puma).\n* To report problems with this fix or to report another vulnerability, see [our security policy.](https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy)\n\n### Acknowledgements\n\nThank you to @MSP-Greg, @wjordan and @evanphx for their review on this issue. \n\nThank you to @ioquatix for providing a modified fork of `wrk` which made debugging this issue much easier.",
  "id": "GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5",
  "modified": "2023-05-16T16:19:44Z",
  "published": "2021-05-18T01:27:15Z",
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
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    },
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      "url": "https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837"
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    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puma/CVE-2021-29509.yml"
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    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Puma\u0027s Keepalive Connections Causing Denial Of Service"
}

CVE-2021-29509 (GCVE-0-2021-29509)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-11 16:50 – Updated: 2024-08-03 22:11

Title

Keepalive Connections Causing Denial Of Service in puma

Summary

Puma is a concurrent HTTP 1.1 server for Ruby/Rack applications. The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster. A `puma` server which received more concurrent `keep-alive` connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections. This problem has been fixed in `puma` 4.3.8 and 5.3.1. Setting `queue_requests false` also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using `puma` without a reverse proxy, such as `nginx` or `apache`, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. slowloris). The fix is very small and a git patch is available for those using unsupported versions of Puma.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE

CWE-400 - {"CWE-400":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"}

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy	x_refsource_MISC
https://rubygems.org/gems/puma	x_refsource_MISC
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-28	vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOO
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022…	mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
puma	puma	Affected: < 4.3.8 Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.3.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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GSD-2021-29509

Vulnerability from gsd - Updated: 2021-05-11 00:00

Details

### Impact The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster. A puma server which received more concurrent keep-alive connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections. ### Patches This problem has been fixed in puma 4.3.8 and 5.3.1. ### Workarounds Setting queue_requests false also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using puma without a reverse proxy, such as nginx or apache, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. [slowloris][1]). The fix is very small. [A git patch is available here][2] for those using [unsupported versions][3] of Puma. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowloris_(computer_security) [2]: https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837 [3]: https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy#supported-versions

