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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use\n\nAs per the GHCB spec, when using GHCB v2+ require the software scratch area\nto reside in the GHCB\u0027s shared buffer.  Note, things like Page State Change\n(PSC) requests _rely_ on this behavior, as the guest can\u0027t provide a length\nwhen making the request, i.e. the size of the guest payload is bounded by\nthe size of the shared buffer.\n\nFailure to force usage of the GHCB, and a slew of other flaws, lets a\nmalicious SNP guest corrupt host kernel heap memory, and leak host heap\nlayout information.\n\nsetup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer via kvzalloc(exit_info_2),\nwhere exit_info_2 is guest-controlled. With exit_info_2=24, this yields\na 24-byte allocation in kmalloc-cg-32 (32-byte slab objects). The buffer\nholds an 8-byte psc_hdr followed by 8-byte psc_entry structs, so only\nentries[0] and entries[1] are in-bounds.\n\nsnp_begin_psc() validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253)\nbut NOT against the actual buffer size:\n\n      idx_end = hdr-\u003eend_entry;\n\n      if (idx_end \u003e= VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT) {   // checks 253, not buffer\n          snp_complete_psc(svm, ...);\n          return 1;\n      }\n\n      for (idx = idx_start; idx \u003c= idx_end; idx++) {\n          entry_start = entries[idx];           // OOB when idx \u003e= 2\n\nThe guest sets end_entry=10+, causing the host to iterate entries[2+]\nwhich are OOB into adjacent slab objects. For each OOB entry:\n\n  - The host reads 8 bytes (OOB READ / info leak oracle)\n  - If the data passes PSC validation, __snp_complete_one_psc() writes\n    cur_page = 1 or 512 into the entry (OOB WRITE, sev.c:3806)\n  - If validation fails, the error response reveals whether adjacent\n    memory is zero vs non-zero (information disclosure to guest)\n\nThe guest controls allocation size (exit_info_2), entry range\n(cur_entry/end_entry), and can fire unlimited VMGEXITs to repeatedly\nhit different slab positions.\n\nBy exploiting the variety of bugs, a malicious SEV-SNP guest can:\n    - OOB read adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 objects (heap layout disclosure)\n    - OOB write cur_page bits into adjacent objects (heap corruption)\n    - Trigger use-after-free conditions across VMGEXITs\n\nE.g. with KASAN enabled, a single insmod of the PoC guest module\nproduces 73 KASAN reports:\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x126/0x890\n    Read of size 8 at addr ffff888219ffb5e0 by task qemu-system-x86/2199\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x468/0x890\n    Write of size 8 at addr ffff888351566648 by task qemu-system-x86/2199\n\n    The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888XXXXXXXXX\n     which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-32 of size 32\n    The buggy address is located N bytes to the right of\n     allocated 32-byte region [ffff888XXXXXXXXX, ffff888XXXXXXXXX)\n\n  Breakdown:\n    62 slab-out-of-bounds (reads + writes past allocation)\n     7 slab-use-after-free\n     4 use-after-free\n\nAll credit to Stan for the wonderful description and reproducer!\n\n[sean: write changelog]"
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached by running a SEV-SNP vCPU through KVM and issuing a guest-controlled VMGEXIT PSC request, not by remote packets or adjacent/physical access.\nAC:L - The guest directly controls the scratch pointer/length and PSC entry bounds, and can repeatedly issue malformed VMGEXITs without needing external races or rare timing conditions.\nPR:L - Exploitation requires the ability to run or control a SEV-SNP guest/KVM vCPU, which is a low-privilege local or tenant capability rather than real host root in the init namespace.\nUI:N - Once the attacker controls the malicious guest or VM process, no additional victim action is required to trigger the VMGEXIT handling path.\nS:C - The bug lets a malicious guest corrupt and disclose host kernel heap memory, crossing the guest-to-host virtualization security boundary.\nC:H - The OOB reads and error oracle leak adjacent host heap contents/layout, and the associated memory corruption/UAF behavior is sufficient to treat confidentiality impact as high.\nI:H - The vulnerable path performs OOB writes into adjacent host slab objects and can trigger UAF conditions, making host kernel memory corruption and potential control-flow compromise defensible.\nA:H - The bug produces host kernel slab OOB writes/reads and UAF reports and can crash or destabilize the host kernel, giving high availability impact."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Check for invalid/obsolete root *after* making MMU pages available\n\nCheck for a \"stale\" page fault, i.e. for an invalid and/or obsolete root,\nafter making MMU pages available for the shadow MMU.  If reclaiming shadow\npages zaps an in-use root, i.e. marks it invalid, then KVM will attempt to\nmap memory into an invalid root.  On its own, populating an invalid root is\n\"fine\", but because child shadow pages inherit their parent\u0027s role, any\nchildren created during the map/fetch will be created as invalid pages,\nthus violating KVM\u0027s invariant that invalid pages are never on the list of\nactive MMU pages.\n\nNote, the underlying flaw has existed since KVM first started tracking\ninvalid roots in 2008 (commit 2e53d63acba7, \"KVM: MMU: ignore zapped root\npagetables\"), but the true badness only came along in 2020 (Linux 5.9)\nwith the invariant that invalid shadow pages can\u0027t be on the list of\nactive pages.\n\nNote #2, inheriting role.invalid when creating child shadow pages is also\nfar from ideal; that flaw will be addressed separately."
