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CVE-2025-38604 (GCVE-0-2025-38604)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-19 17:03 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:03
VLAI
Title
wifi: rtl818x: Kill URBs before clearing tx status queue
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: wifi: rtl818x: Kill URBs before clearing tx status queue In rtl8187_stop() move the call of usb_kill_anchored_urbs() before clearing b_tx_status.queue. This change prevents callbacks from using already freed skb due to anchor was not killed before freeing such skb. BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000080 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Not tainted 6.15.0 #8 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe+0x21/0xc0 [mac80211] Call Trace: <IRQ> rtl8187_tx_cb+0x116/0x150 [rtl8187] __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x9d/0x120 usb_giveback_urb_bh+0xbb/0x140 process_one_work+0x19b/0x3c0 bh_worker+0x1a7/0x210 tasklet_action+0x10/0x30 handle_softirqs+0xf0/0x340 __irq_exit_rcu+0xcd/0xf0 common_interrupt+0x85/0xa0 </IRQ> Tested on RTL8187BvE device. Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < e64732ebff9e24258e7326f07adbe2f2b990daf8 (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < 789415771422f4fb9f444044f86ecfaec55df1bd (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < c73c773b09e313278f9b960303a2809b8440bac6 (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < 8c767727f331fb9455b0f81daad832b5925688cb (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < 14ca6952691fa8cc91e7644512e6ff24a595283f (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < 7858a95566f4ebf59524666683d2dcdba3fca968 (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < c51a45ad9070a6d296174fcbe5c466352836c12b (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < 81cfe34d0630de4e23ae804dcc08fb6f861dc37d (git)
Affected: c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f , < 16d8fd74dbfca0ea58645cd2fca13be10cae3cdd (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.29
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.29 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.148 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.102 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.42 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: rtl818x: Kill URBs before clearing tx status queue\n\nIn rtl8187_stop() move the call of usb_kill_anchored_urbs() before clearing\nb_tx_status.queue. This change prevents callbacks from using already freed\nskb due to anchor was not killed before freeing such skb.\n\n BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000080\n #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n PGD 0 P4D 0\n Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Not tainted 6.15.0 #8 PREEMPT(voluntary)\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n RIP: 0010:ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe+0x21/0xc0 [mac80211]\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cIRQ\u003e\n  rtl8187_tx_cb+0x116/0x150 [rtl8187]\n  __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x9d/0x120\n  usb_giveback_urb_bh+0xbb/0x140\n  process_one_work+0x19b/0x3c0\n  bh_worker+0x1a7/0x210\n  tasklet_action+0x10/0x30\n  handle_softirqs+0xf0/0x340\n  __irq_exit_rcu+0xcd/0xf0\n  common_interrupt+0x85/0xa0\n  \u003c/IRQ\u003e\n\nTested on RTL8187BvE device.\n\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE."
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              "value": "AV:L - The race is armed by locally bringing the wireless interface down (`ip link set wlan0 down` \u2192 `ieee80211_stop()` \u2192 `ieee80211_do_stop()` \u2192 `drv_stop()` \u2192 `rtl8187_stop()`) while local TX traffic keeps URBs in flight; no received 802.11 frame or routable packet can invoke the driver\u0027s stop callback, so an adjacent or remote peer cannot reach the vulnerable path.\nAC:L - The attacker owns both sides of the race \u2014 they flood the TX path to keep more than five entries in `b_tx_status.queue` (the exact precondition for the racing `skb_dequeue()` in `rtl8187_tx_cb()`\u0027s drain loop) and then issue the interface-down, repeating the up/down cycle indefinitely until the window between the drain loop and `usb_kill_anchored_urbs()` is hit; `CONFIG_RTL8187` is a stock distro module, so no rare configuration is required.\nPR:L - Bringing the interface down requires CAP_NET_ADMIN over the network namespace owning the netdev, which an unprivileged user holds via `unshare -Ur` once the wiphy has been delegated into a container netns \u2014 the same reasoning applied to mac80211 configuration paths in CVE-2025-38642; on desktop deployments polkit additionally lets an active unprivileged session toggle WiFi through NetworkManager.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both the traffic generation and the interface down/up cycle themselves; no victim needs to open a file, mount anything, or take any other action.\nS:U - The freed/NULL sk_buff is dereferenced in the host kernel\u0027s own driver and mac80211 context, with no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary crossed.\nC:H - The fix exists to stop URB completion callbacks from consuming skbs already released by `dev_kfree_skb_any()`; a freed `struct sk_buff` reallocated by a concurrent attacker-controlled allocation supplies the `ieee80211_hw *` read from `info-\u003erate_driver_data[0]` and is then relinked into mac80211\u0027s status queues, yielding a controlled kernel-pointer dereference and read primitive.\nI:H - The same use-after-free window lets a sprayed replacement object drive `hw-\u003epriv` and the subsequent `ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe()` queueing, and skbs re-queued by `rtl8187_tx_cb()` after the drain are later freed again, giving double-free and heap-corruption primitives exploitable for control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The reproduced impact on real RTL8187BvE hardware is a kernel oops from `ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe()` dereferencing a NULL skb inside the USB giveback BH, which kills the softirq worker and wedges the WLAN device, and becomes a full panic on systems with `panic_on_oops`; the attacker can re-trigger it at will."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38604",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-19T17:03:43.358Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:24.028Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:03:25.920Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "date": "2026-09-16",
