CVE-2024-56531 (GCVE-0-2024-56531)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-27 14:11 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:44
VLAI
Title
ALSA: caiaq: Use snd_card_free_when_closed() at disconnection
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: caiaq: Use snd_card_free_when_closed() at disconnection The USB disconnect callback is supposed to be short and not too-long waiting. OTOH, the current code uses snd_card_free() at disconnection, but this waits for the close of all used fds, hence it can take long. It eventually blocks the upper layer USB ioctls, which may trigger a soft lockup. An easy workaround is to replace snd_card_free() with snd_card_free_when_closed(). This variant returns immediately while the release of resources is done asynchronously by the card device release at the last close. This patch also splits the code to the disconnect and the free phases; the former is called immediately at the USB disconnect callback while the latter is called from the card destructor.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-01 20:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 3993edf44d3df7b6e8c753eac6ac8783473fcbab (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < ebad462eec93b0f701dfe4de98990e7355283801 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 4dd821dcbfcecf7af6a08370b0b217cde2818acf (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < cadf1d8e9ddcd74584ec961aeac14ac549b261d8 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 237f3faf0177bdde728fa3106d730d806436aa4d (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < 4507a8b9b30344c5ddd8219945f446d47e966a6d (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < dd0de8cb708951cebf727aa045e8242ba651bb52 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < a3f9314752dbb6f6aa1f0f2b4c58243bda800738 (git)
Affected: 523f1dce37434a9a6623bf46e7893e2b4b10ac3c , < b04dcbb7f7b1908806b7dc22671cdbe78ff2b82c (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.22
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.22 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.19.325 , ≤ 4.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.287 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.231 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.174 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.120 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.64 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.11.11 , ≤ 6.11.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.2 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerability is driven by a local unprivileged process holding open file descriptors on the card\u0027s `/dev/snd/*` nodes, which is what stalls the disconnect callback and leaves freed URBs reachable. No network path exists, and the kernel CNA consistently scores USB disconnect/unbind-time driver bugs (btusb, rtsx_usb_ms, uvcvideo) as Local rather than Physical.\nAC:L - The attacker simply opens a PCM/control/MIDI fd and never closes it; no memory-layout condition or timing beyond the attacker\u0027s influence is needed to wedge `snd_card_free()`. The associated free-ordering race is one the attacker widens at will by keeping streams open and issuing concurrent prepare/trigger ioctls.\nPR:L - Only the ability to open the caiaq card\u0027s `/dev/snd` device nodes is required, which is granted to the `audio` group and to the logged-in seat user by default logind ACLs. No capability check exists anywhere on the path.\nUI:N - No victim action is required \u2014 the attacker\u0027s own held fd is what blocks the disconnect callback, and the disconnect/unbind event is an ordinary system event rather than a deliberate user operation.\nS:U - The impact is confined to the kernel of the same host; there is no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - Pre-fix, `data_urbs_in/out`, their transfer buffers, `data_cb_info` and the input device are freed while userspace fds still reference them, so a race between an in-flight `snd_pcm_prepare()`/`ep1_in_urb` completion and disconnect yields use-after-free reads on reallocated heap objects, which can be leveraged to disclose kernel memory.\nI:H - The same use-after-free window allows `usb_submit_urb()` on a freed `struct urb` and `input_report_*()` writes into a freed input device, giving the USB HCD and the driver write access to attacker-groomed heap memory \u2014 a control-flow-relevant corruption primitive.\nA:H - `snd_card_free()` blocks the USB disconnect callback indefinitely while holding the USB device lock, stalling hub event processing and all upper-layer USB ioctls and producing hung-task/soft-lockup conditions that require a reboot to clear; the use-after-free independently causes kernel oopses."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: caiaq: Use snd_card_free_when_closed() at disconnection\n\nThe USB disconnect callback is supposed to be short and not too-long\nwaiting.  OTOH, the current code uses snd_card_free() at\ndisconnection, but this waits for the close of all used fds, hence it\ncan take long.  It eventually blocks the upper layer USB ioctls, which\nmay trigger a soft lockup.\n\nAn easy workaround is to replace snd_card_free() with\nsnd_card_free_when_closed().  This variant returns immediately while\nthe release of resources is done asynchronously by the card device\nrelease at the last close.\n\nThis patch also splits the code to the disconnect and the free phases;\nthe former is called immediately at the USB disconnect callback while\nthe latter is called from the card destructor."
        },
        {
          "lang": "es",
          "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ALSA: caiaq: Usar snd_card_free_when_closed() en la desconexi\u00f3n Se supone que la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada de desconexi\u00f3n USB es corta y no requiere una espera demasiado larga. Por otro lado, el c\u00f3digo actual usa snd_card_free() en la desconexi\u00f3n, pero esto espera el cierre de todos los fds usados, por lo tanto, puede tomar mucho tiempo. Eventualmente bloquea los ioctl USB de la capa superior, lo que puede desencadenar un bloqueo suave. Una soluci\u00f3n f\u00e1cil es reemplazar snd_card_free() con snd_card_free_when_closed(). Esta variante regresa inmediatamente mientras que la liberaci\u00f3n de recursos se realiza de forma asincr\u00f3nica por la liberaci\u00f3n del dispositivo de la tarjeta en el \u00faltimo cierre. Este parche tambi\u00e9n divide el c\u00f3digo en las fases de desconexi\u00f3n y liberaci\u00f3n; la primera se llama inmediatamente en la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada de desconexi\u00f3n USB mientras que la segunda se llama desde el destructor de la tarjeta."
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        "affected": [
          {
            "affectedData": [
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: ALSA: caiaq: Usar snd_card_free_when_closed() en la desconexi\u00f3n Se supone que la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada de desconexi\u00f3n USB es corta y no requiere una espera demasiado larga. Por otro lado, el c\u00f3digo actual usa snd_card_free() en la desconexi\u00f3n, pero esto espera el cierre de todos los fds usados, por lo tanto, puede tomar mucho tiempo. Eventualmente bloquea los ioctl USB de la capa superior, lo que puede desencadenar un bloqueo suave. Una soluci\u00f3n f\u00e1cil es reemplazar snd_card_free() con snd_card_free_when_closed(). Esta variante regresa inmediatamente mientras que la liberaci\u00f3n de recursos se realiza de forma asincr\u00f3nica por la liberaci\u00f3n del dispositivo de la tarjeta en el \u00faltimo cierre. Este parche tambi\u00e9n divide el c\u00f3digo en las fases de desconexi\u00f3n y liberaci\u00f3n; la primera se llama inmediatamente en la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada de desconexi\u00f3n USB mientras que la segunda se llama desde el destructor de la tarjeta."
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                  "version": "4.19.325",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.4.287",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.10.231",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "5.15.174",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.1.120",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.6.64",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.11.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.11.11",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.12.2",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.13",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "4.19.325",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.4.287",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.231",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.174",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.120",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.64",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.11.11",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.2",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.13",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.22",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nALSA: caiaq: Use snd_card_free_when_closed() at disconnection\n\nThe USB disconnect callback is supposed to be short and not too-long\nwaiting.  OTOH, the current code uses snd_card_free() at\ndisconnection, but this waits for the close of all used fds, hence it\ncan take long.  It eventually blocks the upper layer USB ioctls, which\nmay trigger a soft lockup.\n\nAn easy workaround is to replace snd_card_free() with\nsnd_card_free_when_closed().  This variant returns immediately while\nthe release of resources is done asynchronously by the card device\nrelease at the last close.\n\nThis patch also splits the code to the disconnect and the free phases;\nthe former is called immediately at the USB disconnect callback while\nthe latter is called from the card destructor."
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T09:57:26.124Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3993edf44d3df7b6e8c753eac6ac8783473fcbab"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebad462eec93b0f701dfe4de98990e7355283801"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4dd821dcbfcecf7af6a08370b0b217cde2818acf"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cadf1d8e9ddcd74584ec961aeac14ac549b261d8"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/237f3faf0177bdde728fa3106d730d806436aa4d"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4507a8b9b30344c5ddd8219945f446d47e966a6d"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd0de8cb708951cebf727aa045e8242ba651bb52"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a3f9314752dbb6f6aa1f0f2b4c58243bda800738"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04dcbb7f7b1908806b7dc22671cdbe78ff2b82c"
            }
          ],
          "title": "ALSA: caiaq: Use snd_card_free_when_closed() at disconnection",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2024-56531",
        "datePublished": "2024-12-27T14:11:14.161Z",
        "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T14:03:05.984Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-10-01T20:07:17.750Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.