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CVE-2025-37905 (GCVE-0-2025-37905)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-20 15:21 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:17
VLAI
Title
firmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: firmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices Using device_find_child() to lookup the proper SCMI device to destroy causes an unbalance in device refcount, since device_find_child() calls an implicit get_device(): this, in turns, inhibits the call of the provided release methods upon devices destruction. As a consequence, one of the structures that is not freed properly upon destruction is the internal struct device_private dev->p populated by the drivers subsystem core. KMemleak detects this situation since loading/unloding some SCMI driver causes related devices to be created/destroyed without calling any device_release method. unreferenced object 0xffff00000f583800 (size 512): comm "insmod", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190 hex dump (first 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 .....N.......... ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff ........`6...... backtrace (crc 114e2eed): kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398 device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_register+0x28/0x40 __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380 scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390 scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8 scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8 notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0 scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0 0xffff80000a3b3038 do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730 do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640 load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70 init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158 $ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_add+0x954/0x12d0: kmalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:901 (inlined by) kzalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:1037 (inlined by) device_private_init at drivers/base/core.c:3510 (inlined by) device_add at drivers/base/core.c:3561 Balance device refcount by issuing a put_device() on devices found via device_find_child().
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 91ff1e9652fb9beb0174267d6bb38243dff211bb (git)
Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8 (git)
Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3 (git)
Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 969d8beaa2e374387bf9aa5602ef84fc50bb48d8 (git)
Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da (git)
Affected: d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f , < 9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.13
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.13 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.182 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.138 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.90 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.28 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.6 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-37905\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-05-20T16:15:26.927\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T09:15:40.247\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nfirmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices\\n\\nUsing device_find_child() to lookup the proper SCMI device to destroy\\ncauses an unbalance in device refcount, since device_find_child() calls an\\nimplicit get_device(): this, in turns, inhibits the call of the provided\\nrelease methods upon devices destruction.\\n\\nAs a consequence, one of the structures that is not freed properly upon\\ndestruction is the internal struct device_private dev-\u003ep populated by the\\ndrivers subsystem core.\\n\\nKMemleak detects this situation since loading/unloding some SCMI driver\\ncauses related devices to be created/destroyed without calling any\\ndevice_release method.\\n\\nunreferenced object 0xffff00000f583800 (size 512):\\n  comm \\\"insmod\\\", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190\\n  hex dump (first 32 bytes):\\n    00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00  .....N..........\\n    ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff  ........`6......\\n  backtrace (crc 114e2eed):\\n    kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8\\n    __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398\\n    device_add+0x954/0x12d0\\n    device_register+0x28/0x40\\n    __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380\\n    scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390\\n    scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8\\n    scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8\\n    notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0\\n    blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0\\n    scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0\\n    0xffff80000a3b3038\\n    do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730\\n    do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640\\n    load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70\\n    init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158\\n\\n$ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0\\ndevice_add+0x954/0x12d0:\\nkmalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:901\\n(inlined by) kzalloc_noprof at include/linux/slab.h:1037\\n(inlined by) device_private_init at drivers/base/core.c:3510\\n(inlined by) device_add at drivers/base/core.c:3561\\n\\nBalance device refcount by issuing a put_device() on devices found via\\ndevice_find_child().