Aliases

CVE-2021-29509

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "GSD": {
    "alias": "CVE-2021-29509",
    "description": "Puma is a concurrent HTTP 1.1 server for Ruby/Rack applications. The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster. A `puma` server which received more concurrent `keep-alive` connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections. This problem has been fixed in `puma` 4.3.8 and 5.3.1. Setting `queue_requests false` also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using `puma` without a reverse proxy, such as `nginx` or `apache`, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. slowloris). The fix is very small and a git patch is available for those using unsupported versions of Puma.",
    "id": "GSD-2021-29509",
    "references": [
      "https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2021-29509.html",
      "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2021:4702"
    ]
  },
  "gsd": {
    "metadata": {
      "exploitCode": "unknown",
      "remediation": "unknown",
      "reportConfidence": "confirmed",
      "type": "vulnerability"
    },
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          }
        }
      ],
      "aliases": [
        "CVE-2021-29509",
        "GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
      ],
      "details": "### Impact\n\nThe fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected\nexisting connections that had already been accepted from having their\nrequests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in\nthe same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy\npersistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the\ncluster.\n\nA puma server which received more concurrent keep-alive connections than the\nserver had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of\nconnections, denying service to the unserved connections.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis problem has been fixed in puma 4.3.8 and 5.3.1.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nSetting queue_requests false also fixes the issue. This is not advised when\nusing puma without a reverse proxy, such as nginx or apache, because you will\nopen yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. [slowloris][1]).\n\nThe fix is very small. [A git patch is available here][2] for those using\n[unsupported versions][3] of Puma.\n\n[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowloris_(computer_security)\n[2]: https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837\n[3]: https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy#supported-versions",
      "id": "GSD-2021-29509",
      "modified": "2021-05-11T00:00:00.000Z",
      "published": "2021-05-11T00:00:00.000Z",
      "references": [
        {
          "type": "WEB",
          "url": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
        }
      ],
      "related": [
        "CVE-2019-16770"
      ],
      "schema_version": "1.4.0",
      "severity": [
        {
          "score": 7.5,
          "type": "CVSS_V3"
        }
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      "data_version": "4.0",
      "description": {
        "description_data": [
          {
            "lang": "eng",
            "value": "Puma is a concurrent HTTP 1.1 server for Ruby/Rack applications. The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster. A `puma` server which received more concurrent `keep-alive` connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections. This problem has been fixed in `puma` 4.3.8 and 5.3.1. Setting `queue_requests false` also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using `puma` without a reverse proxy, such as `nginx` or `apache`, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. slowloris). The fix is very small and a git patch is available for those using unsupported versions of Puma."
          }
        ]
      },
      "impact": {
        "cvss": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        }
      },
      "problemtype": {
        "problemtype_data": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "eng",
                "value": "{\"CWE-400\":\"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption\"}"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "references": {
        "reference_data": [
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5",
            "refsource": "CONFIRM",
            "url": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy"
          },
          {
            "name": "https://rubygems.org/gems/puma",
            "refsource": "MISC",
            "url": "https://rubygems.org/gems/puma"
          },
          {
            "name": "GLSA-202208-28",
            "refsource": "GENTOO",
            "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-28"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20220827 [SECURITY] [DLA 3083-1] puma security update",
            "refsource": "MLIST",
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/08/msg00015.html"
          }
        ]
      },
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      }
    },
    "github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db": {
      "cve": "2021-29509",
      "cvss_v3": 7.5,
      "date": "2021-05-11",
      "description": "### Impact\n\nThe fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected\nexisting connections that had already been accepted from having their\nrequests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in\nthe same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy\npersistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the\ncluster.\n\nA puma server which received more concurrent keep-alive connections than the\nserver had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of\nconnections, denying service to the unserved connections.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis problem has been fixed in puma 4.3.8 and 5.3.1.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nSetting queue_requests false also fixes the issue. This is not advised when\nusing puma without a reverse proxy, such as nginx or apache, because you will\nopen yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. [slowloris][1]).\n\nThe fix is very small. [A git patch is available here][2] for those using\n[unsupported versions][3] of Puma.\n\n[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slowloris_(computer_security)\n[2]: https://gist.github.com/nateberkopec/4b3ea5676c0d70cbb37c82d54be25837\n[3]: https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy#supported-versions",
      "gem": "puma",
      "ghsa": "q28m-8xjw-8vr5",
      "patched_versions": [
        "~\u003e 4.3.8",
        "\u003e= 5.3.1"
      ],
      "related": {
        "cve": [
          "2019-16770"
        ]
      },
      "title": "Keepalive Connections Causing Denial Of Service in puma",
      "url": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
    },
    "gitlab.com": {
      "advisories": [
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003c4.3.8||\u003e=5.0.0 \u003c5.3.1",
          "affected_versions": "All versions before 4.3.8, all versions starting from 5.0.0 before 5.3.1",
          "cvss_v2": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-400",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2022-10-27",
          "description": "Puma is a concurrent HTTP server for Ruby/Rack applications. The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster. A `puma` server which received more concurrent `keep-alive` connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections.",
          "fixed_versions": [],
          "identifier": "CVE-2021-29509",
          "identifiers": [
            "CVE-2021-29509",
            "GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "",
          "package_slug": "gem/gitlab-puma",
          "pubdate": "2021-05-11",
          "solution": "Unfortunately, there is no solution available yet.",
          "title": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
          "urls": [
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29509"
          ],
          "uuid": "3f6bbba0-d913-4b9f-aeb6-ef191b5f61b2"
        },
        {
          "affected_range": "\u003c4.3.8||\u003e=5.0.0 \u003c5.3.1",
          "affected_versions": "All versions before 4.3.8, all versions starting from 5.0.0 before 5.3.1",
          "cvss_v2": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P",
          "cvss_v3": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "cwe_ids": [
            "CWE-1035",
            "CWE-400",
            "CWE-937"
          ],
          "date": "2022-10-27",
          "description": "Puma is a concurrent HTTP server for Ruby/Rack applications. The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster. A `puma` server which received more concurrent `keep-alive` connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections.",
          "fixed_versions": [
            "4.3.8",
            "5.3.1"
          ],
          "identifier": "CVE-2021-29509",
          "identifiers": [
            "CVE-2021-29509",
            "GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5"
          ],
          "not_impacted": "All versions starting from 4.3.8 before 5.0.0, all versions starting from 5.3.1",
          "package_slug": "gem/puma",
          "pubdate": "2021-05-11",
          "solution": "Upgrade to versions 4.3.8, 5.3.1 or above.",
          "title": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
          "urls": [
            "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29509"
          ],
          "uuid": "67d7904f-cb99-4e74-ad25-73d12e370c4e"
        }
      ]
    },
    "nvd.nist.gov": {
      "configurations": {
        "CVE_data_version": "4.0",
        "nodes": [
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:puma:puma:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "versionEndExcluding": "5.3.1",
                "versionStartIncluding": "5.0.0",
                "vulnerable": true
              },
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:a:puma:puma:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*",
                "cpe_name": [],
                "versionEndExcluding": "4.3.8",
                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
            "operator": "OR"
          },
          {
            "children": [],
            "cpe_match": [
              {
                "cpe23Uri": "cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                "vulnerable": true
              }
            ],
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                "Third Party Advisory"
              ],
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            },
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              "name": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "tags": [
                "Third Party Advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/policy"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/puma/puma/security/advisories/GHSA-q28m-8xjw-8vr5",
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                "Patch",
                "Third Party Advisory"
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              "tags": [
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                "Third Party Advisory"
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                "Third Party Advisory"
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            },
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              "refsource": "MLIST",
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                "Mailing List",
                "Third Party Advisory"
              ],
              "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/08/msg00015.html"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "impact": {
        "baseMetricV2": {
          "acInsufInfo": false,
          "cvssV2": {
            "accessComplexity": "LOW",
            "accessVector": "NETWORK",
            "authentication": "NONE",
            "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
            "baseScore": 5.0,
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P",
            "version": "2.0"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 10.0,
          "impactScore": 2.9,
          "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
          "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
          "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
          "severity": "MEDIUM",
          "userInteractionRequired": false
        },
        "baseMetricV3": {
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            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
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            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
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            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
          "impactScore": 3.6
        }
      },
      "lastModifiedDate": "2022-10-27T12:39Z",
      "publishedDate": "2021-05-11T17:15Z"
    }
  }
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

GHSA-Q28M-8XJW-8VR5

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

For more information

Acknowledgements

CVE-2021-29509 (GCVE-0-2021-29509)

GSD-2021-29509

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour