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CVE-2025-21728 (GCVE-0-2025-21728)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-27 02:07 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:39
VLAI
Title
bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible BPF programs can execute in all kinds of contexts and when a program running in a non-preemptible context uses the bpf_send_signal() kfunc, it will cause issues because this kfunc can sleep. Change `irqs_disabled()` to `!preemptible()`.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: fd29a0242f86b2d95ad666aa9f92a3d0f7bfdab6 , < feba1308bc5e8e04cee751d39fae8a9b407a9034 (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < ce51eab2070e295d298f42a2f1db269cd1b56d55 (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < e306eaaa3d78b462db5f5b11e0171f9d2b6ca3f4 (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < be42a09fe898635b0093c0c8dac1bfabe225c240 (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < eeef8e65041a031bd8a747a392c14b76a123a12c (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < 78b97783496b454435639937db3303e900a24d3f (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < 092fc76b7ab4163e008f9cde596a58dad2108260 (git)
Affected: 1bc7896e9ef44fd77858b3ef0b8a6840be3a4494 , < 87c544108b612512b254c8f79aa5c0a8546e2cc4 (git)
Affected: 7930d01afb7281edd9782971e0cca6fe587c7a7b (git)
Affected: 5.4.33 , < 5.4.291 (semver)
Affected: 5.5.18 , < 5.6 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.6
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.291 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.235 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.179 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.129 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.76 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.13 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.2 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21728\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-02-27T02:15:16.530\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T08:44:08.240\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nbpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible\\n\\nBPF programs can execute in all kinds of contexts and when a program\\nrunning in a non-preemptible context uses the bpf_send_signal() kfunc,\\nit will cause issues because this kfunc can sleep.\\nChange `irqs_disabled()` to `!preemptible()`.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: bpf: Env\u00eda se\u00f1ales de forma asincr\u00f3nica si los programas BPF !preemptible pueden ejecutarse en todo tipo de contextos y cuando un programa que se ejecuta en un contexto no preemptible utiliza la funci\u00f3n kfunc bpf_send_signal(), causar\u00e1 problemas porque esta funci\u00f3n kfunc puede suspenderse. 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GNU/Linux subsystem\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.4.33\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.291\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E6E00A4E-6D21-4396-A94E-5D3080BBB3C4\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5.18\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"654843C2-9EB0-4353-9CA1-F34C30F263B9\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.6.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.235\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8B58932D-19CF-4F0B-BAB4-565ACFC0C31B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.179\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C708062C-4E1B-465F-AE6D-C09C46400875\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.129\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2DA5009C-C9B9-4A1D-9B96-78427E8F232C\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.76\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A6D70701-9CB6-4222-A957-00A419878993\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.13\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2897389C-A8C3-4D69-90F2-E701B3D66373\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.13.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6D4116B1-1BFD-4F23-BA84-169CC05FC5A3\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.6:-:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A92F7A0E-C302-4FEA-9EF3-1A3D5CF3AD54\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/092fc76b7ab4163e008f9cde596a58dad2108260\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78b97783496b454435639937db3303e900a24d3f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/87c544108b612512b254c8f79aa5c0a8546e2cc4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be42a09fe898635b0093c0c8dac1bfabe225c240\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce51eab2070e295d298f42a2f1db269cd1b56d55\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e306eaaa3d78b462db5f5b11e0171f9d2b6ca3f4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eeef8e65041a031bd8a747a392c14b76a123a12c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/feba1308bc5e8e04cee751d39fae8a9b407a9034\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-23T23:56:41+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21728",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21728",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-02-27T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:fixed": "303",
      "product_status:known_affected": "174",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: bpf: Send signals asynchronously if !preemptible",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21728.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-29T01:28:22Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21728",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21728",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-02-28T02:21:49Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "514",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "324",
      "product_status:recommended": "399",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-21728",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-21728.json",
      "version": "60"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.