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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: stmmac: Prevent NULL deref when RX memory exhausted\n\nThe CPU receives frames from the MAC through conventional DMA: the CPU\nallocates buffers for the MAC, then the MAC fills them and returns\nownership to the CPU. For each hardware RX queue, the CPU and MAC\ncoordinate through a shared ring array of DMA descriptors: one\ndescriptor per DMA buffer. Each descriptor includes the buffer\u0027s\nphysical address and a status flag (\"OWN\") indicating which side owns\nthe buffer: OWN=0 for CPU, OWN=1 for MAC. The CPU is only allowed to set\nthe flag and the MAC is only allowed to clear it, and both must move\nthrough the ring in sequence: thus the ring is used for both\n\"submissions\" and \"completions.\"\n\nIn the stmmac driver, stmmac_rx() bookmarks its position in the ring\nwith the `cur_rx` index. The main receive loop in that function checks\nfor rx_descs[cur_rx].own=0, gives the corresponding buffer to the\nnetwork stack (NULLing the pointer), and increments `cur_rx` modulo the\nring size. After the loop exits, stmmac_rx_refill(), which bookmarks its\nposition with `dirty_rx`, allocates fresh buffers and rearms the\ndescriptors (setting OWN=1). If it fails any allocation, it simply stops\nearly (leaving OWN=0) and will retry where it left off when next called.\n\nThis means descriptors have a three-stage lifecycle (terms my own):\n- `empty` (OWN=1, buffer valid)\n- `full` (OWN=0, buffer valid and populated)\n- `dirty` (OWN=0, buffer NULL)\n\nBut because stmmac_rx() only checks OWN, it confuses `full`/`dirty`. In\nthe past (see \u0027Fixes:\u0027), there was a bug where the loop could cycle\n`cur_rx` all the way back to the first descriptor it dirtied, resulting\nin a NULL dereference when mistaken for `full`. The aforementioned\ncommit resolved that *specific* failure by capping the loop\u0027s iteration\nlimit at `dma_rx_size - 1`, but this is only a partial fix: if the\nprevious stmmac_rx_refill() didn\u0027t complete, then there are leftover\n`dirty` descriptors that the loop might encounter without needing to\ncycle fully around. The current code therefore panics (see \u0027Closes:\u0027)\nwhen stmmac_rx_refill() is memory-starved long enough for `cur_rx` to\ncatch up to `dirty_rx`.\n\nFix this by explicitly checking, before advancing `cur_rx`, if the next\nentry is dirty; exit the loop if so. This prevents processing of the\nfinal, used descriptor until stmmac_rx_refill() succeeds, but\nfully prevents the `cur_rx == dirty_rx` ambiguity as the previous bugfix\nintended: so remove the clamp as well. Since stmmac_rx_zc() is a\ncopy-paste-and-tweak of stmmac_rx() and the code structure is identical,\nany fix to stmmac_rx() will also need a corresponding fix for\nstmmac_rx_zc(). Therefore, apply the same check there.\n\nIn stmmac_rx() (not stmmac_rx_zc()), a related bug remains: after the\nMAC sets OWN=0 on the final descriptor, it will be unable to send any\nfurther DMA-complete IRQs until it\u0027s given more `empty` descriptors.\nCurrently, the driver simply *hopes* that the next stmmac_rx_refill()\nsucceeds, risking an indefinite stall of the receive process if not. But\nthis is not a regression, so it can be addressed in a future change."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN\n\nThe shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp-\u003egfn plus\nthe SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest\npage tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit\naad885e77496, \"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even\nwhen creating an MMIO SPTE\", 2026-03-27).  The flow is as follows:\n\n- a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is\n  accessed.  KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages;\n  the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because\n  the guest\u0027s mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous).\n\n- the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest.\n\n- the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area.  KVM installs\n  a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the \"correct\" GFN\n  (i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but\n  that GFN is outside of the [sp-\u003egfn, sp-\u003egfn + 511] range; therefore\n  the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page\n  is zapped.\n\n- the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the\n  kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped.  However, rmap_remove()\n  only looks at the [sp-\u003egfn, sp-\u003egfn + 511] range established in step 1,\n  and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3.\n\n- any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed\n  by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page.\n  This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from\n  MADV_DONTNEED).\n\nThe underlying issue is that KVM\u0027s walking of shadow PTEs assumes that\nif a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the\nexisting kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn.  Because the only way\nfor the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE...\nwhich shouldn\u0027t happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a\nguest write.\n\nThat bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM\nassumes that the GFN matches and walks into the \"wrong\" shadow page.\nHowever, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa (\"KVM: MMU:\nDon\u0027t allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages\") came along.\n\nFix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing\nSPTE.  That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs\nthe rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nRDMA/rxe: Reject non-8-byte ATOMIC_WRITE payloads\n\natomic_write_reply() at drivers/infiniband/sw/rxe/rxe_resp.c\nunconditionally dereferences 8 bytes at payload_addr(pkt):\n\n    value = *(u64 *)payload_addr(pkt);\n\ncheck_rkey() previously accepted an ATOMIC_WRITE request with pktlen ==\nresid == 0 because the length validation only compared pktlen against\nresid. A remote initiator that sets the RETH length to 0 therefore reaches\natomic_write_reply() with a zero-byte logical payload, and the responder\nreads sizeof(u64) bytes from past the logical end of the packet into\nskb-\u003ehead tailroom, then writes those 8 bytes into the attacker\u0027s MR via\nrxe_mr_do_atomic_write(). That is a remote disclosure of 4 bytes of kernel\ntailroom per probe (the other 4 bytes are the packet\u0027s own trailing ICRC).