cvelistv5 - cve-2025-54886

CVE-2025-54886 (GCVE-0-2025-54886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-08 00:03 – Updated: 2025-08-08 16:54

Summary

skops is a Python library which helps users share and ship their scikit-learn based models. In versions 0.12.0 and below, the Card.get_model does not contain any logic to prevent arbitrary code execution. The Card.get_model function supports both joblib and skops for model loading. When loading .skops models, it uses skops' secure loading with trusted type validation, raising errors for untrusted types unless explicitly allowed. However, when non-.zip file formats are provided, the function silently falls back to joblib without warning. Unlike skops, joblib allows arbitrary code execution during loading, bypassing security measures and potentially enabling malicious code execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.13.0.

Severity ?

8.4 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	skops-dev	skops	Affected: < 0.13.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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GHSA-378X-6P4F-8JGM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-07 16:42 – Updated: 2025-09-10 20:52

Summary

SKOPS Card.get_model happily allows arbitrary code execution

Details

Summary

The Card class of skops, used for model documentation and sharing, allows arbitrary code execution. When a file other than .zip is provided to the Card class during instantiation, the internally invoked Card.get_model method silently falls back to joblib without warning. Unlike the .skops zip-based format, joblib permits unrestricted code execution, hence bypassing the security measures of skops and enabling the execution of malicious code.

Details

The Card class supports loading the model linked to the card using the get_model method. When a .skops model is provided, it uses the load function from skops, which includes security mechanisms. The Card class also supports consistent management of the trusted list, which can be passed during instance creation. As expected, if a .skops model is provided without a trusted list and an untrusted type is encountered during loading, an error is raised. This behavior is consistent with the security principles of skops.

The problem arises when a file format other than .zip is provided. As shown in the code snippet below, in this case, the joblib library is used to load the model. This happens silently, without any warning or indication that joblib is being used. This is a significant security risk because joblib does not enforce the same security measures as skops, allowing arbitrary code execution.

# from `card/_model_card.py:354-358`
try:
    if zipfile.is_zipfile(model_path):
        model = load(model_path, trusted=trusted)
    else:
        model = joblib.load(model_path)

To increase the concern, get_model is actually called internally by skops during card creation, so the user does not need to call it explicitly—only to create the Card object passing a joblib file.

PoC

Consider the following example:

from skops.card import Card

card = Card("model.skops")

An attacker could share a model.skops file that, despite its name, is not a .zip file. In this case, the joblib.load function is called, allowing arbitrary code execution if the file is actually a pickle-like object. This is difficult for the user to detect, as the check is based on the file’s format, not its extension or name.

This vulnerability exists regardless of the trusted list provided (or omitted) during Card instance creation, and is unaffected by any other parameters. Moreover, it occurs at the time of Card instantiation.

Attack Scenario

An attacker can craft a malicious model file that, when used to instantiate a Card object, enables arbitrary code on the victim’s machine. This requires no user interaction beyond instantiating the Card object (not even explicit loading). Given that skops is often used in collaborative environments and is designed with security in mind, this vulnerability poses a significant threat.

Attachments

The complete PoC is available on GitHub at io-no/CVE-2025-54886.

Severity ?

