cve-2021-28957
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2021-03-21 04:39
Modified
2024-08-03 21:55
Severity ?
Summary
An XSS vulnerability was discovered in python-lxml's clean module versions before 4.6.3. When disabling the safe_attrs_only and forms arguments, the Cleaner class does not remove the formaction attribute allowing for JS to bypass the sanitizer. A remote attacker could exploit this flaw to run arbitrary JS code on users who interact with incorrectly sanitized HTML. This issue is patched in lxml 4.6.3.
References
cve@mitre.orghttps://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153Exploit, Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999Patch, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270Patch, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/
cve@mitre.orghttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/
cve@mitre.orghttps://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880Third Party Advisory
cve@mitre.orghttps://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.htmlPatch, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153Exploit, Issue Tracking, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999Patch, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270Patch, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.htmlMailing List, Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880Third Party Advisory
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.htmlPatch, Third Party Advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Show details on NVD website

To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T21:55:12.376Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270"
          },
          {
            "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20210324 [SECURITY] [DLA 2606-1] lxml security update",
            "tags": [
              "mailing-list",
              "x_refsource_MLIST",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.html"
          },
          {
            "name": "DSA-4880",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_DEBIAN",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2021-28723f9670",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/"
          },
          {
            "name": "FEDORA-2021-4cdb0f68c7",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_FEDORA",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_MISC",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "x_refsource_CONFIRM",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/"
          },
          {
            "name": "GLSA-202208-06",
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_GENTOO",
              "x_transferred"
            ],
            "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "n/a",
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "An XSS vulnerability was discovered in python-lxml\u0027s clean module versions before 4.6.3. When disabling the safe_attrs_only and forms arguments, the Cleaner class does not remove the formaction attribute allowing for JS to bypass the sanitizer. A remote attacker could exploit this flaw to run arbitrary JS code on users who interact with incorrectly sanitized HTML. This issue is patched in lxml 4.6.3."
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "description": "n/a",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "text"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2022-08-10T05:06:44",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270"
        },
        {
          "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20210324 [SECURITY] [DLA 2606-1] lxml security update",
          "tags": [
            "mailing-list",
            "x_refsource_MLIST"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "DSA-4880",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_DEBIAN"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2021-28723f9670",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/"
        },
        {
          "name": "FEDORA-2021-4cdb0f68c7",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_FEDORA"
          ],
          "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/"
        },
        {
          "name": "GLSA-202208-06",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_GENTOO"
          ],
          "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06"
        }
      ],
      "x_legacyV4Record": {
        "CVE_data_meta": {
          "ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org",
          "ID": "CVE-2021-28957",
          "STATE": "PUBLIC"
        },
        "affects": {
          "vendor": {
            "vendor_data": [
              {
                "product": {
                  "product_data": [
                    {
                      "product_name": "n/a",
                      "version": {
                        "version_data": [
                          {
                            "version_value": "n/a"
                          }
                        ]
                      }
                    }
                  ]
                },
                "vendor_name": "n/a"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "data_format": "MITRE",
        "data_type": "CVE",
        "data_version": "4.0",
        "description": {
          "description_data": [
            {
              "lang": "eng",
              "value": "An XSS vulnerability was discovered in python-lxml\u0027s clean module versions before 4.6.3. When disabling the safe_attrs_only and forms arguments, the Cleaner class does not remove the formaction attribute allowing for JS to bypass the sanitizer. A remote attacker could exploit this flaw to run arbitrary JS code on users who interact with incorrectly sanitized HTML. This issue is patched in lxml 4.6.3."
            }
          ]
        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270"
            },
            {
              "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20210324 [SECURITY] [DLA 2606-1] lxml security update",
              "refsource": "MLIST",
              "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "DSA-4880",
              "refsource": "DEBIAN",
              "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2021-28723f9670",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/"
            },
            {
              "name": "FEDORA-2021-4cdb0f68c7",
              "refsource": "FEDORA",
              "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/"
            },
            {
              "name": "GLSA-202208-06",
              "refsource": "GENTOO",
              "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2021-28957",
    "datePublished": "2021-03-21T04:39:35",
    "dateReserved": "2021-03-21T00:00:00",
    "dateUpdated": "2024-08-03T21:55:12.376Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2021-28957\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"published\":\"2021-03-21T05:15:13.367\",\"lastModified\":\"2024-11-21T06:00:26.497\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"An XSS vulnerability was discovered in python-lxml\u0027s clean module versions before 4.6.3. When disabling the safe_attrs_only and forms arguments, the Cleaner class does not remove the formaction attribute allowing for JS to bypass the sanitizer. A remote attacker could exploit this flaw to run arbitrary JS code on users who interact with incorrectly sanitized HTML. This issue is patched in lxml 4.6.3.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Se ha descubierto una vulnerabilidad XSS en las versiones del m\u00f3dulo clean de python-lxml anteriores a la versi\u00f3n 4.6.3. Al desactivar los argumentos safe_attrs_only y forms, la clase Cleaner no elimina el atributo formaction, lo que permite que JS eluda el sanitizador. Un atacante remoto podr\u00eda aprovechar este fallo para ejecutar c\u00f3digo JS arbitrario en usuarios que interact\u00faen con HTML incorrectamente saneado. Este problema est\u00e1 parcheado en lxml  versi\u00f3n 4.6.3\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N\",\"baseScore\":6.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"CHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"integrityImpact\":\"LOW\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":2.7}],\"cvssMetricV2\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"2.0\",\"vectorString\":\"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N\",\"baseScore\":4.3,\"accessVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"accessComplexity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"authentication\":\"NONE\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"PARTIAL\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"NONE\"},\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"exploitabilityScore\":8.6,\"impactScore\":2.9,\"acInsufInfo\":false,\"obtainAllPrivilege\":false,\"obtainUserPrivilege\":false,\"obtainOtherPrivilege\":false,\"userInteractionRequired\":true}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-79\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:lxml:lxml:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.6.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2BADE2D9-D321-4DB0-839C-EB11673439DD\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DEECE5FC-CACF-4496-A3E7-164736409252\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"07B237A9-69A3-4A9C-9DA0-4E06BD37AE73\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E460AA51-FCDA-46B9-AE97-E6676AA5E194\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A930E247-0B43-43CB-98FF-6CE7B8189835\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapcenter:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BDFB1169-41A0-4A86-8E4F-FDA9730B1E94\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:oracle:zfs_storage_appliance_kit:8.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D3E503FB-6279-4D4A-91D8-E237ECF9D2B0\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Issue Tracking\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html\",\"source\":\"cve@mitre.org\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://bugs.launchpad.net/lxml/+bug/1888153\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Issue Tracking\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/lxml/lxml/commit/a5f9cb52079dc57477c460dbe6ba0f775e14a999\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/lxml/lxml/pull/316/commits/10ec1b4e9f93713513a3264ed6158af22492f270\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/03/msg00031.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3C2R44VDUY7FJVMAVRZ2WY7XYL4SVN45/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XXN3QPWCTQVOGW4BMWV3AUUZZ4NRZNSQ/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-06\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210521-0004/\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4880\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}"
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or seen somewhere by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability is confirmed from an analyst perspective.
  • Exploited: This vulnerability was exploited and seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Patched: This vulnerability was successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not exploited: This vulnerability was not exploited or seen by the user reporting the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expresses doubt about the veracity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: This vulnerability was not successfully patched by the user reporting the sighting.