\n\nIBA oA19-28 defines ATOMIC_WRITE as exactly 8 bytes. Anything else is\nprotocol-invalid. Hoist a strict length check into check_rkey() so the\nresponder never reaches the unchecked dereference, and keep the existing\nWRITE-family length logic for the normal RDMA WRITE path.\n\nReproduced on mainline with an unmodified rxe driver: a sustained\nzero-length ATOMIC_WRITE probe repeatedly leaks adjacent skb head-buffer\nbytes into the attacker\u0027s MR, including recognisable kernel strings and\npartial kernel-direct-map pointer words.  With this patch applied the\nresponder rejects the PDU and the MR stays all-zero."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete\n\nKASAN reproduces a slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete()\u0027s\nhlist_del_rcu calls under syzkaller load on linux-6.12.y stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds/master and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include/linux/list.h:990 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:516 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\n  Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker/u8:9/435\n\n  Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n  Call Trace:\n   __hlist_del / hlist_del_rcu\n   __xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_flush\n   xfrm_state_fini\n   ops_exit_list\n   cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq/byspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x-\u003ekm.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(\u0026x-\u003ebyseq);\n\tif (x-\u003eid.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(\u0026x-\u003ebyspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx-\u003eid.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x-\u003eid.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x-\u003ekm.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst/bysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n  - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n    bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n    than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq/byspi nodes\n    are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n  - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n    byseq/byspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n    mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi / Read in __xfrm_state_lookup / Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec/sec produced zero xfrm_state UAF/OOB hits. /proc/slabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n  - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n  - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n  - 32 QEMU/KVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n  - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n    lifecycle"
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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              "value": "AV:L - The xfrm_state lifecycle is reached through the NETLINK_XFRM and PF_KEY socket interfaces (local syscalls); the freed object and the race are set up by the attacker\u0027s local state-management operations, not by remote packets.\nAC:L - Although it is a race/double-free, the attacker controls all racing actors (concurrent DELSA/ALLOCSPI/FLUSHSA threads plus namespace teardown they trigger) and can repeat indefinitely; syzkaller hit it ~100 times per hour, so a targeted trigger is reliable.\nPR:L - All xfrm operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN, but the check is against the netns user namespace, so an unprivileged user obtains it via `unshare -Urn` and exercises the per-netns xfrm_state path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all state creation, deletion and namespace teardown itself; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel\u0027s own slab memory within the same security authority; it is not a hypervisor or IOMMU boundary crossing.\nC:H - The slab-use-after-free gives the attacker control over freed xfrm_state contents and read-UAF sites (xfrm_alloc_spi/__xfrm_state_lookup), enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF/OOB writes an attacker-influenced 8-byte list pointer into freed/adjacent slab memory, providing a heap write primitive leveragable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The slab-use-after-free and out-of-bounds writes corrupt kernel hash chains, reliably causing oops/panic and bringing the kernel down."
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b4dc3181b4bfc5f5fc33ab33b1dc6e15759f4b6"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3943fcad7694a7d0b15aeabe7d3cc2a2eb8e92e8"
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        },
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14acf9652e5690de3c7486c6db5fb8dafd0a32a3"
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      "title": "xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete",
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    "datePublished": "2026-05-28T09:35:30.689Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.098Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T12:05:58.654Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nip6_gre: Use cached t-\u003enet in ip6erspan_changelink().\n\nAfter commit 5e72ce3e3980 (\"net: ipv6: Use link netns in newlink() of\nrtnl_link_ops\"), ip6erspan_newlink() correctly resolves the per-netns\nip6gre hash via link_net. ip6erspan_changelink() was not converted in\nthat series and still uses dev_net(dev), which diverges from the\ndevice\u0027s creation netns after IFLA_NET_NS_FD migration.\n\nThis re-inserts the tunnel into the wrong per-netns hash. The\noriginal netns keeps a stale entry. When that netns is later\ndestroyed, ip6gre_exit_rtnl_net() walks the stale entry, producing a\nslab-use-after-free reported by KASAN, followed by a kernel BUG at\nnet/core/dev.c (LIST_POISON1) in unregister_netdevice_many_notify().\n\nReachable from an unprivileged user namespace (unshare --user\n--map-root-user --net).\n\nip6gre_changelink() earlier in the same file already uses the cached\nt-\u003enet; only ip6erspan_changelink() has the wrong shape."
