GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration

CVE-2025-52886 (GCVE-0-2025-52886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-02 15:46 – Updated: 2025-11-04 22:06
VLAI
Title
Poppler Use After Free Vulnerability
Summary
Poppler is a PDF rendering library. Versions prior to 25.06.0 use `std::atomic_int` for reference counting. Because `std::atomic_int` is only 32 bits, it is possible to overflow the reference count and trigger a use-after-free. Version 25.06.0 patches the issue.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-07-02 15:59 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
poppler poppler Affected: < 25.06.0
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-52886",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-07-02T15:59:12.705717Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-07-02T15:59:16.924Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      },
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T22:06:42.737Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/5"
          },
          {
            "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/12/1"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "poppler",
          "vendor": "poppler",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 25.06.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Poppler is a PDF rendering library. Versions prior to 25.06.0 use `std::atomic_int` for reference counting. Because `std::atomic_int` is only 32 bits, it is possible to overflow the reference count and trigger a use-after-free. Version 25.06.0 patches the issue."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-416",
              "description": "CWE-416: Use After Free",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-07-02T15:46:49.733Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2025-054_poppler/",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2025-054_poppler/"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/04bd91684ed41d67ae0f10cde0660e4ed74ac203",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/04bd91684ed41d67ae0f10cde0660e4ed74ac203"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/ac36affcc8486de38e8905a8d6547a3464ff46e5",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/ac36affcc8486de38e8905a8d6547a3464ff46e5"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/issues/1581",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/issues/1581"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/merge_requests/1828",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/merge_requests/1828"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-922r-mhj4-78rc",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Poppler Use After Free Vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-52886",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-02T15:46:49.733Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-06-20T17:42:25.708Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-04T22:06:42.737Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-52886",
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "epss": "0.00392",
      "percentile": "0.32889"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-52886\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"published\":\"2025-07-02T16:15:28.933\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T09:37:12.977\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Poppler is a PDF rendering library. Versions prior to 25.06.0 use `std::atomic_int` for reference counting. Because `std::atomic_int` is only 32 bits, it is possible to overflow the reference count and trigger a use-after-free. Version 25.06.0 patches the issue.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"Poppler es una librer\u00eda de renderizado de PDF. Las versiones anteriores a la 25.06.0 utilizan `std::atomic_int` para el recuento de referencias. Dado que `std::atomic_int` solo tiene 32 bits, es posible que se sobrepase el recuento de referencias y se active un proceso de use-after-free. La versi\u00f3n 25.06.0 corrige este problema.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"poppler\",\"product\":\"poppler\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"\u003c 25.06.0\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV40\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"4.0\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"attackRequirements\":\"NONE\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"vulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"vulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"subConfidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subIntegrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"subAvailabilityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"exploitMaturity\":\"PROOF_OF_CONCEPT\",\"confidentialityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"integrityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"availabilityRequirement\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackVector\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackComplexity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedAttackRequirements\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedPrivilegesRequired\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedUserInteraction\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Safety\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Automatable\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"Recovery\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"valueDensity\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"vulnerabilityResponseEffort\":\"NOT_DEFINED\",\"providerUrgency\":\"NOT_DEFINED\"}}],\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.9,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.2,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2025-07-02T15:59:12.705717Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2025-52886\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"no\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:freedesktop:poppler:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"25.06.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"20F0E6E3-4844-4D72-8929-3EB8109331D4\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/04bd91684ed41d67ae0f10cde0660e4ed74ac203\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/ac36affcc8486de38e8905a8d6547a3464ff46e5\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/issues/1581\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Issue Tracking\",\"Vendor Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/merge_requests/1828\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Product\"]},{\"url\":\"https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2025-054_poppler/\",\"source\":\"security-advisories@github.com\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/5\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"},{\"url\":\"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/12/1\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T03:09:54+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-52886",
      "id": "CVE-2025-52886",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-02T15:46:49.733000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "67",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "poppler: Poppler Use After Free Vulnerability",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-52886.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-28T16:52:21Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-52886",
      "id": "CVE-2025-52886",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-02T23:21:33Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "160",
      "product_status:recommended": "280",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-52886",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-52886.json",
      "version": "18"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/11/5\"}, {\"url\": \"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/07/12/1\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-04T22:06:42.737Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-52886\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-07-02T15:59:12.705717Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-02T15:59:14.542Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Poppler Use After Free Vulnerability\", \"source\": {\"advisory\": \"GHSA-922r-mhj4-78rc\", \"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 5.5, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"poppler\", \"product\": \"poppler\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"\u003c 25.06.0\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2025-054_poppler/\", \"name\": \"https://securitylab.github.com/advisories/GHSL-2025-054_poppler/\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_CONFIRM\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/04bd91684ed41d67ae0f10cde0660e4ed74ac203\", \"name\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/04bd91684ed41d67ae0f10cde0660e4ed74ac203\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/ac36affcc8486de38e8905a8d6547a3464ff46e5\", \"name\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/commit/ac36affcc8486de38e8905a8d6547a3464ff46e5\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/issues/1581\", \"name\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/issues/1581\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/merge_requests/1828\", \"name\": \"https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/poppler/poppler/-/merge_requests/1828\", \"tags\": [\"x_refsource_MISC\"]}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Poppler is a PDF rendering library. Versions prior to 25.06.0 use `std::atomic_int` for reference counting. Because `std::atomic_int` is only 32 bits, it is possible to overflow the reference count and trigger a use-after-free. Version 25.06.0 patches the issue.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-416\", \"description\": \"CWE-416: Use After Free\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"shortName\": \"GitHub_M\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-07-02T15:46:49.733Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-52886\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-11-04T22:06:42.737Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-06-20T17:42:25.708Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-07-02T15:46:49.733Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"GitHub_M\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.