GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2008-5984 (GCVE-0-2008-5984)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2009-01-28 11:00 – Updated: 2024-08-07 11:13
VLAI
Summary
Untrusted search path vulnerability in the Python plugin in Dia 0.96.1, and possibly other versions, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a Trojan horse Python file in the current working directory, related to a vulnerability in the PySys_SetArgv function (CVE-2008-5983).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • n/a
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-an… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2 mailing-listx_refsource_MLIST
http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_MANDRIVA
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251 x_refsource_CONFIRM
http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_MANDRIVA
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448 vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
http://secunia.com/advisories/33672 third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIA
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551 x_refsource_CONFIRM
http://secunia.com/advisories/33703 third-party-advisoryx_refsource_SECUNIA
https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilit… vdb-entryx_refsource_XF
Date Public
2008-11-02 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-07T11:13:13.702Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2009-1057",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "[oss-security] 20090126 CVE request -- Python \u003c 2.6 PySys_SetArgv issues (epiphany, csound, dia, eog, gedit, xchat, vim, nautilus-python, Gnumeric)",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2"
          },
          {
            "name": "MDVSA-2009:046",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_MANDRIVA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251"
          },
          {
            "name": "MDVSA-2009:040",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_MANDRIVA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040"
          },
          {
            "name": "33448",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_BID",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448"
          },
          {
            "name": "33672",
            "tags": [
              "third-party-advisory",
              "x_refsource_SECUNIA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33672"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551"
          },
          {
            "name": "33703",
            "tags": [
              "third-party-advisory",
              "x_refsource_SECUNIA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33703"
          },
          {
            "name": "dia-pysyssetargv-privilege-escalation(48262)",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_XF",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2008-11-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Untrusted search path vulnerability in the Python plugin in Dia 0.96.1, and possibly other versions, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a Trojan horse Python file in the current working directory, related to a vulnerability in the PySys_SetArgv function (CVE-2008-5983)."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2017-08-07T12:57:01.000Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2009-1057",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "[oss-security] 20090126 CVE request -- Python \u003c 2.6 PySys_SetArgv issues (epiphany, csound, dia, eog, gedit, xchat, vim, nautilus-python, Gnumeric)",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2"
        },
        {
          "name": "MDVSA-2009:046",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_MANDRIVA"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251"
        },
        {
          "name": "MDVSA-2009:040",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_MANDRIVA"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040"
        },
        {
          "name": "33448",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_BID"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448"
        },
        {
          "name": "33672",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory",
            "x_refsource_SECUNIA"
          ],
          "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33672"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551"
        },
        {
          "name": "33703",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory",
            "x_refsource_SECUNIA"
          ],
          "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33703"
        },
        {
          "name": "dia-pysyssetargv-privilege-escalation(48262)",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_XF"
          ],
          "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2008-5984",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "Untrusted search path vulnerability in the Python plugin in Dia 0.96.1, and possibly other versions, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a Trojan horse Python file in the current working directory, related to a vulnerability in the PySys_SetArgv function (CVE-2008-5983)."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2009-1057",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "[oss-security] 20090126 CVE request -- Python \u003c 2.6 PySys_SetArgv issues (epiphany, csound, dia, eog, gedit, xchat, vim, nautilus-python, Gnumeric)",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2"
            },
            {
              "name": "MDVSA-2009:046",
              "refsource": "MANDRIVA",
              "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046"
            },
            {
              "name": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251"
            },
            {
              "name": "MDVSA-2009:040",
              "refsource": "MANDRIVA",
              "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040"
            },
            {
              "name": "33448",
              "refsource": "BID",
              "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448"
            },
            {
              "name": "33672",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33672"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551"
            },
            {
              "name": "33703",
              "refsource": "SECUNIA",
              "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/33703"
            },
            {
              "name": "dia-pysyssetargv-privilege-escalation(48262)",
              "refsource": "XF",
              "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2008-5984",
    "datePublished": "2009-01-28T11:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2009-01-27T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-07T11:13:13.702Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2008-5984",
      "date": "2026-09-17",
      "epss": "0.00399",
      "percentile": "0.33721"
    },
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": "[{\"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:dia:dia:0.96.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"AD3662FF-8A42-412F-9F13-5ADC7AA1AA91\"}]}]}]",
      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Untrusted search path vulnerability in the Python plugin in Dia 0.96.1, and possibly other versions, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a Trojan horse Python file in the current working directory, related to a vulnerability in the PySys_SetArgv function (CVE-2008-5983).\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"Vulnerabilidad de b\\u00fasqueda de ruta no confiable en la extensi\\u00f3n Python en Dia v0.96.1 y posiblemente otras versiones, permite a usuarios locales la ejecuci\\u00f3n de c\\u00f3digo de su elecci\\u00f3n a trav\\u00e9s de un archivo Python con un caballo de Troya en el directorio actual de trabajo, relacionado con la vulnerabilidad en la funci\\u00f3n PySys_SetArgv (CVE-2008-5983).\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2008-5984",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T00:55:22.410",
      "metrics": "{\"cvssMetricV2\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"2.0\", \"vectorString\": \"AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C\", \"baseScore\": 6.9, \"accessVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"accessComplexity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"authentication\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\"}, \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"exploitabilityScore\": 3.4, \"impactScore\": 10.0, \"acInsufInfo\": false, \"obtainAllPrivilege\": true, \"obtainUserPrivilege\": false, \"obtainOtherPrivilege\": false, \"userInteractionRequired\": false}]}",
      "published": "2009-01-28T11:30:00.187",
      "references": "[{\"url\": \"http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://secunia.com/advisories/33672\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://secunia.com/advisories/33703\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html\", \"source\": \"cve@mitre.org\"}, {\"url\": \"http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://secunia.com/advisories/33672\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://secunia.com/advisories/33703\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]",
      "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": "[{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}]"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2008-5984\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2009-01-28T11:30:00.187\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-04-23T00:35:47.467\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Untrusted search path vulnerability in the Python plugin in Dia 0.96.1, and possibly other versions, allows local users to execute arbitrary code via a Trojan horse Python file in the current working directory, related to a vulnerability in the PySys_SetArgv function (CVE-2008-5983).\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Vulnerabilidad de b\u00fasqueda de ruta no confiable en la extensi\u00f3n Python en Dia v0.96.1 y posiblemente otras versiones, permite a usuarios locales la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo de su elecci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de un archivo Python con un caballo de Troya en el directorio actual de trabajo, relacionado con la vulnerabilidad en la funci\u00f3n PySys_SetArgv (CVE-2008-5983).\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C\",\"baseScore\":6.9,\"accessVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"accessComplexity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"exploitabilityScore\":3.4,\"impactScore\":10.0,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":true,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:dia:dia:0.96.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"AD3662FF-8A42-412F-9F13-5ADC7AA1AA91\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://secunia.com/advisories/33672\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://secunia.com/advisories/33703\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=504251\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://secunia.com/advisories/33672\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://secunia.com/advisories/33703\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:040\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:046\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/01/26/2\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33448\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=481551\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/48262\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-January/msg01065.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2025-11-21T13:13:17+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2008-5984",
      "id": "CVE-2008-5984",
      "initial_release_date": "2008-11-02T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "dia: untrusted python modules search path",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2008/cve-2008-5984.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2025-10-08T01:42:32Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2008-5984",
      "id": "CVE-2008-5984",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-02-15T06:05:50Z",
      "product_status:recommended": "70",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2008-5984",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2008-5984.json",
      "version": "5"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.