cve-2018-0299
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2018-06-21 11:00
Modified
2024-11-29 14:59
Severity ?
Summary
A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.
References
ykramarz@cisco.comhttp://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
ykramarz@cisco.comhttps://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dosVendor Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169Third Party Advisory, VDB Entry
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dosVendor Advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-05T03:21:15.467Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos"
          },
          {
            "name": "1041169",
            "tags": [
              "vdb-entry",
              "x_refsource_SECTRACK",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2018-0299",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-11-29T14:37:38.143273Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-11-29T14:59:45.938Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2018-06-21T00:00:00",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-20",
              "description": "CWE-20",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2018-06-23T09:57:01",
        "orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
        "shortName": "cisco"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos"
        },
        {
          "name": "1041169",
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_SECTRACK"
          ],
          "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "psirt@cisco.com",
          "ID": "CVE-2018-0299",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "CWE-20"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos"
            },
            {
              "name": "1041169",
              "refsource": "SECTRACK",
              "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
    "assignerShortName": "cisco",
    "cveId": "CVE-2018-0299",
    "datePublished": "2018-06-21T11:00:00",
    "dateReserved": "2017-11-27T00:00:00",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-11-29T14:59:45.938Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "fkie_nvd": {
      "configurations": "[{\"operator\": \"AND\", \"nodes\": [{\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": true, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:4.1\\\\(2\\\\)e1\\\\(1r\\\\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"6B1C093B-B321-4E9A-920C-F0A7D40702B8\"}]}, {\"operator\": \"OR\", \"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"vulnerable\": false, \"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_4001i:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"matchCriteriaId\": \"AB68FC53-5CD6-445F-9BB5-1F3724D92A4B\"}]}]}]",
      "descriptions": "[{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.\"}, {\"lang\": \"es\", \"value\": \"Una vulnerabilidad en la funcionalidad SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) de Cisco NX-OS en Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch podr\\u00eda permitir que un atacante remoto autenticado haga que se reinicie el dispositivo de manera inesperada, provocando una condici\\u00f3n de denegaci\\u00f3n de servicio (DoS). La vulnerabilidad se debe a la validaci\\u00f3n incompleta de una petici\\u00f3n de sondeo SNMP para un MIB en concreto. Un atacante podr\\u00eda explotar esta vulnerabilidad mediante el env\\u00edo de una petici\\u00f3n de sondeo SNMP espec\\u00edfica al dispositivo objetivo. Este exploit podr\\u00eda permitir que el atacante consiga que el dispositivo se reinicie, provocando una denegaci\\u00f3n de servicio (DoS). Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.\"}]",
      "id": "CVE-2018-0299",
      "lastModified": "2024-11-21T03:37:55.623",
      "metrics": "{\"cvssMetricV30\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"3.0\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"baseScore\": 6.5, \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"LOW\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}, \"exploitabilityScore\": 2.8, \"impactScore\": 3.6}], \"cvssMetricV2\": [{\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"cvssData\": {\"version\": \"2.0\", \"vectorString\": \"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:C\", \"baseScore\": 6.8, \"accessVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"accessComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"authentication\": \"SINGLE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"COMPLETE\"}, \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"exploitabilityScore\": 8.0, \"impactScore\": 6.9, \"acInsufInfo\": false, \"obtainAllPrivilege\": false, \"obtainUserPrivilege\": false, \"obtainOtherPrivilege\": false, \"userInteractionRequired\": false}]}",
      "published": "2018-06-21T11:29:00.287",
      "references": "[{\"url\": \"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\", \"source\": \"ykramarz@cisco.com\", \"tags\": [\"Third Party Advisory\", \"VDB Entry\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\", \"source\": \"ykramarz@cisco.com\", \"tags\": [\"Vendor Advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Third Party Advisory\", \"VDB Entry\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\", \"source\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"tags\": [\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]",
      "sourceIdentifier": "ykramarz@cisco.com",
      "vulnStatus": "Modified",
