CVE-2023-54071 (GCVE-0-2023-54071)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-24 12:23 – Updated: 2026-08-05 09:16
VLAI
Title
wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning The ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because ieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling drv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things. Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section! WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318 rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0 CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G W OE Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211] RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0 Call Trace: <TASK> __schedule+0xb0/0x1460 ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360 schedule+0x5a/0xc0 schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150 ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60 wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140 usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211 ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211 ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211 ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211 ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211 ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211 process_one_work+0x201/0x410 worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0 ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410 kthread+0xe1/0x110 ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20 ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 </TASK>
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 , < 107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce (git)
Affected: c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 , < dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f (git)
Affected: c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6 , < bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.19
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.19 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.30 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.3.4 , ≤ 6.3.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "lessThan": "107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "c1edc86472fc3a5aa3b5c5c53c4e20f6a24992a6",
              "versionType": "git"
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              "status": "affected",
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              "versionType": "git"
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        {
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
            "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.19"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "5.19",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.30",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.3.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.4",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.30",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.3.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "5.19",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:A - The trigger is an 802.11 frame \u2014 a Channel Switch Announcement or a bandwidth change advertised in a beacon/action frame by the AP the station is associated with \u2014 processed by `ieee80211_chswitch_work`, so the attacker must be within radio range or operating a rogue AP. Per kernel guidance, WiFi frame injection is Adjacent.\nAC:L - Every bandwidth-changing channel switch deterministically drives the sleeping USB control transfer into mac80211\u0027s RCU read-side critical section, and the attacker can repeat it at will by re-advertising CSA/bandwidth changes. The UAF variant\u0027s second side is equally attacker-controlled \u2014 a spoofed deauth forces the concurrent `sta_info` teardown \u2014 so both halves of the race are attacker-driven.\nPR:N - No credentials on the victim system are needed; beacon CSA elements are unprotected even under MFP, and an attacker-operated or spoofed AP reaches the path without any authentication to the target host.\nUI:N - A station that is merely associated or scanning processes the beacon/CSA automatically; no victim action such as opening a file or mounting a filesystem is required.\nS:U - The atomicity violation, RCU stall, and resulting memory corruption are all confined to the kernel\u0027s own security authority, with no crossing of a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary.\nC:H - Sleeping inside `rcu_read_lock()` breaks the RCU guarantee on non-preemptible kernels, allowing the grace period to elapse and `sta_info` objects on `local-\u003esta_list` to be freed while the loop still dereferences them \u2014 a use-after-free read that per kernel guidance is scored High.\nI:H - The same traversal writes through the potentially freed pointer (`link_sta-\u003epub-\u003ebandwidth = new_sta_bw`), giving a UAF write primitive, and the missing `rtwdev-\u003emutex` lets unserialized H2C mailbox/register writes race and corrupt firmware command state.\nA:H - The path produces a kernel WARNING (fatal under `panic_on_warn`) plus \"scheduling while atomic\" on non-preemptible builds, stalls RCU grace periods for seconds per station causing RCU CPU stall warnings and callback backlog, and can crash outright via the use-after-free."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:57.302Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304"
        }
      ],
      "title": "wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-54071",
    "datePublished": "2025-12-24T12:23:14.874Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-24T12:21:05.093Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:57.302Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "date": "2026-09-24",
      "epss": "0.00271",
      "percentile": "0.17161"
    },
    "nvd": {
      "cve": {
        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
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                    "status": "affected",
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                    "versionType": "git"
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                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "affected",
                "product": "Linux",
                "programFiles": [
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/mac80211.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.c",
                  "drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw88/main.h"
                ],
                "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
                "vendor": "Linux",
                "versions": [
                  {
                    "status": "affected",
                    "version": "5.19"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThan": "5.19",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "0",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.1.30",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "6.3.*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.3.4",
                    "versionType": "semver"
                  },
                  {
                    "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                    "status": "unaffected",
                    "version": "6.4",
                    "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
          }
        ],
        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning\n\nThe ieee80211_ops::sta_rc_update must be atomic, because\nieee80211_chan_bw_change() holds rcu_read lock while calling\ndrv_sta_rc_update(), so create a work to do original things.\n\n Voluntary context switch within RCU read-side critical section!\n WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 4621 at kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:318\n rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n CPU: 0 PID: 4621 Comm: kworker/u16:2 Tainted: G        W  OE\n Workqueue: phy3 ieee80211_chswitch_work [mac80211]\n RIP: 0010:rcu_note_context_switch+0x571/0x5d0\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  __schedule+0xb0/0x1460\n  ? __mod_timer+0x116/0x360\n  schedule+0x5a/0xc0\n  schedule_timeout+0x87/0x150\n  ? trace_raw_output_tick_stop+0x60/0x60\n  wait_for_completion_timeout+0x7b/0x140\n  usb_start_wait_urb+0x82/0x160 [usbcore\n  usb_control_msg+0xe3/0x140 [usbcore\n  rtw_usb_read+0x88/0xe0 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_usb_read8+0xf/0x10 [rtw_usb\n  rtw_fw_send_h2c_command+0xa0/0x170 [rtw_core\n  rtw_fw_send_ra_info+0xc9/0xf0 [rtw_core\n  drv_sta_rc_update+0x7c/0x160 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chan_bw_change+0xfb/0x110 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_change_chanctx+0x38/0x130 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_vif_use_reserved_switch+0x34e/0x900 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_link_use_reserved_context+0x88/0xe0 [mac80211\n  ieee80211_chswitch_work+0x95/0x170 [mac80211\n  process_one_work+0x201/0x410\n  worker_thread+0x4a/0x3b0\n  ? process_one_work+0x410/0x410\n  kthread+0xe1/0x110\n  ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20\n  ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30\n  \u003c/TASK\u003e"
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
        "lastModified": "2026-08-04T10:19:27.510",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "ADJACENT_NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-12-24T13:16:08.950",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/107677a8f43521e33e4a653e50fdf55ba622a4ce"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bcafcb959a57a6890e900199690c5fc47da1a304"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd3af22323e79a2ffabed366db20aab83716fe6f"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Deferred"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-04T19:14:03+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "initial_release_date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "120",
      "product_status:known_affected": "124",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "118",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: wifi: rtw88: use work to update rate to avoid RCU warning",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-54071.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-05T00:46:56Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "id": "CVE-2023-54071",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-12-25T00:56:19Z",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "560",
      "product_status:recommended": "49",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2023-54071",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2023-54071.json",
      "version": "13"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



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