CVE-2025-39732 (GCVE-0-2025-39732)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-07 15:16 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()
ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() is passed as the iterator to
ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic(). Note in this case the iterator is
required to be atomic, however ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() does
not follow it as it might sleep. Consequently below warning is seen:
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at wmi.c:304
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl
__might_resched.cold
ath11k_wmi_cmd_send
ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param
ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate
ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic
ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold
Change to ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() to fix this issue.
Tested-on: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30
Severity
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d , < 9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf
(git)
Affected: d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d , < 7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f (git) Affected: d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d , < 6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47 (git) Affected: d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d , < 65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129 (git) |
guessed | |
| Linux | Linux |
Affected:
5.6
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.6 (semver) Unaffected: 6.12.42 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.15.10 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.16.1 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver) Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix) |
guessed |
{
"containers": {
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"programFiles": [
"drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c"
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"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
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"versionType": "semver"
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{
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"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
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"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.15.10",
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},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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},
{
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}
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"negate": false,
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"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nwifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()\n\nath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() is passed as the iterator to\nieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic(). Note in this case the iterator is\nrequired to be atomic, however ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate() does\nnot follow it as it might sleep. Consequently below warning is seen:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at wmi.c:304\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl\n __might_resched.cold\n ath11k_wmi_cmd_send\n ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param\n ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate\n ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic\n ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold\n\nChange to ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() to fix this issue.\n\nTested-on: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30"
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "AV:L - The vulnerable driver op is only reachable through local configuration interfaces \u2014 the nl80211 netlink command NL80211_CMD_SET_TX_BITRATE_MASK or the legacy WEXT SIOCSIWRATE ioctl on the wireless netdev. No received 802.11 frame or remote peer action can invoke ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask(), so the attack surface is local syscall/netlink only.\nAC:L - The atomic-context violation is unconditional: every invocation of the affected branches runs a might_sleep()/wait_event_timeout() callback inside rcu_read_lock(), and the attacker fully controls the bitrate mask that selects those branches. Extending it to an actual block (and thus a grace-period-completing context switch) only requires having peers associated and saturating WMI credits, both of which the attacker can arrange.\nPR:L - Both entry points gate on CAP_NET_ADMIN (GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM for nl80211, capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN) for WEXT), which is a namespace-aware network-administration capability rather than real root, and is routinely delegated to unprivileged-facing daemons (wpa_supplicant, NetworkManager helpers, hostapd) on phones, APs and embedded gateways.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the bitrate-mask configuration itself; no second user has to open a file, mount media, or take any action for the bug to fire.\nS:U - The fault, the corrupted RCU-protected station list, and the resulting crash all stay within the same kernel security authority on the host; no VM, IOMMU, container, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Blocking for up to WMI_SEND_TIMEOUT_HZ inside the rcu_read_lock() of __iterate_stations() lets the grace period complete on non-preemptible-RCU builds, so a concurrently destroyed sta_info can be freed and reallocated while the iterator is parked on it; the resumed list_for_each_entry_rcu() then reads freed/attacker-groomed heap through sta-\u003eaddr and the list pointers, leaking that content into the WMI peer command and the ath11k_warn(\"...for STA %pM\") log line.\nI:H - The same use-after-free lets the traversal follow a dangling next pointer into reclaimed, attacker-sprayable memory and feed the resulting garbage into firmware peer-parameter commands, and __schedule_bug() additionally resets the preempt count, leaving the scheduler\u0027s atomic-nesting state inconsistent for the remainder of the task.\nA:H - The bug reliably produces a \"BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context\" splat plus a scheduling-while-atomic BUG with full call trace, which escalates to a full panic on panic_on_warn/panic_on_oops kernels common in embedded and cloud images, and the RCU-list use-after-free can oops the kernel outright."
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:04:54.494Z",
"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"shortName": "Linux"
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{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129"
}
],
"title": "wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()",
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"assignerShortName": "Linux",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-39732",
"datePublished": "2025-09-07T15:16:20.684Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.118Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:04:54.494Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-39732",
"date": "2026-09-16",
"epss": "0.00153",
"percentile": "0.04779"
},
"microsoft_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-02-18T01:13:54.000Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39732",
"id": "msrc_CVE-2025-39732",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-02T00:00:00.000Z",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "2",
"source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-39732.json",
"version": "4"
},
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Consequently below warning is seen:\\n\\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at wmi.c:304\\nCall Trace:\\n \u003cTASK\u003e\\n dump_stack_lvl\\n __might_resched.cold\\n ath11k_wmi_cmd_send\\n ath11k_wmi_set_peer_param\\n ath11k_mac_disable_peer_fixed_rate\\n ieee80211_iterate_stations_atomic\\n ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask.cold\\n\\nChange to ieee80211_iterate_stations_mtx() to fix this issue.\\n\\nTested-on: WCN6855 hw2.0 PCI WLAN.HSP.1.1-03125-QCAHSPSWPL_V1_V2_SILICONZ_LITE-3.6510.30\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d\",\"lessThan\":\"9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d\",\"lessThan\":\"7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d\",\"lessThan\":\"6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"d5c65159f2895379e11ca13f62feabe93278985d\",\"lessThan\":\"65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath11k/mac.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.6\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.6\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.42\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.15.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.16.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.16.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.17\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.6\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.42\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"64872F74-41C1-40BD-8B6D-913BBBFAE047\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.10\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"5890C690-B295-40C2-9121-FF5F987E5142\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.1\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58182352-D7DF-4CC9-841E-03C1D852C3FB\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/65c12b104cb942d588a1a093acc4537fb3d3b129\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bdef22d540258ca06f079f7b6ae100669a19b47\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d4d0db0dc9424de2bdc0b45e919e4892603356f\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c0e3144924c7db701575a73af341d33184afeaf\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
"redhat_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-07-30T08:58:57+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39732",
"id": "CVE-2025-39732",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-07T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_affected": "232",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "42",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "kernel: wifi: ath11k: fix sleeping-in-atomic in ath11k_mac_op_set_bitrate_mask()",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-39732.json",
"version": "3"
},
"suse_vex": {
"aggregate_severity": "moderate",
"current_release_date": "2026-09-11T16:37:24Z",
"cve": "CVE-2025-39732",
"id": "CVE-2025-39732",
"initial_release_date": "2025-09-08T23:22:03Z",
"product_status:first_fixed": "2",
"product_status:known_affected": "522",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "259",
"product_status:recommended": "464",
"source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
"status": "interim",
"title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-39732",
"url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-39732.json",
"version": "50"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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