      "weaknesses": "[{\"source\": \"ykramarz@cisco.com\", \"type\": \"Secondary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CWE-20\"}]}, {\"source\": \"nvd@nist.gov\", \"type\": \"Primary\", \"description\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CWE-20\"}]}]"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2018-0299\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"ykramarz@cisco.com\",\"published\":\"2018-06-21T11:29:00.287\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T03:37:55.623\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Una vulnerabilidad en la funcionalidad SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) de Cisco NX-OS en Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch podr\u00eda permitir que un atacante remoto autenticado haga que se reinicie el dispositivo de manera inesperada, provocando una condici\u00f3n de denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (DoS). La vulnerabilidad se debe a la validaci\u00f3n incompleta de una petici\u00f3n de sondeo SNMP para un MIB en concreto. Un atacante podr\u00eda explotar esta vulnerabilidad mediante el env\u00edo de una petici\u00f3n de sondeo SNMP espec\u00edfica al dispositivo objetivo. Este exploit podr\u00eda permitir que el atacante consiga que el dispositivo se reinicie, provocando una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (DoS). Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV30\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":6.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:N/A:C\",\"baseScore\":6.8,\"accessVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"accessComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"authentication\":\"SINGLE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"COMPLETE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"exploitabilityScore\":8.0,\"impactScore\":6.9,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":false}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"ykramarz@cisco.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-20\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-20\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:cisco:nx-os:4.1\\\\(2\\\\)e1\\\\(1r\\\\):*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6B1C093B-B321-4E9A-920C-F0A7D40702B8\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:h:cisco:nexus_4001i:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"AB68FC53-5CD6-445F-9BB5-1F3724D92A4B\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\",\"source\":\"ykramarz@cisco.com\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\",\"VDB Entry\"]},{\"url\":\"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\",\"source\":\"ykramarz@cisco.com\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\",\"VDB Entry\"]},{\"url\":\"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\", \"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\", \"name\": \"1041169\", \"tags\": [\"vdb-entry\", \"x_refsource_SECTRACK\", \"x_transferred\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-05T03:21:15.467Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2018-0299\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-11-29T14:37:38.143273Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-11-29T14:38:24.589Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"n/a\", \"product\": \"Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown\"}]}], \"datePublic\": \"2018-06-21T00:00:00\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\", \"name\": \"1041169\", \"tags\": [\"vdb-entry\", \"x_refsource_SECTRACK\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-20\", \"description\": \"CWE-20\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633\", \"shortName\": \"cisco\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2018-06-23T09:57:01\"}, \"x_legacyV4Record\": {\"affects\": {\"vendor\": {\"vendor_data\": [{\"product\": {\"product_data\": [{\"version\": {\"version_data\": [{\"version_value\": \"Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown\"}]}, \"product_name\": \"Cisco Nexus 4000 unknown\"}]}, \"vendor_name\": \"n/a\"}]}}, \"data_type\": \"CVE\", \"references\": {\"reference_data\": [{\"url\": \"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\", \"name\": \"https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180620-n4k-snmp-dos\", \"refsource\": \"CONFIRM\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041169\", \"name\": \"1041169\", \"refsource\": \"SECTRACK\"}]}, \"data_format\": \"MITRE\", \"description\": {\"description_data\": [{\"lang\": \"eng\", \"value\": \"A vulnerability in the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) feature of Cisco NX-OS on the Cisco Nexus 4000 Series Switch could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to unexpectedly reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. The vulnerability is due to incomplete validation of an SNMP poll request for a specific MIB. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specific SNMP poll request to the targeted device. An exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvg10442.\"}]}, \"problemtype\": {\"problemtype_data\": [{\"description\": [{\"lang\": \"eng\", \"value\": \"CWE-20\"}]}]}, \"data_version\": \"4.0\", \"CVE_data_meta\": {\"ID\": \"CVE-2018-0299\", \"STATE\": \"PUBLIC\", \"ASSIGNER\": \"psirt@cisco.com\"}}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2018-0299\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-11-29T14:59:45.938Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2017-11-27T00:00:00\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633\", \"datePublished\": \"2018-06-21T11:00:00\", \"assignerShortName\": \"cisco\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.