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      "cve": "CVE-2025-38604",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-38604",
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      "product_status:fixed": "2",
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      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
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      "title": "wifi: rtl818x: Kill URBs before clearing tx status queue",
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This change prevents callbacks from using already freed\\nskb due to anchor was not killed before freeing such skb.\\n\\n BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000080\\n #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\\n #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\\n PGD 0 P4D 0\\n Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\\n CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Not tainted 6.15.0 #8 PREEMPT(voluntary)\\n Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\\n RIP: 0010:ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe+0x21/0xc0 [mac80211]\\n Call Trace:\\n  \u003cIRQ\u003e\\n  rtl8187_tx_cb+0x116/0x150 [rtl8187]\\n  __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x9d/0x120\\n  usb_giveback_urb_bh+0xbb/0x140\\n  process_one_work+0x19b/0x3c0\\n  bh_worker+0x1a7/0x210\\n  tasklet_action+0x10/0x30\\n  handle_softirqs+0xf0/0x340\\n  __irq_exit_rcu+0xcd/0xf0\\n  common_interrupt+0x85/0xa0\\n  \u003c/IRQ\u003e\\n\\nTested on RTL8187BvE device.\\n\\nFound by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: wifi: rtl818x: Eliminar URBs antes de borrar la cola de estado de la transmisi\u00f3n. En rtl8187_stop(), la llamada a usb_kill_anchored_urbs() se desplaza antes de borrar b_tx_status.queue. Este cambio impide que las devoluciones de llamada utilicen skb ya liberados, ya que el ancla no se elimin\u00f3 antes de liberar dicho skb. ERROR: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000080 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 7 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Not tainted 6.15.0 #8 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 RIP: 0010:ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe+0x21/0xc0 [mac80211] Call Trace:  rtl8187_tx_cb+0x116/0x150 [rtl8187] __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x9d/0x120 usb_giveback_urb_bh+0xbb/0x140 process_one_work+0x19b/0x3c0 bh_worker+0x1a7/0x210 tasklet_action+0x10/0x30 handle_softirqs+0xf0/0x340 __irq_exit_rcu+0xcd/0xf0 common_interrupt+0x85/0xa0  Probado en el dispositivo RTL8187BvE. Encontrado por el Centro de Verificaci\u00f3n de Linux (linuxtesting.org) con SVACE.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/dev.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"e64732ebff9e24258e7326f07adbe2f2b990daf8\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"789415771422f4fb9f444044f86ecfaec55df1bd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"c73c773b09e313278f9b960303a2809b8440bac6\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"8c767727f331fb9455b0f81daad832b5925688cb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"14ca6952691fa8cc91e7644512e6ff24a595283f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"7858a95566f4ebf59524666683d2dcdba3fca968\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"c51a45ad9070a6d296174fcbe5c466352836c12b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"81cfe34d0630de4e23ae804dcc08fb6f861dc37d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"c1db52b9d27ee6e15a7136e67e4a21dc916cd07f\",\"lessThan\":\"16d8fd74dbfca0ea58645cd2fca13be10cae3cdd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl818x/rtl8187/dev.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"2.6.29\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"2.6.29\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.4.297\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.4.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.241\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.190\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.148\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.102\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.42\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-476\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"2.6.29\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.297\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B9F2FDF6-4EB5-4DFF-BC93-F12605A32B6E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.241\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D0D21C35-EB8A-488A-BBF9-403E4817E5DD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\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Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:02:04+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38604",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38604",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "28",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "246",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: wifi: rtl818x: Kill URBs before clearing tx status queue",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38604.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-29T01:18:06Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38604",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38604",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-08-19T23:23:02Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "733",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "64",
      "product_status:recommended": "495",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38604",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38604.json",
      "version": "51"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.