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsctp: don\u0027t free the ASCONF\u0027s own transport in DEL-IP processing\n\nsctp_process_asconf() caches the transport the ASCONF chunk is processed\nagainst in asconf-\u003etransport (== chunk-\u003etransport, set once in sctp_rcv()).\nFor an ASCONF located through its Address Parameter by\n__sctp_rcv_asconf_lookup(), that cached transport corresponds to the\nAddress Parameter, which need not be the packet\u0027s source address.\n\nsctp_process_asconf_param() rejects a DEL-IP for the packet source address\n(ADDIP D8, SCTP_ERROR_DEL_SRC_IP), but nothing protects asconf-\u003etransport.\nA single ASCONF can therefore carry, in order:\n\n    [Address Parameter L] [DEL-IP L] [DEL-IP 0.0.0.0]\n\nwhere L differs from the source. The DEL-IP for L passes the D8 check and\ncalls sctp_assoc_rm_peer() on the transport that asconf-\u003etransport still\npoints at, freeing it (RCU-deferred). The following wildcard DEL-IP then\nreuses the now-dangling asconf-\u003etransport in sctp_assoc_set_primary() and\nsctp_assoc_del_nonprimary_peers(): set_primary() dereferences the freed\ntransport (-\u003eipaddr, -\u003estate) and plants the dangling pointer into\nasoc-\u003epeer.primary_path / active_path, and del_nonprimary_peers(), keeping\nonly the pointer that is no longer on the list, removes every real\ntransport, leaving the association with a transport_count of 0 and\nprimary_path/active_path pointing at freed memory.\n\nReject a DEL-IP that targets the transport the ASCONF is being processed\nagainst, mirroring the existing source-address guard, so the wildcard\nbranch can never reuse a freed transport."
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      "metrics": [
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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          "scenarios": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The bug is in SCTP ASCONF receive processing (sctp_rcv \u2192 sctp_sf_do_asconf \u2192 sctp_process_asconf \u2192 sctp_process_asconf_param); a remote peer triggers it by sending a crafted ASCONF over IP/IPv6 on an established association, matching kernel guidance that net/ stack bugs reachable via received packets are Network.\nAC:L - A single attacker-controlled ASCONF with [Address Parameter L][DEL-IP L][DEL-IP 0.0.0.0] reliably frees asconf-\u003etransport then reuses it in the same softirq; the peer fully controls multi-homing, serial, and parameter order, with no race or other condition outside attacker influence.\nPR:N - Any remote SCTP peer that completes a normal association with ADD-IP negotiated can send the ASCONF; SCTP-AUTH keys come from the handshake the peer itself performs (or addip_noauth), and no local credentials or capabilities on the target are required.\nUI:N - Exploitation requires only attacker-sent SCTP packets processed automatically in the receive/state-machine path; no victim user action such as opening a file or mounting a device is needed.\nS:U - Impact is confined to the vulnerable host kernel (sctp_transport UAF / crash or privilege escalation) and does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or other security-authority boundary.\nC:H - This is a heap use-after-free of an sctp_transport planted into primary_path/active_path after RCU-deferred free; freed-object reuse yields arbitrary kernel read primitives, scored High per UAF guidance.\nI:H - The same transport UAF enables heap spraying and write/control-flow hijacking via later dereferences of the dangling primary_path/active_path, so integrity impact is High.\nA:H - set_primary() immediately dereferences the freed transport and leaves the association with transport_count 0 and dangling path pointers, causing a reproducible kernel oops/panic on subsequent use, which is High availability impact."