\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: firmware: arm_scmi: Equilibrar el recuento de referencias de dispositivos al destruir dispositivos. El uso de device_find_child() para buscar el dispositivo SCMI adecuado para destruir provoca un desequilibrio en el recuento de referencias de dispositivos, ya que device_find_child() llama a un m\u00e9todo get_device() impl\u00edcito: esto, a su vez, inhibe la llamada a los m\u00e9todos de liberaci\u00f3n proporcionados tras la destrucci\u00f3n de dispositivos. Como consecuencia, una de las estructuras que no se libera correctamente tras la destrucci\u00f3n es la estructura interna device_private dev-\u0026gt;p, rellenada por el n\u00facleo del subsistema de controladores. KMemleak detecta esta situaci\u00f3n, ya que la carga/descarga de alg\u00fan controlador SCMI provoca que los dispositivos relacionados se creen/destruyan sin llamar a ning\u00fan m\u00e9todo device_release. objeto sin referencia 0xffff00000f583800 (tama\u00f1o 512): comm \\\"insmod\\\", pid 227, jiffies 4294912190 volcado hexadecimal (primeros 32 bytes): 00 00 00 00 ad 4e ad de ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 .....N.......... ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 60 36 1d 8a 00 80 ff ff ........`6...... seguimiento inverso (crc 114e2eed): kmemleak_alloc+0xbc/0xd8 __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x2dc/0x398 device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_register+0x28/0x40 __scmi_device_create.part.0+0x1bc/0x380 scmi_device_create+0x2d0/0x390 scmi_create_protocol_devices+0x74/0xf8 scmi_device_request_notifier+0x1f8/0x2a8 notifier_call_chain+0x110/0x3b0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x70/0xb0 scmi_driver_register+0x350/0x7f0 0xffff80000a3b3038 do_one_initcall+0x12c/0x730 do_init_module+0x1dc/0x640 load_module+0x4b20/0x5b70 init_module_from_file+0xec/0x158 $ ./scripts/faddr2line ./vmlinux device_add+0x954/0x12d0 device_add+0x954/0x12d0: kmalloc_noprof en include/linux/slab.h:901 (en l\u00ednea por) kzalloc_noprof en include/linux/slab.h:1037 (en l\u00ednea por) device_private_init en drivers/base/core.c:3510 (en l\u00ednea por) device_add en drivers/base/core.c:3561 Equilibre el recuento de dispositivos emitiendo un put_device() en los dispositivos encontrados a trav\u00e9s de device_find_child().\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/bus.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f\",\"lessThan\":\"91ff1e9652fb9beb0174267d6bb38243dff211bb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f\",\"lessThan\":\"ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f\",\"lessThan\":\"2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f\",\"lessThan\":\"969d8beaa2e374387bf9aa5602ef84fc50bb48d8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f\",\"lessThan\":\"8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d4f9dddd21f39395c62ea12d3d91239637d4805f\",\"lessThan\":\"9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/firmware/arm_scmi/bus.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.13\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.13\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.182\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.138\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.90\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.28\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14.6\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.14.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-401\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.182\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"01287EDF-2A72-4749-B769-52534D348E33\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.138\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B6266F82-46B4-4D38-AC4A-54C92A1DFAB2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.90\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2BE1DB09-2D62-4C63-AF19-947300669741\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.28\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5082CE19-0F3D-4521-AB3E-810D8255F500\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.14.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"19E5095E-5950-43EA-8E78-FC860855293F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8D465631-2980-487A-8E65-40AE2B9F8ED1\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4C9D071F-B28E-46EC-AC61-22B913390211\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"13FC0DDE-E513-465E-9E81-515702D49B74\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"8C7B5B0E-4EEB-48F5-B4CF-0935A7633845\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.15:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2D240580-3048-49B2-9E27-F115A9DF8224\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fbf6c9695ad9f05e7e5c166bf43fac7cb3276b3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8a8a3547d5c4960da053df49c75bf623827a25da\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91ff1e9652fb9beb0174267d6bb38243dff211bb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/969d8beaa2e374387bf9aa5602ef84fc50bb48d8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ca67840c0ddf3f39407339624cef824a4f27599\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff4273d47da81b95ed9396110bcbd1b7b7470fe8\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "None",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T10:21:08+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37905",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37905",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-20T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: firmware: arm_scmi: Balance device refcount when destroying devices",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-37905.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-26T01:25:21Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-37905",
      "id": "CVE-2025-37905",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-05-21T00:47:19Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "490",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "190",
      "product_status:recommended": "432",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-37905",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-37905.json",
      "version": "40"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.