{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rexml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.3.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58767"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-776"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-17T18:26:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T18:15:52Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThe REXML gems from 3.3.3 to 3.4.1 have a DoS vulnerability when parsing XML containing multiple XML declarations.\nIf you need to parse untrusted XMLs, you may be impacted to these vulnerabilities.\n\n### Patches\n\nREXML gems 3.4.2 or later include the patches to fix these vulnerabilities.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nDon\u0027t parse untrusted XMLs.\n\n### References\n\n* https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/09/18/dos-rexml-cve-2025-58767/ : An announcement on www.ruby-lang.org",
  "id": "GHSA-c2f4-jgmc-q2r5",
  "modified": "2025-09-19T14:41:30Z",
  "published": "2025-09-17T18:26:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/rexml/security/advisories/GHSA-c2f4-jgmc-q2r5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58767"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/rexml/commit/5859bdeac792687eaf93d8e8f0b7e3c1e2ed5c23"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/rexml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rexml/CVE-2025-58767.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/09/18/dos-rexml-cve-2025-58767"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "REXML has DoS condition when parsing malformed XML file"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.3.6"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.3.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27219"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-03T20:53:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T00:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a possibility for DoS by in the cgi gem.\nThis vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-27219. We recommend upgrading the cgi gem.\n\n## Details\n\nCGI::Cookie.parse took super-linear time to parse a cookie string in some cases. Feeding a maliciously crafted cookie string into the method could lead to a Denial of Service.\n\nPlease update CGI gem to version 0.3.5.1, 0.3.7, 0.4.2 or later.\n\n## Affected versions\n\ncgi gem versions \u003c= 0.3.5, 0.3.6, 0.4.0 and 0.4.1.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to lio346 for discovering this issue.\nAlso thanks to mame for fixing this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-gh9q-2xrm-x6qv",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:21Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T20:53:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27219"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/53"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/54"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2936778"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/cgi/CVE-2025-27219.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27219"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "CGI has Denial of Service (DoS) potential in Cookie.parse"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.commons:commons-lang3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.18.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "commons-lang:commons-lang"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48924"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-12T00:48:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T15:15:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Apache Commons Lang.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Commons Lang: Starting with\u00a0commons-lang:commons-lang\u00a02.0 to 2.6, and, from org.apache.commons:commons-lang3 3.0 before\u00a03.18.0.\n\nThe methods ClassUtils.getClass(...) can throw\u00a0StackOverflowError on very long inputs. Because an Error is usually not handled by applications and libraries, a StackOverflowError could\u00a0cause an application to stop.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-j288-q9x7-2f5v",
  "modified": "2025-11-05T20:30:31Z",
  "published": "2025-07-11T15:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang/commit/b424803abdb2bec818e4fbcb251ce031c22aca53"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/commons-lang"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/bgv0lpswokgol11tloxnjfzdl7yrc1g1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00026.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00032.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/09/msg00036.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Commons Lang is vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion when processing long inputs"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "uri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.12.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "uri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.13.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "uri"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61594"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-212"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T21:07:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T21:15:43Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nIn affected URI version, a bypass exists for the fix to CVE-2025-27221 that can expose user credentials.\n\nWhen using the `+` operator to combine URIs, sensitive information like passwords from the original URI can be leaked, violating RFC3986 and making applications vulnerable to credential exposure.\n\nThe vulnerability affects the `uri` gem bundled with the following Ruby series:\n\n* 0.12.4 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.2 series)\n* 0.13.2 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.3 series)\n* 1.0.3 and earlier (bundled in Ruby 3.4 series)\n\n### Patches\n\nUpgrade to 0.12.5, 0.13.3 or 1.0.4\n\n### References\n\n* https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories/\n* https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667",
  "id": "GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r",
  "modified": "2026-05-29T21:45:59Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T21:07:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/security/advisories/GHSA-j4pr-3wm6-xx2r"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61594"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/20157e3e29b125ff41f1d9662e2e3b1d066f5902"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/7e521b2da0833d964aab43019e735aea674e1c2c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri/commit/d3116ca66a3b1c97dc7577f9d2d6e353f391cd6a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2957667"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-22h5-pq3x-2gf2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/uri"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/uri/CVE-2025-61594.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/10/07/uri-cve-2025-61594"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "URI Credential Leakage Bypass over CVE-2025-27221"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.3.6"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "0.3.6"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "cgi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-27220"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-03T22:05:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T00:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a possibility for Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) by in the cgi gem. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-27220. We recommend upgrading the cgi gem.\n\n## Details\n\nThe regular expression used in `CGI::Util#escapeElement` is vulnerable to ReDoS. The crafted input could lead to a high CPU consumption.\n\nThis vulnerability only affects Ruby 3.1 and 3.2. If you are using these versions, please update CGI gem to version 0.3.5.1, 0.3.7, 0.4.2 or later.\n\n## Affected versions\n\ncgi gem versions \u003c= 0.3.5, 0.3.6, 0.4.0 and 0.4.1.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to svalkanov for discovering this issue.\nAlso thanks to nobu for fixing this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-mhwm-jh88-3gjf",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:21Z",