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only via local netlink operations (RTM_NEWLINK changelink, IFLA_NET_NS_FD device migration, and netns teardown), not from any remote packet path; this is a local attack surface.\nAC:L - The attacker deterministically performs every step (create erspan tunnel, migrate it to another netns, issue changelink, destroy the original netns) with no race or memory-layout condition outside their control.\nPR:L - The path nominally needs CAP_NET_ADMIN, but the fix commit explicitly states it is reachable from an unprivileged user namespace via `unshare --user --map-root-user --net`, so only a basic local user is required.\nUI:N - The entire sequence is driven by the attacker\u0027s own process; no action by any other user is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free and resulting crash are confined to the kernel\u0027s own structures within the same security authority; no boundary such as VM/IOMMU is crossed.\nC:H - The stale hash entry yields a slab-use-after-free on the ip6_tnl/net_device object; reallocating the freed slab with attacker-controlled data enables reading kernel memory contents, treated as High.\nI:H - The use-after-free permits heap grooming and writes through the dangling pointer (e.g., the rcu list manipulation in unregister), providing an arbitrary-write/control-flow primitive, scored High.\nA:H - Exploitation reliably produces a KASAN slab-use-after-free followed by a kernel BUG (LIST_POISON1) in unregister_netdevice_many_notify(), crashing the kernel."
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      "title": "ip6_gre: Use cached t-\u003enet in ip6erspan_changelink().",
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      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
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                  "vulnerable": true
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: virtio_bt: clamp rx length before skb_put\n\nvirtbt_rx_work() calls skb_put(skb, len) where len comes directly\nfrom virtqueue_get_buf() with no validation against the buffer we\nposted to the device. The RX skb is allocated in virtbt_add_inbuf()\nand exposed to virtio as exactly 1000 bytes via sg_init_one().\n\nChecking len against skb_tailroom(skb) is not sufficient because\nalloc_skb() can leave more tailroom than the 1000 bytes actually\nhanded to the device. A malicious or buggy backend can therefore\nreport used.len between 1001 and skb_tailroom(skb), causing skb_put()\nto include uninitialized kernel heap bytes that were never written by\nthe device.\n\nThe same path also accepts len == 0, in which case skb_put(skb, 0)\nleaves the skb empty but virtbt_rx_handle() still reads the pkt_type\nbyte from skb-\u003edata, consuming uninitialized memory.\n\nDefine VIRTBT_RX_BUF_SIZE once and reuse it in alloc_skb() and\nsg_init_one(), and gate virtbt_rx_work() on that same constant so\nthe bound checked matches the buffer actually exposed to the device.\nReject used.len == 0 in the same gate so an empty completion can\nno longer reach virtbt_rx_handle().\n\nUse bt_dev_err_ratelimited() because the length value comes from an\nuntrusted backend that can otherwise flood the kernel log.\n\nSame class of bug as commit c04db81cd028 (\"net/9p: Fix buffer\noverflow in USB transport layer\"), which hardened the USB 9p\ntransport against unchecked device-reported length."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The malicious value is the virtqueue used-buffer length supplied by the local virtio backend (host VMM / device-emulation process), reached over the virtio bus rather than the network stack or physical contact; virtio_bt exists only as a paravirtualized transport inside VM guests.\nAC:L - The backend fully and deterministically controls the reported `len`; choosing a value above tailroom reliably panics the guest and a value in (1000, tailroom] reliably exposes uninitialized heap, with no uncontrolled conditions.\nPR:N - The attacking device backend authenticates nothing and holds no privileges within the victim guest kernel, exactly as malicious-peripheral (USB) device bugs are scored PR:N in this tree.\nUI:N - The backend autonomously posts a crafted RX completion as soon as the device is opened; no guest-side user action is required.\nS:U - Both the vulnerable component and the impacted resources (guest kernel heap disclosure and guest kernel panic) reside within the guest kernel\u0027s security authority, so no scope boundary is crossed by the impact.\nC:H - An oversized `len` causes ~700 bytes of uninitialized kernel heap to be injected into the HCI receive path (observable via HCI monitor/raw sockets); this is an unbounded info leak, well beyond a few bytes.\nI:N - The bug only advances skb length/tail pointers and never grants an out-of-bounds write, UAF, or other primitive to modify kernel data beyond what a device can already do legitimately.\nA:H - A `len` exceeding skb tailroom drives `skb_put()` into `skb_over_panic()` \u2192 `BUG()`, giving the backend a reliable, repeatable guest kernel panic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:29:52.762Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4236e55b2d9d1ffd3b4bdf8ebbb86e5a0a526b4a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd91fa2678ab603dfb285416c1cf3843d7be1e41"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ed41c81d30b211a671667259c3b5feeba0e062d5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6c1730099a6fc18b183bd6c1adad3b54adcaeda9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b40cdd1b1370d76e9e760af4490cb4a351cceead"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e6b4296f170d949ebba937cf6a3f247ec9550d2c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21bd244b6de5d2fe1063c23acc93fbdd2b20d112"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Bluetooth: virtio_bt: clamp rx length before skb_put",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-46123",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-28T09:35:38.003Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.098Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:29:52.762Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}