8.4 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "skops"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54886"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-07T16:42:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-08T01:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `Card` class of `skops`, used for model documentation and sharing, allows arbitrary code execution. When a file other than `.zip` is provided to the `Card` class during instantiation, the internally invoked `Card.get_model` method silently falls back to `joblib` without warning. Unlike the `.skops` zip-based format, `joblib` permits unrestricted code execution, hence bypassing the security measures of `skops` and enabling the execution of malicious code.\n\n\n## Details\n\nThe `Card` class supports loading the model linked to the card using the `get_model` method. When a `.skops` model is provided, it uses the `load` function from `skops`, which includes security mechanisms. The `Card` class also supports consistent management of the `trusted` list, which can be passed during instance creation. As expected, if a `.skops` model is provided without a `trusted` list and an untrusted type is encountered during loading, an error is raised. This behavior is consistent with the security principles of `skops`.\n\nThe problem arises when a file format other than `.zip` is provided. As shown in the code snippet below, in this case, the `joblib` library is used to load the model. This happens **silently**, without any warning or indication that `joblib` is being used. This is a significant security risk because `joblib` does not enforce the same security measures as `skops`, allowing arbitrary code execution.\n\n```python\n# from `card/_model_card.py:354-358`\ntry:\n    if zipfile.is_zipfile(model_path):\n        model = load(model_path, trusted=trusted)\n    else:\n        model = joblib.load(model_path)\n```\n\nTo increase the concern, `get_model` is actually called internally by `skops` during card creation, so the user does not need to call it explicitly\u2014only to create the `Card` object passing a `joblib` file.\n\n## PoC\n\nConsider the following example:\n\n```python\nfrom skops.card import Card\n\ncard = Card(\"model.skops\")\n```\n\nAn attacker could share a `model.skops` file that, despite its name, is **not** a `.zip` file. In this case, the `joblib.load` function is called, allowing arbitrary code execution if the file is actually a pickle-like object. This is difficult for the user to detect, as the check is based on the file\u2019s format, not its extension or name.\n\nThis vulnerability exists regardless of the `trusted` list provided (or omitted) during `Card` instance creation, and is unaffected by any other parameters. Moreover, it occurs at the time of `Card` instantiation.\n\n## Attack Scenario\n\nAn attacker can craft a malicious model file that, when used to instantiate a `Card` object, enables **arbitrary code** on the victim\u2019s machine. This requires no user interaction beyond instantiating the `Card` object (not even explicit loading). Given that `skops` is often used in collaborative environments and is designed with security in mind, this vulnerability poses a significant threat.\n\n## Attachments\nThe complete PoC is available on GitHub at [io-no/CVE-2025-54886](https://github.com/io-no/CVE-Reports/tree/main/CVE-2025-54886).",
  "id": "GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm",
  "modified": "2025-09-10T20:52:05Z",
  "published": "2025-08-07T16:42:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/io-no/CVE-Reports/tree/main/CVE-2025-54886"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SKOPS Card.get_model happily allows arbitrary code execution"
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-54886

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-08-08 01:15 - Updated: 2025-08-08 20:30

Severity ?

8.4 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "skops is a Python library which helps users share and ship their scikit-learn based models. In versions 0.12.0 and below, the Card.get_model does not contain any logic to prevent arbitrary code execution. The Card.get_model function supports both joblib and skops for model loading. When loading .skops models, it uses skops\u0027 secure loading with trusted type validation, raising errors for untrusted types unless explicitly allowed. However, when non-.zip file formats are provided, the function silently falls back to joblib without warning. Unlike skops, joblib allows arbitrary code execution during loading, bypassing security measures and potentially enabling malicious code execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.13.0."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "skops es una librer\u00eda de Python que ayuda a los usuarios a compartir y enviar sus modelos basados en scikit-learn. En las versiones 0.12.0 y anteriores, Card.get_model no contiene ninguna l\u00f3gica que impida la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario. La funci\u00f3n Card.get_model admite tanto joblib como skops para la carga de modelos. Al cargar modelos .skops, utiliza la carga segura de skops con validaci\u00f3n de tipos confiables, lo que genera errores para tipos no confiables a menos que se permita expl\u00edcitamente. Sin embargo, cuando se proporcionan formatos de archivo distintos de .zip, la funci\u00f3n recurre silenciosamente a joblib sin previo aviso. A diferencia de skops, joblib permite la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario durante la carga, evadiendo las medidas de seguridad y potencialmente permitiendo la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo malicioso. Este problema se solucion\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n 0.13.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-54886",
  "lastModified": "2025-08-08T20:30:18.180",
  "metrics": {
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          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.4,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.5,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-08T01:15:25.120",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-502"
        }
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-54886 (GCVE-0-2025-54886)

GHSA-378X-6P4F-8JGM

Summary

Details

PoC

Attack Scenario

Attachments

FKIE_CVE-2025-54886

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature