CVE-2023-38703 (GCVE-0-2023-38703)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-10-06 13:46 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PJSIP has use-after-free vulnerability in SRTP media transport
Summary
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C with high level API in C, C++, Java, C#, and Python languages. SRTP is a higher level media transport which is stacked upon a lower level media transport such as UDP and ICE. Currently a higher level transport is not synchronized with its lower level transport that may introduce use-after-free issue. This vulnerability affects applications that have SRTP capability (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` is set) and use underlying media transport other than UDP. This vulnerability’s impact may range from unexpected application termination to control flow hijack/memory corruption. The patch is available as a commit in the master branch.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-19 18:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - Use After Free
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023… |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T17:46:56.764Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-38703",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-09-19T18:46:16.809273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-09-19T18:46:30.296Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "pjproject",
"vendor": "pjsip",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 2.13.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C with high level API in C, C++, Java, C#, and Python languages. SRTP is a higher level media transport which is stacked upon a lower level media transport such as UDP and ICE. Currently a higher level transport is not synchronized with its lower level transport that may introduce use-after-free issue. This vulnerability affects applications that have SRTP capability (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` is set) and use underlying media transport other than UDP. This vulnerability\u2019s impact may range from unexpected application termination to control flow hijack/memory corruption. The patch is available as a commit in the master branch."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416: Use After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-12-29T00:06:17.005Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PJSIP has use-after-free vulnerability in SRTP media transport"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-38703",
"datePublished": "2023-10-06T13:46:54.238Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-07-24T16:19:28.365Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-13T17:02:32.006Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2023-38703",
"date": "2026-10-14",
"epss": "0.0159",
"percentile": "0.75161"
},
"fkie_nvd": {
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:teluu:pjsip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "18445C5E-4DC0-4E50-8E25-1CE15925AAC1",
"versionEndIncluding": "2.13.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C with high level API in C, C++, Java, C#, and Python languages. SRTP is a higher level media transport which is stacked upon a lower level media transport such as UDP and ICE. Currently a higher level transport is not synchronized with its lower level transport that may introduce use-after-free issue. This vulnerability affects applications that have SRTP capability (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` is set) and use underlying media transport other than UDP. This vulnerability\u2019s impact may range from unexpected application termination to control flow hijack/memory corruption. The patch is available as a commit in the master branch.\n"
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "PJSIP es una librer\u00eda de comunicaci\u00f3n multimedia gratuita y de c\u00f3digo abierto escrita en C con API de alto nivel en los lenguajes C, C++, Java, C# y Python. SRTP es un transporte de medios de nivel superior que se apila sobre un transporte de medios de nivel inferior, como UDP e ICE. Actualmente, un transporte de nivel superior no est\u00e1 sincronizado con su transporte de nivel inferior, lo que puede introducir un problema de use-after-free. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a las aplicaciones que tienen capacidad SRTP (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` est\u00e1 configurado) y utilizan transporte de medios subyacente distinto de UDP. El impacto de esta vulnerabilidad puede variar desde la terminaci\u00f3n inesperada de la aplicaci\u00f3n hasta el secuestro de flujo de control/corrupci\u00f3n de memoria. El parche est\u00e1 disponible como commit en la rama master."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2023-38703",
"lastModified": "2024-11-21T08:14:05.403",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"published": "2023-10-06T14:15:12.020",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "pjproject",
"vendor": "pjsip",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 2.13.1"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:teluu:pjsip:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "18445C5E-4DC0-4E50-8E25-1CE15925AAC1",
"versionEndIncluding": "2.13.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C with high level API in C, C++, Java, C#, and Python languages. SRTP is a higher level media transport which is stacked upon a lower level media transport such as UDP and ICE. Currently a higher level transport is not synchronized with its lower level transport that may introduce use-after-free issue. This vulnerability affects applications that have SRTP capability (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` is set) and use underlying media transport other than UDP. This vulnerability\u2019s impact may range from unexpected application termination to control flow hijack/memory corruption. The patch is available as a commit in the master branch."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "PJSIP es una librer\u00eda de comunicaci\u00f3n multimedia gratuita y de c\u00f3digo abierto escrita en C con API de alto nivel en los lenguajes C, C++, Java, C# y Python. SRTP es un transporte de medios de nivel superior que se apila sobre un transporte de medios de nivel inferior, como UDP e ICE. Actualmente, un transporte de nivel superior no est\u00e1 sincronizado con su transporte de nivel inferior, lo que puede introducir un problema de use-after-free. Esta vulnerabilidad afecta a las aplicaciones que tienen capacidad SRTP (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` est\u00e1 configurado) y utilizan transporte de medios subyacente distinto de UDP. El impacto de esta vulnerabilidad puede variar desde la terminaci\u00f3n inesperada de la aplicaci\u00f3n hasta el secuestro de flujo de control/corrupci\u00f3n de memoria. El parche est\u00e1 disponible como commit en la rama master."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2023-38703",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:10:59.267",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2023-38703",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-09-19T18:46:16.809273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2023-10-06T14:15:12.020",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Patch",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"tags": [
"Mailing List"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-11-21T13:08:11+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2023-38703",
"id": "CVE-2023-38703",
"initial_release_date": "2023-10-06T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "pjsip: Use-after-free in SRTP media transport",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-38703.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T17:46:56.764Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC",
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2023-38703",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2024-09-19T18:46:16.809273Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-09-19T18:46:24.597Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "pjproject",
"vendor": "pjsip",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c= 2.13.1"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C with high level API in C, C++, Java, C#, and Python languages. SRTP is a higher level media transport which is stacked upon a lower level media transport such as UDP and ICE. Currently a higher level transport is not synchronized with its lower level transport that may introduce use-after-free issue. This vulnerability affects applications that have SRTP capability (`PJMEDIA_HAS_SRTP` is set) and use underlying media transport other than UDP. This vulnerability\u2019s impact may range from unexpected application termination to control flow hijack/memory corruption. The patch is available as a commit in the master branch."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416: Use After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2023-12-29T00:06:17.005Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/security/advisories/GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/pjsip/pjproject/commit/6dc9b8c181aff39845f02b4626e0812820d4ef0d"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00019.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-f76w-fh7c-pc66",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PJSIP has use-after-free vulnerability in SRTP media transport"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-38703",
"datePublished": "2023-10-06T13:46:54.238Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-07-24T16:19:28.365Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-02-13T17:02:32.006Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline
Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC
Loading timeline…
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.