            }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:28:36.947Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9ce31be4cb1a5dd82b3e0a1d0c3e7cbdcd31293"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a63afa1f9b12d5293cbe0b77fd45dc0632533a13"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2b324ba3494ae958cba16a453e3e71489b4de7fc"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fedeb4468987bcaff85fe3061de5ae052d414740"
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        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d136b29bf91dd8e3161281b87de597b7311d9462"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9b2854f86f0b56e9027d68e7a3fc909d1a9b566f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://matrix.tencent.com/en/2026/08/06/sctphantom-CVE-2026-64564"
        }
      ],
      "title": "sctp: don\u0027t free the ASCONF\u0027s own transport in DEL-IP processing",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-64564",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-04T06:23:23.339Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-19T15:36:31.797Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-19T16:28:36.947Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: serialize qdisc_rtab_list against concurrent get/put\n\nqdisc_get_rtab() and qdisc_put_rtab() mutate the process-global singly\nlinked list qdisc_rtab_list and a plain non-atomic \u0027int refcnt\u0027 with no\nlock. This was only safe because every caller historically held the RTNL\nmutex, which serialized all rate-table lookups, inserts and frees.\n\nThat invariant no longer holds. cls_flower sets\nTCF_PROTO_OPS_DOIT_UNLOCKED, so tc_new_tfilter() keeps rtnl_held == false\nfor it and sets TCA_ACT_FLAGS_NO_RTNL. That flag propagates through\ntcf_exts_validate_ex() -\u003e tcf_action_init() -\u003e tcf_action_init_1() -\u003e\ntcf_police_init(), which calls qdisc_get_rtab()/qdisc_put_rtab() with the\nRTNL mutex NOT held. Two RTM_NEWTFILTER requests on different CPUs, each\nadding a flower filter with a police action carrying the same rate, then\nrace on qdisc_rtab_list and on the non-atomic refcnt, leading to a\nuse-after-free / double-free of the kmalloc-2k struct qdisc_rate_table.\nqdisc_rtab_list is a single global (not per-netns), so the corrupted\nobject is shared system-wide.\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in qdisc_put_rtab+0x12f/0x160\n   qdisc_put_rtab+0x12f/0x160\n   tcf_police_init+0xda9/0x1590\n   tcf_action_init_1+0x460/0x6b0\n   tcf_action_init+0x439/0xa40\n   tcf_exts_validate_ex+0x42d/0x550\n   fl_change+0xddd/0x7da0\n   tc_new_tfilter+0xaa7/0x2420\n   rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x95e/0xe90\n  which belongs to the cache kmalloc-2k of size 2048\n\nProtect qdisc_rtab_list and the refcount with a dedicated spinlock. The\n(sleeping, GFP_KERNEL) allocation in qdisc_get_rtab() is performed before\ntaking the lock; if a concurrent inserter added an identical table in the\nmeantime the freshly allocated one is freed under the lock, so no\nduplicate is leaked. qdisc_put_rtab() now decrements the refcount and\nunlinks under the same lock."
        }
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            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only via local RTM_NEWTFILTER rtnetlink messages (tc flower filter with police action) through rtnetlink_rcv_msg\u2192tc_new_tfilter\u2192fl_change\u2192tcf_police_init\u2192qdisc_get_rtab/qdisc_put_rtab; no remote packet or network protocol path exists.\nAC:L - cls_flower is TCF_PROTO_OPS_DOIT_UNLOCKED, so concurrent RTM_NEWTFILTER requests run without RTNL; the attacker controls both racing threads/CPUs and can repeatedly install flower filters with identical police rate tables to deterministically hit the global qdisc_rtab_list/refcnt race.\nPR:L - Non-GET rtnetlink handlers require netlink_net_capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN); this is namespace-scoped, so an unprivileged local user obtains CAP_NET_ADMIN via user namespaces (unshare -Urn), sets up clsact/ingress, and installs flower+police rules without init-namespace root.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully self-contained: the attacker issues the concurrent tc/netlink commands from its own processes and needs no victim to mount filesystems, click links, or perform any other interactive action.\nS:U - Impact is heap corruption and UAF/double-free in kernel kmalloc-2k slabs within the same kernel security authority; although qdisc_rtab_list is global across netns, this is standard kernel memory corruption/privilege escalation, not a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary escape.\nC:H - Concurrent non-atomic refcnt and list updates cause slab use-after-free/double-free of struct qdisc_rate_table (KASAN-confirmed in qdisc_put_rtab); freed 2KB objects are attacker-influenceable via kmalloc timing and are classically weaponizable for arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The race corrupts a process-global singly linked list and can double-free a kmalloc-2k qdisc_rate_table, yielding classic heap metadata/object corruption primitives that can be developed into arbitrary kernel writes and local privilege escalation/code execution.\nA:H - Demonstrated KASAN slab-use-after-free in qdisc_put_rtab on the error/teardown path, and concurrent double-free of the same rate table can panic the kernel; the trigger is repeatable at will with concurrent netlink requests and causes task death or system-wide instability."
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e0241f6cbb149d926ee8efee2c734fea71452cf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f93c89392bd3b180b5b7abc6fdae8e3dd667a313"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4131dd0b6f67acddd616ed7c244e1d3eedd46e7b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d981098b76756ed71666a27518eeb69883657c43"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8ddc2eb0d2da9c83f54f1e5720525b461b8480c4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fb29e1b41052488ee3f2d115d4a870497ebd7f7d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f43ee0c0730d6191629b5ee1ceae27b1ebfdc047"
        }
      ],
      "title": "net/sched: serialize qdisc_rtab_list against concurrent get/put",
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-68138",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-10T11:59:01.744Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-30T09:28:09.370Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-23T12:45:55.796Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}