  "published": "2025-03-03T22:05:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/53"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi/pull/54"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2890322"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ruby/cgi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/cgi/CVE-2025-27220.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-27220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/26/security-advisories"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "CGI has Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) potential in Util#escapeElement"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "sinatra"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61921"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-10T20:28:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-10T20:15:38Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThere is a denial of service vulnerability in the `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing component of Sinatra, if the `etag` method is used when constructing the response and you are using Ruby \u003c 3.2.\n\n### Details\n\nCarefully crafted input can cause `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing in Sinatra to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is typically involved in generating the `ETag` header value. Any applications that use the `etag` method when generating a response are impacted if they are using Ruby below version 3.2.\n\n### Resources\n\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120 (report)\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121 (fix)\n* https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823 (older ReDoS vulnerability)\n* https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104 (fix in Ruby \u003e= 3.2)",
  "id": "GHSA-mr3q-g2mv-mr4q",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:46:28Z",
  "published": "2025-10-10T20:28:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/security/advisories/GHSA-mr3q-g2mv-mr4q"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61921"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/issues/2120"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/1823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/pull/2121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/3fe8c38dc405586f7ad8f2ac748aa53e9c3615bd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra/commit/8ff496bd4877520599e1479d6efead39304edceb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19104"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/sinatra/CVE-2025-61921.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sinatra/sinatra"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Sinatra is vulnerable to ReDoS through ETag header value generation"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0.beta1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.20"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22860"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-548"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-17T16:14:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T19:21:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Directory`\u2019s path check used a string prefix match on the expanded path. A request like `/../root_example/` can escape the configured root if the target path starts with the root string, allowing directory listing outside the intended root.\n\n## Details\n\nIn `directory.rb`, `File.expand_path(File.join(root, path_info)).start_with?(root)` does not enforce a path boundary. If the server root is `/var/www/root`, a path like `/var/www/root_backup` passes the check because it shares the same prefix, so `Rack::Directory` will list that directory also. \n\n## Impact\n\nInformation disclosure via directory listing outside the configured root when `Rack::Directory` is exposed to untrusted clients and a directory shares the root prefix (e.g., `public2`, `www_backup`).\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* Update to a patched version of Rack that correctly checks the root prefix.\n* Don\u0027t name directories with the same prefix as one which is exposed via `Rack::Directory`.",
  "id": "GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh",
  "modified": "2026-02-24T16:06:28Z",
  "published": "2026-02-17T16:14:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-mxw3-3hh2-x2mh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22860"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/75c5745c286637a8f049a33790c71237762069e7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2026-22860.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack has a Directory Traversal via Rack:Directory"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-61770"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-07T17:26:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T15:16:02Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`Rack::Multipart::Parser` buffers the entire multipart **preamble** (bytes before the first boundary) in memory without any size limit. A client can send a large preamble followed by a valid boundary, causing significant memory use and potential process termination due to out-of-memory (OOM) conditions.\n\n## Details\n\nWhile searching for the first boundary, the parser appends incoming data into a shared buffer (`@sbuf.concat(content)`) and scans for the boundary pattern:\n\n```ruby\n@sbuf.scan_until(@body_regex)\n```\n\nIf the boundary is not yet found, the parser continues buffering data indefinitely. There is no trimming or size cap on the preamble, allowing attackers to send arbitrary amounts of data before the first boundary.\n\n## Impact\n\nRemote attackers can trigger large transient memory spikes by including a long preamble in multipart/form-data requests. The impact scales with allowed request sizes and concurrency, potentially causing worker crashes or severe slowdown due to garbage collection.\n\n## Mitigation\n\n* **Upgrade:** Use a patched version of Rack that enforces a preamble size limit (e.g., 16 KiB) or discards preamble data entirely per [RFC 2046 \u00a7 5.1.1](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2046.html#section-5.1.1).\n* **Workarounds:**\n  * Limit total request body size at the proxy or web server level.\n  * Monitor memory and set per-process limits to prevent OOM conditions.",
  "id": "GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:29:37Z",
  "published": "2025-10-07T17:26:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-p543-xpfm-54cp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/589127f4ac8b5cf11cf88fb0cd116ffed4d2181e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/d869fed663b113b95a74ad53e1b5cae6ab31f29e"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack/commit/e08f78c656c9394d6737c022bde087e0f33336fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2025-61770.yml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack\u0027s unbounded multipart preamble buffering enables DoS (memory exhaustion)"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0-beta9"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.25.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-68161"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-297"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-19T22:08:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-18T21:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Socket Appender in Apache Log4j Core versions 2.0-beta9 through 2.25.2 does not perform TLS hostname verification of the peer certificate, even when the  [verifyHostName](https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/appenders/network.html#SslConfiguration-attr-verifyHostName)  configuration attribute or the  [log4j2.sslVerifyHostName](https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/systemproperties.html#log4j2.sslVerifyHostName) system property is set to true.\n\nThis issue may allow a man-in-the-middle attacker to intercept or redirect log traffic under the following conditions:\n\n  *  The attacker is able to intercept or redirect network traffic between the client and the log receiver.\n  *  The attacker can present a server certificate issued by a certification authority trusted by the Socket Appender\u2019s configured trust store (or by the default Java trust store if no custom trust store is configured).\n\n\nUsers are advised to upgrade to Apache Log4j Core version 2.25.3, which addresses this issue.\n\nAs an alternative mitigation, the Socket Appender may be configured to use a private or restricted trust root to limit the set of trusted certificates.",
  "id": "GHSA-vc5p-v9hr-52mj",
  "modified": "2025-12-19T22:08:02Z",
  "published": "2025-12-18T21:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/pull/4002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2/commit/3b93748497e1adbbd027fda8a5e7268ec5d0d578"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/logging-log4j2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/xr33kyxq3sl67lwb61ggvm1fzc8k7dvx"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/cyclonedx/vdr.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/appenders/network.html#SslConfiguration-attr-verifyHostName"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/systemproperties.html#log4j2.sslVerifyHostName"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://logging.apache.org/security.html#CVE-2025-68161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/18/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Log4j does not verify the TLS hostname in its Socket Appender"
}